Letters from an American: November 10, 2024 Episode Summary
Host: Heather Cox Richardson
Podcast: Letters from an American
Produced by: Soundscape Productions, Dedham, MA
Music Composed by: Michael Moss
Introduction
In the November 10, 2024 episode of Letters from an American, host Heather Cox Richardson delves into the historical significance of Armistice Day and its evolution into Veterans Day. She explores how the remembrance of World War I influenced American politics, foreign policy, and national identity, drawing parallels to contemporary issues in international relations.
Armistice Day: Origins and Significance
The episode opens with a reflection on November 11, 1918, marking the armistice that ended World War I's intense combat on the 11th hour of the 11th day of the 11th month. Richardson emphasizes that while the armistice ceased fighting, the war officially concluded with the signing of the Treaty of Versailles on June 28, 1919.
"Armistice Day became popularly known as the Day of the Great War, which killed at least 40 million people, ending in November 1919."
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Richardson highlights President Woodrow Wilson's inaugural remarks on Armistice Day, where he expressed pride in the heroism of American soldiers and gratitude for the nation's victory.
"Americans would reflect on the anniversary of the armistice with solemn pride in the heroism of those who died in the country's service..."
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Wilson's Vision and Congressional Opposition
Despite Wilson's aspirations for a lasting peace through the League of Nations, the U.S. Senate, led by Republican Henry Cabot Lodge, opposed joining the international body, favoring isolationism instead. Richardson analyzes Wilson's disappointment in the Senate's rejection, which hindered America's proactive role in global diplomacy.
In November 10, 1923, Wilson delivered the nation's first live nationwide radio broadcast, urging Americans to remember Armistice Day with pride and a commitment to peace. However, he criticized the nation's retreat into isolationism.
"We turned our backs upon our associates and refused to bear any responsible part in the administration of peace..."
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Richardson notes Wilson's foresight in predicting America's inevitable return to international engagement, despite congressional resistance.
Legislative Changes and the Path to Veterans Day
In 1926, Congress passed a resolution advocating for peaceful relations and mutual understanding among nations, reflecting a lingering desire for the ideals Wilson championed. This sentiment culminated in 1938, when Congress officially designated November 11th as a legal holiday dedicated to world peace.
However, Richardson points out the irony that even as the U.S. commemorated peace, it soon found itself embroiled in the devastating Second World War just three years later. This conflict underscored the necessity for a rules-based international order to prevent future wars.
Establishment of International Institutions
The aftermath of World War II led to the creation of pivotal international organizations aimed at preserving peace and fostering cooperation. Richardson discusses the founding of the United Nations in 1945 and the establishment of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) in 1949, highlighting their roles in maintaining global stability.
"No country should be able to attack a neighbor, slaughter its people and steal its lands at will."
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These institutions embodied the principles of collective security and diplomatic conflict resolution, which Richardson asserts have been crucial in maintaining relative peace since their inception.
Transforming Armistice Day into Veterans Day
In 1954, Congress amended the holiday's designation from Armistice Day to Veterans Day, broadening its purpose to honor all military veterans. President Dwight D. Eisenhower, a decorated World War II general, issued a proclamation emphasizing the importance of remembering veterans' sacrifices and recommitting to enduring peace.
"Let us solemnly remember the sacrifices of all those who fought so valiantly... and let us reconsecrate ourselves to the task of promoting an enduring peace..."
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Richardson reflects on the significance of this transformation, noting how it shifted the holiday's focus from a specific historical event to a broader recognition of military service and the ongoing pursuit of peace.
Contemporary Reflections and Conclusion
Concluding the episode, Richardson draws parallels between the early 20th-century challenges and today's geopolitical climate. She warns of the erosion of the rules-based international order as autocratic regimes challenge established norms, threatening the peace and cooperation that institutions like the UN and NATO were designed to uphold.
Richardson underscores the enduring relevance of lessons from Armistice Day and Veterans Day in shaping America's role on the world stage, advocating for continued commitment to international alliances and diplomatic engagement to prevent future conflicts.
Produced by: Soundscape Productions, Dedham, MA
Music Composed by: Michael Moss