4 negotiation tactics to try in everyday life

Summary

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Life Kit (NPR)

Episode: 4 negotiation tactics to try in everyday life
Date: February 16, 2026
Host: Marielle Segarra
Guest: Joan Moon, Founder of Moon Negotiation and Head of Negotiation Coaching at Harvard Kennedy School

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Episode Overview

This episode of NPR’s Life Kit, hosted by Marielle Segarra, explores how negotiation skills traditionally used for high-stakes contexts—like job offers—can be adapted for everyday situations. Joan Moon, negotiation coach and founder of Moon Negotiation, shares practical strategies and frameworks—including research-backed techniques and acronyms—for navigating everyday conflicts and finding creative, collaborative solutions.

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Key Discussion Points & Insights

1. Negotiation Is Everywhere

• Negotiation happens beyond salary talks—it arises daily in household chores, choosing a restaurant, or settling on vacation plans.

  • “If so, you have done some form of negotiation, whether it was over who’s going to do the dishes, what you were having for dinner, or where you were going to go on vacation together.” (Marielle, 00:09)

• Negotiation fosters agency and satisfaction:

  • "It can really improve your everyday contentment, your satisfaction with your situation. And it can really give you a sense of agency. It gives you a sense that you are making intentional choices and creating a life for yourself, curating a life for yourself that you're happy with." (Joan, 01:01)

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2. Tactic 1: Benchmarking

• Definition: Collecting objective data and standards to legitimize your requests (e.g., what is a fair price for a service or product).
• Application: Not just for salaries but also big purchases or services (plumbers, car buying).
  • Use the APP model to investigate:
    • Ask: Directly inquire or question relevant parties.
    • People: Consult others in your network or communities.
    • Paper: Reference documentation, policies, or market research.
  • "You can reduce the ambiguity by investigating using the APP model." (Joan, 02:42)
• Benefit: Reduces ambiguity, arms you with legitimate data for negotiation.

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3. Tactic 2: Win-Win Strategies

• Definition: Frame the negotiation to meet both parties' interests, seeking a mutual benefit.
• Example: Joan describes turning a contentious customer service call into a collaborative problem-solving dialogue:
  • “I want to remain a long time satisfied customer at this company ... Can we focus on a solution to how I can get my phone reconnected?” (Joan, 05:15)
• Insight: Focus on shared goals rather than revisiting blame or past mistakes.

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4. Tactic 3: Offering a Menu of Options

• Definition: Present multiple (ideally three) creative and actionable solutions rather than a binary yes/no.
• Example: Adapting cleaning duties within a household by offering several options such as new schedules, redistribution of chores, or hiring a cleaner.
  • “When you present three different options, it’s less of a standoff and it signals to the other person a collaborative tone, like, let’s solve this problem together.” (Joan, 06:54)
• Benefit: Lowers defensiveness, creates flexibility, and often increases the chance of agreement.

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5. Tactic 4: Knowing Your BATNA

• Definition: Best Alternative To a Negotiated Agreement—the fallback if you can’t reach an agreement.
• Importance:
  • Having a strong BATNA prevents desperation, sharpens your negotiating position, and helps protect your interests.
  • “When you increase and improve upon your alternatives, you’re able to think with a clearer head and you’re less likely to make a decision that you regret later on.” (Joan, 08:38)
• Should You Share Your BATNA?
  • Yes, but subtly; letting the other party know you have alternatives can make them take your concerns more seriously.
  • “When you are able to subtly signal, like, listen, I’m close to my breaking point here, then they are going to prioritize the request that you are making to them or not.” (Joan, 09:17)

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6. Navigating Invisible Parties & Roles: The PDMs Framework

• Three Roles:
  • Power Broker
  • Decision Maker
  • Messenger
• “Oftentimes, you're not just negotiating with the person in the room. So really thinking about who are the actual parties involved and who are the power brokers, decision makers, and the messengers can be important.” (Joan, 13:40)
• Application: Especially relevant in family or group dynamics—identify who truly has influence to direct your energy effectively.

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7. Negotiation Examples in Relationships and Friendships

• Romantic Partners: Sometimes outside family members or cultural expectations shape negotiations (as in the wedding planning example).
• Friends: When addressing emotional issues, start by stating shared interests (e.g., valuing the relationship) and use thoughtful timing (HALT: Hungry, Angry, Lonely, Tired).
  • “Anytime you're feeling any of these things, it's probably a bad time to engage in this conversation. We really want to be mindful about the timing and context.” (Joan, 15:10)

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8. When to Walk Away

• Consider the importance and longevity of the relationship.
• Avoid overtaxing valued relationships with excessive negotiation.
  • “If this is a long standing relationship that you really value... you want to make sure that how you negotiate and how frequently you negotiate isn't wearing out or fatiguing that relationship...” (Joan, 16:18)

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9. Handling Fear of Being Perceived as Demanding or Greedy

• Benchmarking protects against negative perceptions—objective data supports reasonableness.
  • “You're also, once you have that data and you present that data to the other person, you reduce the likelihood that they're going to respond that way because you have objective data.” (Joan, 17:23)

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Notable Quotes & Moments

• “Negotiation can help you come up with compromises, creative solutions that go beyond yes or no, this or that, and that can help you get unstuck.” (Marielle, 00:21)
• “What we always recommend in negotiating is to strengthen your BATNA, have a really good alternative.” (Joan, 08:19)
• “A menu of options is a way to stay away from yes or no requests and instead to present three different creative choices so that it increases the likelihood of the other person agreeing on one of those options.” (Joan, 19:11)
• “HALT stands for Hungry, Angry, Lonely, and Tired ... likely not the best time to engage in a negotiation conversation.” (Joan, 20:02)

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Timestamps for Important Segments

• Negotiation in Everyday Situations: 00:00–01:19
• Benchmarking & APP Model: 02:30–04:18
• Win-Win Strategy & Reframing Conversations: 04:36–06:29
• Menu of Options: 06:29–07:45
• BATNA & Power in Negotiation: 07:45–10:28
• Invisible Parties/PDMs Example: 11:40–14:40
• Resolutions with Friends & HALT: 14:41–16:10
• Knowing When to Walk Away: 16:12–17:14
• Dealing with Perceptions of Being Demanding: 17:14–18:00
• Glossary Recap: 18:00–20:17

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Summary Glossary of Terms & Acronyms

• Benchmarking: Research and use of external standards or data to validate a negotiation point.
• APP Model (Ask, People, Paper): Steps to get information—ask directly, seek input from people, consult paperwork or data sources.
• Win-Win Strategies: Framing outcomes to benefit all parties.
• Menu of Options: Provide at least three choices instead of a binary proposal.
• BATNA: Best Alternative To a Negotiated Agreement—a critical fallback plan.
• PDMs: Power Brokers, Decision Makers, and Messengers—roles to identify in any negotiation.
• HALT: Avoid negotiations when you’re Hungry, Angry, Lonely, or Tired.

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Tone & Takeaway:
Upbeat, practical, and supportive, the episode emphasizes that negotiation is a skill for everyday happiness and healthy relationships, not just big deals. As Joan Moon notes, the key is preparation, creativity, and understanding both your own—and the other party’s—interests and boundaries.

Transcript

[A]

You're listening to Life Kit from npr. Hey everybody, it's Marielle. When was the last time you negotiated something? Not your salary though? Well, think about it this way. Have you ever compromised with a friend or a housemate, partner or family member? If so, you have done some form of negotiation, whether it was over who's going to do the dishes, what you were having for dinner, or where you were going to go on vacation together.

[B]

I had some friends the other day, a couple decide, deciding on what, what ice cream flavors that they were going to get from the grocery store.

[A]

That's Joan Moon, founder of Moon Negotiation, a negotiation and career coaching firm. She's also the head of negotiation coaching at the Harvard Kennedy School. And she says, yeah, some negotiations are much higher stakes than others. But the point is negotiating can help you come up with compromises, creative solutions that go beyond yes or no, this or that, and that can help you get unstuck.

[B]

It can really improve your everyday contentment, your satisfaction with your situation. And it can really give you a sense of agency. It gives you a sense that you are making intentional choices and creating a life for yourself, curating a life for yourself that you're happy with.

[A]

On this episode of Life Kit, Joan and I are going to walk through some of the negotiation strategies that you might typically use when you get a job offer or a promotion and talk about how you can apply those in in your day to day lives.

[C]

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[A]

Let'S get into some of the formal negotiation tactics that you can use in these everyday situations. There is a term that's going to come up here. Benchmarking. What is that?

[B]

Yeah so what we do in, let's say, a job offer, a salary negotiation is we benchmark on, like, what is an appropriate range for this job. We might look at what the industry standards are, what the organizational standards are. I might do some research on the fair market value, and then using my level of experience, I'll figure out where I lie within that range. In the personal context, you can continue to use those benchmarking strategies, let's say, when you're making, like, large consumer choices. So if you're hiring a plumber or you want to do a kitchen renovation, or other times, you might do some benchmarking is buying a car, right? So what you're doing is you're researching good information and what is an appropriate price point for this purchase. And it's really important to reduce ambiguity and uncertainty in these situations by investigating. When you investigate, I go with app. So a is ask P is to think of people resources, and the other P is to think of paper resources. So you had a delayed flight, and you know that there are certain regulations that airlines have to follow. You might be able to just ask at the customer service counter, and they might give you the information you're looking for for people resources. So people resources might be just asking around within your networks. You can go into informal groups, like a Facebook group. You can reduce the ambiguity by investigating using the app model.

[A]

It sounds like benchmarking works really well for. For negotiations in the office and then also on things that you're buying stuff around money. Let's talk about another phrase. What about win win strategies?

[B]

Yeah, most people have heard of, like, a win win in passing, but the issue is that a lot of us are not utilizing this strategy as frequently as we have the opportunity to. So a win win is when you talk about how you and I are both going to benefit from the solution. So let me give you an example. I was on a customer service call recently, and I was having issues with my phone service, and I was in a really tight. I basically had no phone service. My phone number wasn't working. So I called customer service and you said, you know, you told me to do this thing and that if I did that, the situation would be fixed. The new customer service rep I was talking to said, well, you know, we don't have any record of us telling you that we told you to do that. And I was incredibly upset because, a, you're gaslighting me right now. B, you literally have a recording of this call, and you can look it up. Like, what is the point of this, Right? So I was, I was sitting there fuming that that is the direction of the conversation that we went in. And so I said, okay, Joan, you know the research on this, let's utilize this win win framing strategy. And so I redirected the conversation saying, listen, I want to remain a long time satisfied customer at this company. I've been with you for 10 years, and I would like to keep it for another 10 years. And so what I'm doing is I'm speaking to their interests and to mine. Right. We both want to benefit from this relationship. So I said, can we focus on a solution to how I can get my phone reconnected? And with this, we were able to focus on solutions instead of focusing on the past and whether or not they told me that, because that was not going to be a productive conversation. So we focus on what do we both want in this situation and how do we benefit from that?

[A]

You've also talked about when you're in the midst of negotiating, giving people a menu of options.

[B]

What does that mean in going to a housekeeping example? Right. Let's say you're upset with your roommate on people not cleaning up around the apartment. And, you know, it's getting pretty filthy. And, you know, I've gotten so busy with work, so I can't keep on doing the majority of the housework. So what I would recommend is come up with three different options. Let's say maybe we come up with a different cleaning schedule that is a little bit more accommodating of our lifestyles, or maybe we change the breakdown of responsibilities within the home, or maybe we look up prices of housekeeping services. When you present three different options, it's less of a standoff and it signals to the other person a collaborative tone, like, let's solve this problem together.

[A]

Yeah. And I know, you know, on the one hand, if you're the one bringing this up, like, then maybe it is on you to come up with some solutions. But is it ever frustrating, though, to be the person who's like, and here it is, here's a menu of things you could choose from. And it just feels like the other person is not doing any of the work?

[B]

Yeah. Yeah. So I do not promise that this will be a frustration free process. Right. And when someone is being incredibly, you know, stubborn or difficult, that's when I recommend reconsidering what we call the negotiation community, your batna, and that stands for best alternative to negotiated agreement. And what that means is if you're unable to negotiate with this person, what Are you going to walk away to? What is your alternative?

[A]

What's your backup plan?

[B]

Yeah, exactly. And if you have a really bad backup plan that you're not really willing to consider, then you're going to feel stuck, and then you're going to get upset with the other person for not engaging in these options. You're going to feel like you're stuck in a corner. And so what we always recommend in negotiating is to strengthen your batna, have a really good alternative. When you increase and improve upon your alternatives, you're able to think with a clearer head and you're less likely to make a decision that you regret later on.

[A]

I wonder, is it important for the other person to have a sense of your batna? Like, especially if you've firmed it up or if you are willing to walk away, if you're willing to move out or leave your job or, you know, I don't break up with your partner or whatever. Like, is it good for them to know that? Should you communicate that with them in the negotiation?

[B]

That's a really great question. Yes, absolutely. And I want to be super clear. You do want to signal to them subtly that you do have a strong batna so that they are aware of, you know, how fed up you might be. Oftentimes people are so involved in their own lives, and what you're bringing up to them is. Might not be a big priority for them, but it might become a higher priority when they realize, oh, my gosh, I didn't realize you're so upset about this. I didn't realize that you're at the breaking point when it comes to this. And so when you are able to subtly signal, like, listen, I'm close to my breaking point here, then they are going to prioritize the request that you are making to them or not.

[A]

And then you, you know, make another choice. Then you absolutely fall back on your backup plan. I mean, if your. Your bat now, like we talked about, best alternative to a negotiated agreement is real, like, if you really feel that, then you will embody that. I think when you're in the room, and you won't be coming from a desperate place.

[B]

Actually, Marielle, there's research that, that shows exactly what you're saying. Right. So there's research that shows that when you have a strong batna, it influences your negotiation performance. If you don't have a strong batna, it impacts the way that you engage in the negotiation and the sort of feeling like you're in a corner. You don't have any other Options that kind of subtly bleeds through to the other person and so you end up getting a worse negotiating outcome. So having a strong batna is good for multiple reasons. The first one being that you have alternatives if this doesn't work out. But the second reason is that it puts you in a healthy and strong psychological place as you enter into that conversation.

[A]

Yeah, so you're not coming in as a supplicant.

[B]

Yes, exactly.

[A]

We'll have more life kit after the break. Let's talk about some other examples of how we can negotiate in our day to day lives. Like what are some other negotiations that might come up, for instance, with a romantic partner?

[B]

So one example that I think will feel really relatable for folks is I had a client, I'm going to call her Anna. And Anna was negotiating with her fiance over the details of their wedding. And you know, he wasn't super invested in the details at first. You know, he's like, oh, yeah, whatever you want. Oh, that sounds like a great idea. Sounds good, let's do that. But there was a shift at a certain point where he started being a little bit more demanding and rigid on some of the details that he previously didn't care about. So when she dug a little deeper, she found out that it was actually his mother who had.

[A]

I know you were gonna stay.

[B]

It's such a classic story, right? Such a classic story. So sorry to give such a heteronormative example too. So. So what happened is the mother had been dreaming about this is her eldest son. She'd been dreaming about this wedding for so long. And she also had certain cultural expectations, right? Ana and her fiance, they were coming from two different cultural backgrounds. And in addition to that, there was a language barrier. She couldn't communicate effectively directly with the mother. And I use this example to talk about the different parties involved in a negotiation. I call them the PDMs. The P is a power broker, the D is a decision maker, and the M is a messenger. Now normally you would think that Anna and her fiance are the decision makers. But as she dug deeper, she realized that he was actually just kind of a messenger and the mother was being the decision maker. So what she did in this situation was appeal to the father in law, who was a power broker. He's the one who could sort of influence his wife and say, listen, you know, it's her wedding too. Maybe, you know, she doesn't understand why this is of cultural significance to you. Maybe you should explain this. And so he was able to influence her a little bit.

[A]

More.

[B]

And this scenario is to point out that there are often invisible parties in a negotiation. Oftentimes, you're not just negotiating with the person in the room. So really thinking about who are the actual parties involved and who are the power brokers, decision makers, and the messengers can be important in how you direct your energy during a negotiation. Hmm.

[A]

That's so smart. And it also is annoying.

[B]

Yeah.

[A]

It's just like, what if you don't want to have a decision maker outside of the people that you thought were decision makers in your romantic relationship?

[B]

Absolutely. And I think that's a conversation between Anna and her fiance. Right. Like, hey, let's talk about whose wedding this is. Let's talk about what kind of decisions we're okay with delegating to family members and what decisions that we need to make between ourselves. And that's a negotiation in itself.

[C]

Yeah.

[A]

What are some things you might negotiate with friends besides housework, if you're roommates?

[B]

So I have an example of two friends who are having an argument or a disagreement. One friend was sort of feeling undervalued and kind of ignored by the other friend. You know, maybe they weren't responding to their texts as frequently when they were in group settings. They weren't really prioritizing time with them. And so in this situation, she was debating on, like, how do I approach this conversation? I said, first of all, let's go back to the shared interests example. Right. I care about our relationship, and I want us to have a healthy friendship. And so starting off the conversation with that sets a collaborative tone. Another thing to think about as you engage in negotiating or engaging in conflict resolution is something I borrowed from Alcoholics Anonymous. It's called Halt, Hungry, Angry, Lonely, or Tired. Anytime you're feeling any of these things, it's probably a bad time to engage in this conversation. We really want to be mindful about the timing and context of a situation. And is that the ideal scenario in which we're going to engage in a conversation that's really important to us? So being really intentional about. Not only is the timing, context right for you, but is it the right timing and context for the other person and being really thoughtful about them, and that sets you up to have a more productive and successful conversation?

[A]

Yeah.

[B]

Okay.

[A]

Broadly speaking, how do you know when it's time to step away from a negotiation?

[B]

Oh, I get this question a lot, actually. So one major factor to consider is the strength and the longevity of a relationship. And let's say if you are haggling over the price of a Souvenir, and you're never going to see this vendor again, you might want to cut your losses and walk away. If this is a long standing relationship that you really value and you really want to maintain, you want to make sure that how you negotiate and how frequently you negotiate isn't wearing out or fatiguing that relationship, you want to consider like, am I over fatiguing this relationship? Am I overplaying my hand and do I need to sort of accept the no or not right now and walk away from this situation to my batna?

[A]

Yeah. What would you say to someone who's nervous about looking demanding or even greedy when they negotiate?

[B]

This brings me back to the strategy of benchmarking. Because when you benchmark and you realize that what you're asking for is completely within the norm, then what you've done is you've built yourself in armor against a reaction like that. And you're also, once you have that data and you present that data to the other person, you reduce the likelihood that they're going to respond that way because you have objective data, right? You have all these numbers that you've researched, and it's kind of hard to react that way when there is such clear data in front of you.

[A]

That was Joan Moon from Moon Negotiation. Now, instead of doing a traditional recap, let's go over the terms and acronyms Joan introduced us to. Basically, this is a glossary. First, we've got benchmarking.

[B]

So benchmarking is when you do some research to see what, what are the standards out there, what are their objective data that you can collect to legitimize what you're asking for.

[A]

For next up, we have the acronym app.

[B]

App. There are three different areas in how you can investigate and reduce ambiguity. So the A stands for ask whether that's directly or indirectly. The first P is for people resources, and then there's paper resources.

[A]

And these don't literally have to be on paper. You know, this could mean doing your research by looking up a policy or digging through an online forum. Next, Joan talked to us about Win Win strategies.

[B]

A Win win strategy is when you highlight what you're asking for can benefit both parties, whether it's you and the other person or you and your employer.

[A]

Another negotiation tactic Joan mentioned, giving people a menu of options.

[B]

A menu of options is a way to stay away from yes or no requests and instead to present three different creative choices so that it increases the likelihood of the other person agreeing on one of those options.

[A]

All right, another acronym coming your way. Batna that's B A T N A.

[B]

The BATNA is the best alternative to negotiated agreement. And this is, you know, if your negotiation doesn't work out, what are you going to walk away to? What is your best alternative in this scenario?

[A]

Next, we've got PDMs.

[B]

The PDMs are the power brokers, decision makers, and the messengers. There are three different types of parties that you might be negotiating with, whether they're in the room with you or outside of the room.

[A]

And our last acronym, halt, H A.

[B]

L T. HALT stands for Hungry, Angry, lonely, and tired. And basically you want to HALT when you are feeling any of these things because it's likely not the best time to engage in a negotiation conversation.

[A]

All right, Joan, thank you so much for being here.

[B]

Thank you, Marielle, for having me. I'm a big fan of the show.

[A]

I'm a big fan of yours. Now, one more thing before we go. Do you follow Life Kit in your podcast app? Why not? Go ahead and do it right now. Just tap follow so you never miss an episode. This episode of Life Kit was produced by Audrey Wynne. Our digital editor is Malika Gharib. Megan Kane is our supervising editor, and Beth Donovan is our executive producer. Our production team also includes Andy Tagle, Margaret Serino, Claire Marie Schneider, Sylvie Douglas, and Mika Ellison. Engineering support comes from Robert Rodriguez. I'm Marielle Segarra. Thanks for listening.

[B]

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