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- [00:01]
Charles Schwab
This message comes from Charles Schwab with their original podcast, Choiceology. Choiceology is a show about the psychology and economics behind people's decisions. Download the latest episode and subscribe@schwab.com podcast.
- [00:17]
Marielle Segarra
You're listening to Life Kit from NPR. Hey, everybody, it's Marielle. I have long felt that I have a terrible sense of direction. Like when I'm in the parking lot and the GPS says, go northwest on Route 10 or whatever, I'm like, why would you think I know which way is northwest? What am I, a ship's captain? A Boy Scout earning his orienteering badge? So I take a guess, and it's usually the wrong one. But it doesn't have to be this way, because it turns out your sense of direction is something you can work on. NPR's Andrew Limbong looked into this for us, and he has lots of tips for you and for me. Because I'm tired of wasting gas.
- [01:04]
Andrew Limbong
Hey, what's up, everyone? The other day, I had to run an errand. It wasn't crazy. Far from where I live in Baltimore, it was just in a part of town I don't go to all that often. So I hopped into the car and performed that ritual. I imagine a lot of us do. Before the seatbelts, before checking the mirrors, before even turning the car on. All right, where am I going? Where is this place? I plugged the address into my phone. 1021 Delaney Valley Road, put it on the little holder thingy on the dash, and then, and only then, off I went. It's a little ridiculous if you think about it. I was headed to a local college campus. It's not out of the way on some hidden back street. It's on a main strip, and there are a bunch of signs around it being like, the college campus is this way. And yet, though I would have loved to have spent this beautiful spring drive with the windows down, bumping Vampire Weekend uninterrupted in the whip because I don't have a great sense of direction. I was at the mercy of Google Maps, because without it, not only would I be lost, I'd also feel lost. And I know I'm not the only one.
- [02:13]
Mary Haggerty
One of the things we measure in our lab is whether people feel anxious if they suddenly find themselves lost or realize they've lost track of where they are.
- [02:21]
Andrew Limbong
That's Mary Haggerty, a cognitive psychologist at the University of California, Santa Barbara. She leads the Spatial Thinking lab there, where they study how we see and interpret ourselves and other objects in space. And one of the things they study. There is this thing called spatial anxiety.
- [02:36]
Mary Haggerty
We just ask you about scenarios. You know, imagine, you know, you have to navigate to a part of town you've never been before. Do you feel anxious about that? Or maybe you suddenly find, you know, you don't. You're not where you thought you were. You know, does that make you feel anxious? You know?
- [02:51]
Andrew Limbong
Absolute? Absolutely. Good news is there are steps we can take to help alleviate spatial anxiety and get a better sense of the world around us. Today on Life Kit, boosting your sense of direction. You know, if I ever find my way back home, where am I going?
- [03:08]
Charles Schwab
Turn left toward Gouger Road, then make a U turn.
- [03:13]
Andrew Limbong
That's ahead.
- [03:18]
Charles Schwab
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- [04:10]
Andrew Limbong
This message comes from NPR Sponsor Disney Season 1 of Andor had critics calling it the best Star wars series yet. Season two of the Emmy nominated series is now streaming on Disney. Follow Cassian Andor as he embarks on a path from a rebel to a hero. Starring Diego Luna and from creator Tony Gilroy, writer of Michael Clayton and the Bourne Identity. Season two of Andor is now streaming only on Disney.
- [04:41]
Charles Schwab
This message comes from Charles Schwab. When it comes to managing your wealth, Schwab gives you more choices like full service, wealth management and advice when you need it. You can also invest on your own and trade on Think or swim. Visit schwab.com to learn more.
- [04:56]
Eric Glass
This is Eric Glass. In Lily's family, there's a story everybody knows by heart. If this story had never happened, all.
- [05:03]
Andrew Limbong
Of us wouldn't be here right now. Sammy wouldn't be here, wouldn't be here. Wally wouldn't be here. Anyone that we know wouldn't be here.
- [05:10]
Eric Glass
So what happens when Lily's mom tells her the story is not true? This American Life Surprising Stories Every week.
- [05:20]
Andrew Limbong
There are two questions I want to head off before we get started. The first is, why bother? For those of us not navigationally blessed. Does Google Maps get me to where I need to go? Yes. Do I usually have my phone on me at all times? Sure, usually. I threw this question at benjiro. He's an outdoors recreation specialist with Cleveland Metro Parks, where he helps kids from the city get used to the outdoors, which includes teaching them how to navigate. So obviously he gets this question a lot.
- [05:49]
Eric Glass
Well, I mean, I just quite deadpan, just say, like, well, has your phone ever died, especially when you're outside? And if so, like, how do you get going? Do you just kind of guess and do you just sit down and cry? I don't know.
- [06:07]
Andrew Limbong
Hugo Spears is a professor of cognitive neuroscience at University College London, and his expertise is in spatial navigation. And he says that having a good sense of direction gives you more than the ability to just go from here to there.
- [06:22]
Hugo Spears
My advice would be, yeah, don't stress yourself out, you know, trying to push yourself to navigate, but it's kind of trying to try and find the fun in it of the power you have over the environment.
- [06:33]
Andrew Limbong
Hugo's research includes looking at the brains of the people who drive the black taxis in London. Those are the people who have to take that pretty rigorous test covering about 25,000 street names in London.
- [06:45]
Hugo Spears
The thing I discovered, London taxi drivers, once they've mastered these street names, they have some sort of real sense of ownership of the city. So I think there's a lot of value in how we connect to the environment that goes beyond just tapping into digital maps.
- [06:58]
Andrew Limbong
Okay, so that answers the first question of why now? What about who? Mary Haggerty from the Spatial Thinking Lab says there is some separation between people who are good at navigation and those of us who are bad at it.
- [07:12]
Mary Haggerty
I would say it comes from two things. I think probably a certain amount of it is inherited, but I think it largely comes from the types of navigation experiences you've had in your life. You know, how much you have actually been challenged in navigation and how much you've challenged yourself.
- [07:30]
Andrew Limbong
And there is that old canard about how men have a better sense of direction than women, which. There may be some differences in how men and women navigate, but the underlying reasoning is cultural, says Hugo, because in countries with higher gender equality, there is little gender difference in navigational skill.
- [07:48]
Hugo Spears
So there are countries, like much of the Scandinavian countries, where there's no real difference between men and women. It's very small. And in school they learn how to navigate, whereas in various countries around the world, where there are big gender discrepancies between what women and men can access for education, healthcare, travel, you see big differences in navigation skill.
- [08:09]
Andrew Limbong
And yes, there is still a lot we don't know about why some people are better at it than others. Like Mary said before, there are some people who just got it like that, but if that's not you, there are some things you can practice that'll teach you about your own neighborhood or that you can even apply if you're visiting somewhere. Here's Mary again.
- [08:27]
Mary Haggerty
I think of navigation as sort of a use it or lose it skill. You know, if you use it, you get better at it. So that's where I would start.
- [08:35]
Andrew Limbong
Okay, so let's start. Takeaway one, get lost on purpose. Here's outdoor specialist Benjiro.
- [08:42]
Eric Glass
I would recommend that if you're not in a time crunch, try, just try taking a different turn and seeing where it ends up.
- [08:50]
Andrew Limbong
And yeah, while Ben's expertise is out there in the woods, he says in the context of a more urban area, to get a better sense of direction, it can be helpful to act like you're on a leisurely hike.
- [09:02]
Eric Glass
Next time you decide to go on a walk or go for a stroll, go down a road you've maybe not walked to and see where it ends up. Maybe walk the scenic way to your favorite bodega or your bar or wear out coffee shop or whatever.
- [09:18]
Andrew Limbong
This is not the most efficient way to get from point A to point B, but that's sort of the point.
- [09:24]
Eric Glass
I think we've all gotten used to the idea that like, we gotta go, go, go, get to our spot. We don't wanna waste time. That like old adage of time is money, you know, when in some circumstances I can understand the need or the compulsion to try to get there as efficiently as possible. But I'm not an Uber Eats driver, so no one's waiting on my getting to a destination before their ice cream melts or their tacos get cold.
- [09:56]
Andrew Limbong
The philosophy still stands. Even if you're driving from the highway to the burbs and back, what's the.
- [10:01]
Eric Glass
Harm in taking five minutes to 10 minutes longer to get back to the highway when you're going home from your friends or family's place? Probably nothing. So, you know, instead of putting on a GPS to get back to the highway, a little bit of adventure, a little bit of exploration, and just try to get from the burbs back to the highway, you know?
- [10:26]
Andrew Limbong
Well, let me ask you the opposite is what is the benefit of taking the Time to do that well.
- [10:31]
Eric Glass
So you're never just gonna magically acquire a skill. So in order to learn a skill, you have to work at it, you have to practice it. You have to think about, you know, senses of directions and turning right and left and kind of keeping a sense of a direction in your head as you travel. When you have a GPS on, you're probably not thinking about any of that.
- [10:55]
Andrew Limbong
Just a quick note, we're not trying to make anti GPS propaganda here. They can be a great tool. Mary says the most common use of G that people self report isn't for turn by turn directions. It's to get accurate up to date traffic information. But she says an over reliance on GPS can lead to literally a more narrow view of the world.
- [11:17]
Mary Haggerty
If you're just looking at your gps, you're not paying attention to the broader environment that maybe you know, gives you cues of, okay, this, you know, when this is on my right it means I'm here and when this is on my left it means I'm here. That is one of the big pieces of advice I would give to people is, you know, try navigating without it, especially for routes that you take pretty frequently. And you know, pay attention to the cues in the environment that help you stay oriented on those routes.
- [11:45]
Andrew Limbong
Which brings us to takeaway 2. Pick out a few big landmarks that you can use to orient yourself. These landmarks can come in different genres. Sure you can use the Fourth Wave coffee shop down the block or the gas station with the good snacks as street level landmarks. But the most helpful are the massive faraway ones.
- [12:04]
Mary Haggerty
The most useful landmarks are distal landmarks. Landmarks that are far away. Right, because say something like the bank on the corner, that might be a landmark that helps you turn right. If you, you know, you have to turn right on the bank to go to a certain place. But you know, you're coming up to the bank, it's on your right, and then after you've turned, it's behind you, you know, so its relation to you changes as you navigate. But something that's in the distance, like for us the mountains, you know, it's something that's always far away. So it's a better cue to orientation.
- [12:35]
Andrew Limbong
And Ben says this is something humans have been doing for centuries, you know, picking a thing and having that be the so called true direction for you.
- [12:43]
Eric Glass
I know the more flat it is, the harder it is. But growing up in Cleveland area we have Lake Erie is always north. So I like to say just try and find one thing to be your true Direction.
- [12:54]
Andrew Limbong
It can be a tall building or a big sign, but can also be a major highway.
- [12:59]
Eric Glass
A lot of highways go north, south. Sometimes they're diagonals, but you know, maybe knowing what's it, 395, I think goes from Baltimore down to D.C. 295. Yeah, 295. So that's like a big north south. So if you're south of Baltimore and you can like see that major highway or know that you're near it and kind of remember the last time you turned, those kind of things help if.
- [13:24]
Andrew Limbong
You do end up lost. These landmarks can help guide you. If not where you need to be somewhere more familiar to you. It helps if the landmarks are distinct. It also helps if you've got a personal relationship to them. Here's how you go.
- [13:36]
Hugo Spears
There are certain chemicals running through, like natural endogenous chemicals in your brain that kind of lock in memories. So things like dopamine is this well known molecule we get when we get rewarded by something. So if you're in an experience like that where, wow, lots of great things around you, things that happen, you've got this really positive memory, then your brain has got more flexibility to hold on to some of those memories is the way that the research suggests.
- [14:02]
Andrew Limbong
And this is something we can take advantage of. Takeaway 3. Turn your environment into a narrative that you can understand.
- [14:09]
Hugo Spears
That is indeed what a lot of expert navigators do, is use narratives to help lock things in. Because like I said earlier, it's great if you can memorize street names, but street names are often like completely abstract. So the tricks people use are to turn these street names into stories and use whatever tricks, personal stories you can make up.
- [14:29]
Andrew Limbong
It's one thing to say, oh, that's 12th Street. It's another thing to say, oh, that's 12th street, where my buddy and I walked up to get those churros that one day.
- [14:37]
Hugo Spears
Key to good memory is often like how deep you're able to get that information in. So are you just like glancing at a street or are you looking at it, thinking that doesn't make sense? Why is that here? What's going on? Oh, there's something happening. The more you focus on the detail and things and think about it more deeply, the more like you are to form a memory of it that lasts.
- [14:56]
Andrew Limbong
To go back to an earlier example when Ben mentioned 295, the route that connects Baltimore to Washington D.C. those numbers, 295, they don't mean anything to me. I just know it as the highway I take when I have to drive into the main NPR offices in D.C. this process of connecting these ideas is called building a cognitive map.
- [15:16]
Hugo Spears
So not literally kind of being able to see a map, but just having an idea of where things are and how they're all connected. And that's used when you're sort of navigating somewhere you've recently been. You're just learning around, or maybe you've been there for some time, but you're having to really think about how different places are connected.
- [15:34]
Andrew Limbong
And you could help get more experience building this map by being the decision maker, says Mary.
- [15:39]
Mary Haggerty
If you're the decision maker, you know, making the decisions to turn right and turn left, you know, so actively exploring your environment is better than just say being the passenger, where, you know you are experiencing the same route as the driver but you're not making the decisions.
- [15:53]
Andrew Limbong
Hugo says pay extra attention to the intersections.
- [15:57]
Hugo Spears
What you need to do is pay a little more attention to the way the junctions are laid out and think, okay, if we go into that junction, it's not actually straight ahead, it's slightly to the right.
- [16:06]
Andrew Limbong
Also, the streets themselves can lay out a story for you. Here's Ben.
- [16:10]
Eric Glass
Most inner city grids have some semblance of streets and avenues where they're numbered, going one direction. And then this is where every city typically does it a little different. I lived in a city in Ogden, Utah, and they did presidents. So it was like instead of first, it was like Washington, which even if.
- [16:33]
Andrew Limbong
You don't know your presidents down pat, you have a general idea of where you are.
- [16:38]
Eric Glass
So like, you'll hit some president and be like, oh, well, Kennedy, that's way later. So I'm in the wrong part of town. That's kind of like knowing your city, knowing which ones are the north, south, which ones are the east, west, and you can follow those.
- [16:53]
Andrew Limbong
The next takeaway takeaway four is probably one of the simplest, which is as you travel in your day to day life, just look back, literally look behind.
- [17:02]
Mary Haggerty
You as you're navigating somewhere. You know, just turn around and look at where you came from every so often so that you know how to get back. I mean, that's something I use a lot while hiking. I'm taking a particular path, you know, sort of looking around and saying, okay, this is what it looks like when I know I have to turn, take the left path or something like that.
- [17:20]
Andrew Limbong
This works if you're going to a new place or if it's some restaurant you go to all the time.
- [17:25]
Hugo Spears
If you just sort of walk to the restaurant without looking behind you or taking in the environment. You'll just have a very like this is the views I saw when I went there, not some sort of more holistic understanding of what the space looks like. So it just helps to be a bit more curious about the space around you and what it looks like from different viewpoints.
- [17:44]
Andrew Limbong
Be more curious about the space around you is probably the big overall takeaway from all of this. Because we're not trying to be London cabbies, I assume it's a matter of simply being more confident in the space around you, which helps you stay calm if you do ever get lost, at which point just ask somebody, okay, Recap Time Takeaway 1 Get lost on purpose. When you've got the time, turn off your GPS and figure out your way back home. Or just walk around and explore a little. And while you do that takeaway 2 pick out big landmarks to orient your yourself. It helps if they're far away, also if they're distinct.
- [18:21]
Hugo Spears
Outside my office window I have a cylinder type tower. It's used like I cannot tell looking at it which way I'm facing because it looks the same from every direction. So that's an example of one that's not so useful.
- [18:33]
Andrew Limbong
It also helps if you've got a connection to those landmarks. Which brings us to takeaway 3 use narratives to help make connections between landmarks and roads and places you frequent. All of this will help bolster these places in your memory and Takeaway for Look back, turn around, see places from a different perspective and you'll have a better sense of both where they and you are.
- [18:57]
Marielle Segarra
That was NPR reporter Andrew Limbong. For more Life Kit, check out our other episodes. We have one on how to pack for a trip and another on how to be a great roommate. You can find those@npr.org LifeKit and if you love Life Kit and you want even more, subscribe to our newsletter@npr.org LifeKitnewsletter Also, we love hearing from you, so if you have episode ideas or feedback you want to share, email us@lifekitpr.org this episode of Life Kit was produced by Claire Marie Schneider. Our visuals editor is Beck Harlan, and our digital editor is Malika Gharib. Meghan Kean is our supervising editor and Beth Donovan is our executive producer. Our production team also includes Andy Tagle, Margaret Serino, Sylvie Douglas, and Sam Yellowhorse Kessler. Engineering support comes from Becky Brown. Special thanks to Pablo Fernandez Belasco, Nora Newcomb, Margaret Tirampi, and Daniel R. Montella. I'm Mariel Segarra thanks for listening.
- [20:03]
Charles Schwab
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