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Malika Garib (3:33)

So after I called my boss and told them I wasn't coming in, I went into my bedroom where I lost my passport and I turned it upside down. I remember feeling so overwhelmed that I wasn't looking carefully enough. That's exactly what you want to avoid when you're looking for a lost object. This is takeaway one. Your attention is like a spotlight and you need to be able to point it at the task at hand. To do that, you've gotta relax, which I know is the last thing you wanna hear when you've lost something important. Erin Robbins is a cognitive psychologist at the University of Richmond and she specializes in visual search. She says that stress clouds our ability to focus.

Erin Robbins (4:13)

Stress can have a couple of different types of effects on us. So imagine you're highly distracted because you're thinking about something that's coming up, like.

Malika Garib (4:21)

A big international trip that you're packing and getting ready for that type of distraction.

Erin Robbins (4:26)

That mental distraction is taking away attention or resources from the task at hand.

Malika Garib (4:31)

So I was already frazzled when I was handling my passport to begin with. Then I realized I lost it, which was my second layer of stress.

Erin Robbins (4:39)

In terms of visual processing, when you are stressed out, you have that sort of fight or flight response kicking in. That sympathetic nervous system is kicking into gear. Your heart is beating a little faster. You might get a little sweaty because you're anxious. What that does is it actually narrows your attention.

Malika Garib (5:00)

So if your attention is like a spotlight, you could increase the size of that beam or shrink it down. When it's narrow, it's almost like you're having tunnel vision. On one hand, that can be great. You're able to process your environment with a lot more detail, but you to.

Erin Robbins (5:14)

Some degree need your attention sort of expanded in order to get the gist of your search environment to know where to put that spotlight next.

Malika Garib (5:23)

So take a moment to widen that beat.

Erin Robbins (5:29)

It helps to take a breath, kind of calm the body down because it really is your body response to that stress that's causing that restriction and attention.

Malika Garib (5:39)

Once you've calmed down and centered yourself again, it's time to start hunting. Takeaway 2. If you've lost something Important, think about the features of the object that would really make it stand out in the environment. Aaron says it'll make your search easier and more efficient.

Erin Robbins (5:54)

When you are looking for objects, you're using a bunch of different cognitive processes in your brain, but the two most important ones our memory and attention.

Malika Garib (6:03)

You're going to rely on your memory to remind you what the lost object looks like and its likely location.

Erin Robbins (6:08)

Its visual features like color, shape, texture, size, memory for where the object is most likely going to be. And that information and memory is used to direct your attention.

Malika Garib (6:22)

Say you're looking for a white sedan in the parking lot. To find it, you're not going to look at every single car in the lot.

Erin Robbins (6:29)

Your attention is going to be directed to cars that are white, that are sedan shaped. You're going to skip over the black SUVs, and that helps you save time.

Malika Garib (6:38)

This is what scientists call attentional guidance. It's the process of moving your attention toward areas in your environment where you'd most likely find your object, including important features of your object and where you tend to keep the object. It's something we do all the time without even realizing it when we look for our toothbrush in the morning or favorite coffee mug. You only realize you're looking for something when it becomes challenging. For example, when you're looking for a white sedan in a parking lot full of white sedans.

Erin Robbins (7:08)

So in that case, you have to really think about what would make this object stand apart in the scene. What are some distinctive features of this object? Maybe you have a bumper sticker that sets it apart.

Malika Garib (7:21)

Erin used this tactic recently when she lost the back of a rose gold earring on a carpet in a similar color.

Erin Robbins (7:27)

So I had to think about, okay, what would set my earring apart from this carpet that would allow me to find it? Well, my earring is shiny. It would reflect light. And so as soon as I thought about that, like, almost instantly, I saw it.

Malika Garib (7:45)

Okay, so you've tried this technique and you still can't find what you're looking for. Time for takeaway 3. Think about the likely scenarios of how and where your object got lost. Damian Garcia is a metal detecting enthusiast. For more than a decade, he's been using his metal detector to help people where he lives in Northern California find their lost jewelry. In some pretty challenging environments. Parks, beaches, roads. His track record is impressive. Over the years, he says he's helped recover some 50 lost objects for folks. When people pay him to find a lost object, he charges around 25 to 35 bucks. A search. He starts off by asking them questions.

Damian Garcia (8:26)

Do you have any locations that you put it normally? Have you lost it before? Has it fallen off before while doing something? You know, some people say, oh, yeah, it always slips off when I'm in my car and I play with my. My ring while I'm driving.

Malika Garib (8:41)

Then he goes through typical ways people lose rings off their hand. He's got a lot of experience in the behavior of rings, as you can imagine.

Damian Garcia (8:49)

Did you throw anything away that day? Were you dealing with cold water? Did you put on lotion somewhere?

Malika Garib (8:56)

And one of my favorite ways that Damien helps people find their lost jewelry without the use of a metal detector is to recreate the scene.

Damian Garcia (9:04)

An example of that was is that a couple were pulled over to the side of the road, and she tossed the ring out in the passenger seat.

Malika Garib (9:12)

Side note, Damian says this scenario happens a lot. Couples get into an argument, and one of them takes off their wedding band and chucks it out the window. Anchor. But then they make up, and then they can't find where they threw their ring. So they contact Damien.

Damian Garcia (9:27)

And she kept going. It's right there. I threw it straight out the window right there.

Malika Garib (9:32)

Damien wondered, was it really right there? He wanted to test the theory. So he took a cheap ring, tied a long red ribbon onto it, and asked the woman to throw the ring out the window again, like she did with her wedding ring.

Damian Garcia (9:44)

Well, she threw it three times in a row, and it never went straight out the window like you would think. It went flying back behind the car because of her arm going out the window, makes her hand throw it towards the back of the car, so it went back about 20ft to the rear of the car, going a different direction.

Malika Garib (10:02)

Using this technique, he was able to find the women's ring. Yay, Damien. So the next time you lose something, try recreating the potential movement of the object. I should have done that with my passport. I could have taken something similar to it, like a little booklet or something, laid it on my bed the last place I saw it, and it could have ruffled the duvet cover down to see where something of that size and weight might have landed. Because where I ultimately found it was not that far from my bed, actually, more on the exact spot later. At this point in your search, you've probably looked in some pretty obvious places. Now it's time to change your perspective perspective and scour elsewhere. This is takeaway four. Michael Hout is a cognitive psychologist and the director of the Vision Sciences and Memory Lab at New Mexico State university. He specializes in how people find things and where and why people move their eyes. He was telling me about this experiment that one of his students did. She had participants look for objects in a campus courtyard, and she found that people tended only to look at the ground when they searched.

Michael Hout (11:10)

So they're not looking up, they're just kind of walking in a straight line and sweeping back and forth with their head and their eyes in front of them.

Malika Garib (11:19)

This is different from how search and rescue responders and law enforcement operate. These professionals scan their environment in 360 degrees.

Michael Hout (11:28)

That means looking down, looking up, looking left and right, crouching down to change your perspective, turning around to view things that weren't visible to you when you first approached them, he says.

Malika Garib (11:42)

If you've lost something, you need to engage in these kinds of perspective changing behaviors too. That also means looking in unexpected places. So if you can't find your keys in the places where you normally leave them, your purse, your pocket, the entryway table at the front door, you also.

Michael Hout (11:59)

Have to then sort of force yourself to look in the low probability areas. I think sometimes people put their keys in weird places or they drop them or some someone moves them.

Malika Garib (12:11)

Search and rescue responders use this technique when they look for missing persons in the wilderness. Instead of just looking on a trail for clues like footprints or a cell phone, they look up at the trees and off the beaten path.

Michael Hout (12:22)

A windbreaker that someone shed when they were getting hot, for example, might have been picked up by the wind and blown into a bush or a tree.

Malika Garib (12:32)

When I was looking for my passport, I actually checked inside the fridge. I know this sounds far fetched, but maybe I was holding it intending to put it in my backpack, got hungry and then brought it into the kitchen with me. No, I did not find it in the fridge, but it was still good that I did that. Anyway, this exercise is all about breaking out of the way you would normally search for something.

Michael Hout (12:56)

And that takes a little bit of additional effort to sort of force yourself out of out of the routine that you might automatically use to look for something.

Malika Garib (13:05)

More tips from Life Kit in a moment.

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Malika Garib (13:43)

If you've looked in some weird places and you still can't find your lost object, it's time to bust out a more serious search technique. Takeaway 5 Divide your space up into sections and then search each section thoroughly. Aaron says grid search, as it's called, is one form of systematic search. It's sometimes used in search and rescue as a last resort to find missing people. But it can also be a useful tool if you're looking for something in a messy room where your missing object's distinctive features may be hard to spot.

Erin Robbins (14:15)

It's going to be slow, less efficient, but it's going to ensure that you find the thing that you're looking for. And so in this case, you might imagine that your search environment, whether it's a room or an office space, is like a grid. And you want to cover each square in the grid, maybe top to bottom, left to right.

Malika Garib (14:32)

Aaron says the general idea is to come up with a strategy to be thorough without having to remember every location you've already looked at. You don't necessarily have to measure out a grid. Just imagine breaking down the search environment into smaller units, sections of a room, pieces of furniture. Then search those units in an order that makes sense to you. Aaron says you are likely going to forget where you searched, so have a way to remember the places you already sifted through. When I lost my passport in my bedroom, I deployed a similar strategy. I divided the room into sections and I put a post it note where I had already looked. Erin thought that was an excellent strategy. But did I find my passport with this method? No. Looking back on my journey to find my passport, I realize I did one thing right. I was persistent. That's our final takeaway. Takeaway 6 Be persistent. Darrell Ellis is head of A1 detective agency in Illinois. He's been a private investigator since 1996. His whole job is to find stuff, people to, say, serve them legal papers, but sometimes physical items like vintage cards and important documents. I asked him what it takes to be a good detective.

Erin Robbins (15:46)

If I had to use one word, I would say tenacity. It's my client asking me to do a performer service for him. And I try to do my best.

Malika Garib (15:58)

To.

Erin Robbins (16:00)

Locate anybody that they're requesting me to locate.

Malika Garib (16:03)

Darrell can spend hours doing surveillance, following targets, taking photos of them, logging their whereabouts, weeks tracking down information about the location of a specific individual.

Erin Robbins (16:13)

I mean, I'm looking for a gentleman now. I've been looking for her for a month and we've you know, pulled out all the resources, kind of locate them. Been to five or six addresses and he hasn't lived there.

Malika Garib (16:24)

Darrell says he'll keep looking as long as his clients want him to. But Damian says sometimes they give up before he does.

Damian Garcia (16:31)

Sometimes they don't have the patience. And they're, you know, an hour into it, two hours into it, and I'm on my hands and knees and crawling through bushes and stuff and they' looking at me like, you don't have to go anymore looking. And you don't, you know, they're kind of like, well, I guess it's gone. And I, I just tell them, no, no, I don't. I don't give up until I'm satisfied.

Malika Garib (16:59)

So if you've lost something you really care about, keep going. Don't lose hope. When I was looking for my passport, I remember sitting on my bed and looking around the room. At this point it was about 3pm and my brain was fried. There were post it notes everywhere. I'd emptied all the drawers in my cabinet to see if the passport was in there. And I just had this moment of clarity. The passport has to be near the bed. It has to be because that's where I last saw it. And I don't remember taking it anywhere else. So I pushed the mattress off the bed and where did I find it? Wedged between the wall of the bed and the side of the mattress. Hallelujah. Reflecting back on that wild, wild search, I truly believe that if I had these tips I just gave you, I would have found it a lot faster. And listen, if you don't find the object you're looking for, hold on to the fact that you tried really, really hard to find it. That's what Damian does.

Damian Garcia (17:56)

It may help to know that I did my best to look for it, you know, and not to spend time looking in areas that I have looked. And, you know, maybe it'll show up someday. Or if not, you know, you did the best you could.

Malika Garib (18:27)

Let's recap. Takeaway 1. Your attention is a spotlight. You need to be relaxed so you can widen your beam and stay focused on your search. Takeaway 2. Speed up your search by identifying the qualities of your missing object that make it stand out from the environment. Takeaway 3. Search the obvious. Think about the likely scenarios of how and why your object might have gotten lost to begin with and where it might be. Takeaway 4. Change your perspective. Professional finders, like search and rescue responders, don't just look at the floor. They look behind. They look above and they look off the beaten path. Takeaway 5 Create a systematic way of searching for your lost object. Divide your room into a grid, search each square thoroughly and use post it notes to mark where you've already looked. And finally, takeaway 6 don't give up. Be persistent, just like our detective and our metal detecting enthusiast, and you'll hopefully find what you're looking for.

Marielle Segarra (19:26)

That was Life Kit's digital editor, Malika Greeb. For more Life Kit, check out our other episodes. We've got one on improving your sense of direction and another on strengthening your memory. You can find those@npr.org LifeKit and if you love Life Kit and you just cannot get enough, subscribe to our newsletter@npr.org LifeKitnewsletter Also, we love hearing from you, so if you have episode ideas or feedback you want to share, if you email us@lifekitpr.org this episode of Life Kit was produced by Margaret Serino. Our visuals editor is Beck Harlan, Meghan Keane is the supervising editor and Beth Donovan is our executive producer. Our production team also includes Andy Tagle, Claire Marie Schneider and Sylvie Douglas. Engineering support comes from Patrick Murray.

Malika Garib (20:08)

I'm Mariel Segarra. Thanks for listening. Foreign.

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