Arnab Datta (Employ America) and Alex Turnbull (investor and long-time critical minerals practitioner) sit down with Howard Klein to unpack the policy shift now underway in Washington on critical minerals, rare earths, and battery materials.

Chapters

(00:00) The Market Stabilization Gap
(03:08) Prioritizing Key Minerals
(05:14) Guests and Their Focus
(10:31) Why Volatility Blocks Investment
(15:44) Project Vault and Forge Overview
(21:04) Processing Limits and Stockpiling
(26:46) SECURE Minerals Act Explained
(30:09) Why a New Corporation Model
(35:39) Path to Passing the Bill
(39:36) What to Include and Why Lithium
(44:02) How the Reserve Would Intervene
(47:56) China-U.S. Supply Chain Strategy
(54:30) Demand Challenges and Oversupply
(58:24) Wrap-Up

Over the past several weeks, the U.S. conversation has moved from whether government should intervene to how—with new tools emerging across trade, finance, permitting reform, allied supply chains, and stockpiling. We discuss the rollout of Project Vault and the broader Forge effort, alongside recent congressional momentum on supply-side legislation.

The focus of this interview is the “missing layer” in the U.S. toolkit: market stabilization. Long-cycle mineral supply chains don’t fail only because of permitting delays—they fail because extreme price volatility can crush investment in downturns and create affordability and security risks in upswings. Arnab and Alex explain why China’s influence isn’t just about overcapacity, but also about control of pricing benchmarks and market infrastructure.

We then dive into the SECURE Minerals Act and its proposal for a Strategic Resiliency Reserve—a standing institution designed to stabilize critical minerals markets across cycles, rather than reacting after disruptions occur. We explore how a resiliency reserve could complement (not compete with) initiatives like Project Vault, and why lithium may be the most practical first test case.

If you’re tracking U.S. industrial policy, supply chain security, battery metals, and the evolving U.S.–China dynamic in critical minerals, this discussion is a useful framework for understanding what’s changing—and what still needs to be built.

Topics covered

• Project Vault, FORGE, and the expanding U.S. critical minerals toolkit
• Why price volatility is a core bottleneck for investment and supply growth
• China’s role in supply, processing, and benchmark pricing infrastructure
• SECURE Minerals Act and the Strategic Resiliency Reserve concept
• Why lithium and magnet materials are central to electrification and defense
• The demand question: EV incentives, AI energy demand, and commercial scale