I sat down with Dr. Patrick Donovan, PT, DPT, founder of Heather Lane PT, to dig into physical capacity for Longevity. It is one of the biggest things people fear losing as they age, and yet most of us wait until something breaks before we do anything about it. We walk through his Capacity Compass framework covering the 6 domains of physical health everyone needs to proactively manage to ensure they can live the life they want well into their golden years.

Where to find our guest, Dr. Patrick Donovan, PT, DPT:

Website | https://www.heatherlanept.com/

Instagram | https://www.instagram.com/drdonovan_healthspan/

Facebook: | https://www.facebook.com/people/Heather-Lane-Physical-Therapy-and-Wellness/61561488149188/

Where to find us:

Website | https://vitaveda.health

Youtube | https://www.youtube.com/@vitavedahealth

Twitter / X | https://x.com/drprilongevity

Newsletter | https://substack.com/@vitavedahealth

Instagram | https://www.instagram.com/drprilongevity/

Timestamps

00:00:00 – Introduction to proactive physical therapy

00:14:37 – The Capacity Compass: 6 metrics that help extend health span

00:17:50 - Strength: Upper vs. lower body & real-world goals

00:24:03 - Mobility: Squats, lunges & joint range of motion

00:33:04 - Balance: What's at stake & how to test it

00:39:11 - Endurance & cardiorespiratory fitness

00:44:25 - Gait & walking speed

00:49:54 - Chronic condition management

00:59:47 - How often should you check in?

01:03:28 - Virtual Physical Therapy: Access and effectiveness

The 6 Domains of the Capacity Compass

1. Strength

Definition
- This is your capacity to get up from a chair, get off the floor, carry groceries, climb stairs, and move your own body weight through daily life without needing to hold on, compensate, or ask for help.
Importance for longevity
- Required for nearly every daily functional demand like getting out of a car, picking something up off the floor, and walking up stairs with bags. When body strength declines and goes unaddressed, the downstream effects compound: gait slows, balance deteriorates, and activities get quietly dropped from life.
Key tests:
- 5x Sit-to-Stand:
  - Sit in a standard chair with arms crossed over your chest. Stand up fully and sit back down 5 times without using your hands.
- Floor Get-Up:
  - Lower yourself all the way to the floor and stand back up without touching a wall, chair, or other surface.
Other important info:
- The goal is to work backward from what you want your 75 or 80-year-old life to look like and build enough reserve now that you never fall below that threshold.
- Strength gains take 8 to 16 weeks to establish, so the earlier you build the habit of maintaining it, the more buffer you have.
- Upper body strength is relevant but secondary to lower body strength in the Capacity Compass unless you have specific overhead goals (competitive swimming, getting luggage into an overhead compartment). When it is tested, the progression is: counter pushup, chair pushup, floor pushup.
- A common misconception is that strength training requires a gym. Most functional strength work can be done at home with bodyweight and household objects.

2. Mobility

Definition:
- The ability to move your joints through their full range of motion, without load (unweighted) and under load (weighted).
- Mobility includes the control and stability you have throughout that range, particularly when force is applied.
Importance for Longevity
- When mobility is lost the risk of injury dramatically increases, which may lead to irrecoverable loss of function.
Key tests:
- Goblet Squat:
  - Hold a light weight (around 15 lbs) at chest height. Squat until your hips drop below your knees, butt toward heels.
- Inline Lunge:
  - Step forward and lower your back knee toward the ground, ensuring there is no forward trunk lean or other deviations.
Other important info:
- Shoulder mobility deserves specific attention. Desk posture and prolonged sitting collapse this. The result is restricted shoulder range that most people attribute to the shoulder itself, not the spine.
- When weight is added to mobility tests, compensations become immediately visible, so if they are too easy add light weight.

3. Balance

Definition:
- The ability to maintain control of your body's position - both statically and dynamically
Importance for Longevity:
- Major risk factor for falls and injuries
- Feeling unconfident here leads to psychological harm and avoidance of socializing
Key tests:
- Single-Leg Stand:
  - Stand on one leg. Target for younger adults is 60 seconds.
- Single-Stair Hop:
  - Hop up one step on one leg and land without using the railing. This tests power, reaction time, and dynamic stability all at once.
Other important info:
- For young folks, try balance tests with your eyes closed
- Make sure to test both static and dynamic balance - both are critical for injury prevention, and they don’t necessarily overlap
- At higher fitness levels, balance and strength begin to overlap significantly. For example, a single-leg Romanian deadlift is simultaneously a strength exercise and a balance challenge.

4. Gait / Walking Speed

Definition:
- How fast and efficiently you walk,
- Measured in two ways: self-selected speed (comfortable, natural pace) and fast speed (urgent, maximum walking pace).
Importance for Longevity:
- There is a lot of evidence tying gait speed to lifespan
- For healthspan your ability to walk confidently and comfortably is key for many enjoyable activities and socialization
Key tests:
- Two-Pace Test:
  - Walk at your "grocery store" pace - comfortable, like you're navigating a parking lot. Then walk at your "catch the bus" pace - fast, urgent. The difference between those two speeds is the main data point.
Other important info:
- If you are young, track it consistently so you notice any deviation right away

5. Cardiovascular Endurance

Definition:
- The capacity of the heart, lungs, and circulatory system to sustain physical effort over time.
Importance for Longevity:
- VO2 max is the main metric that has a lot of data tying VO2 max levels to lifespan
- From a functionality standpoint, higher cardiopulmonary endurance allows you to do more physical activities and sustain them for longer
Key tests:
- Formal VO2 max testing
  - Done in a laboratory with a breath mask on a treadmill or a stationary bike
- Stair Climb Test:
  - Walk up flights of stairs at a steady pace and count how many you can complete before needing to stop and catch your breath. Most people have never done this deliberately.
  - That number, wherever it is...