Was the Apostle Paul Torah-observant — not just before the Damascus road, but throughout his apostleship to the nations? Brad East stakes out a thesis drawn from Messianic Judaism and the Paul Within Judaism school: that Acts 21 should be read straight, that James is telling the truth about Paul, and that Genesis 12 and 17 still bind Jewish believers. Derek Rishmawy and Alastair Roberts push back hard, working through Galatians 2, 1 Corinthians 9, and the question of whether the law's force after Christ is divine command or Hookerian adiaphora — with the future of Jewish identity in the church in view.

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Chapters

00:00 - Welcome and the Disclaimer
01:00 - The Thesis: Paul Remained Torah-Observant
01:34 - Messianic Judaism and Paul Within Judaism
04:29 - Acts 21: Is Paul Lying or Walking the Law?
08:04 - Alastair's First Move: Affirming, Not Practicing
10:33 - A Law You Need Not Obey Is Not a Law
12:17 - Law as Covenant vs. Law as Instruction
15:34 - Circumcision as the Test Case
16:13 - Adiaphora, Hooker, and Binding Authority
17:40 - 1 Corinthians 9 Enters the Conversation
18:08 - The Halakhic Question: Should Elders Discipline?
21:11 - Acts 15 and Internally Differentiated Norms
23:13 - Alastair on Existing Authorities and Custom
26:36 - The Canonical Vision: Revelation 7
29:50 - Adiaphora's Sociological Problem
33:22 - Galatians 2: What Was Peter Doing?
38:18 - Permission vs. Prohibition
41:04 - Why Reduce Genesis 12–17 to Local Custom?
44:02 - Baptism, Circumcision, and Covenant Signs
47:55 - Does God Want Jews in the World?
50:10 - Providence and the Future Conversion
56:42 - One Body in Christ and the Complementarian Parallel
57:08 - Reinterpreting "Under the Law"
1:01:18 - Difference Without Division
1:04:13 - The Empirical Problem for Both Views
1:07:51 - Reading Our Situation Back into Paul
1:10:46 - Closing