The Killing of Brian Thompson and the Human Cost of Healthcare with Jia Tolentino

Summary

Money Rehab with Nicole Lapin

Episode: The Killing of Brian Thompson and the Human Cost of Healthcare with Jia Tolentino
Release Date: December 18, 2024

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Introduction

In this compelling episode of Money Rehab with Nicole Lapin, executive producer Morgan Lavoy steps in to discuss a harrowing incident that intertwines the complexities of the American healthcare system with personal tragedy. The episode delves into the murder of Brian Thompson, CEO of UnitedHealthcare, and explores the broader implications of a broken healthcare infrastructure in the United States. Jia Tolentino, a staff writer at The New Yorker and author of Trick Mirror, joins the conversation to provide her insightful analysis.

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The Tragic Death of Brian Thompson

The episode opens with Morgan Lavoy addressing the community about the shocking murder of Brian Thompson on December 4th in Midtown Manhattan at 6:44 am. Thompson, aged 50, was not only a father of two but also the CEO of UnitedHealthcare—the insurance company infamous for its high claim denial rates.

Morgan Lavoy [00:16]:
"Today we're going to talk about health insurance. We're talking about this today because on December 4th, Brian Thompson was murdered in Midtown Manhattan at 6:44 am he was 50 years old."

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Gia Tolentino on the Intersection of Personal and Public Discourse

Gia Tolentino shares her motivations for writing about Thompson’s death, highlighting the stark contrast between private conversations and public discourse surrounding the incident. She emphasizes the societal divide in discussing sensitive issues like healthcare.

Gia Tolentino [01:27]:
"There's a big difference in the way people are talking about this in private and the way that they're talking about it in public... the reaction was so sharp."

Tolentino points out the unsettling juxtaposition of somber public acknowledgments with the flippant reactions on social media, illustrating the deep-seated frustrations with the healthcare system.

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UnitedHealthcare: A Case Study in Healthcare Flaws

The discussion transitions to an in-depth analysis of UnitedHealthcare, shedding light on its notorious reputation within the American healthcare landscape. Tolentino describes the company as "the most rapacious," noting its high profitability despite widespread claim denials.

Gia Tolentino [06:31]:
"It is notorious... the most rapacious. And it has gotten these profits, these record profits... because of that fact."

Morgan Lavoy provides further context by explaining UnitedHealthcare’s dominance in the market, its high claim denial rate of 32%, and the implications of such practices. The conversation highlights the use of flawed algorithms like Navi Health, which has a reported error rate of 90%, leading to denied necessary medical care and, tragically, deaths.

Morgan Lavoy [06:36]:
"UnitedHealthcare has the highest claim denial rate of any private insurance company. It denies 32% of claims... in 2023, a class action lawsuit alleges that Navi Health has a known error rate of 90%."

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The Human Cost of a Broken System

Tolentino expands on the concept of structural violence, explaining how systemic issues in healthcare lead to premature deaths and socioeconomic disparities. She draws parallels between direct physical violence and the more insidious impacts of inadequate healthcare access.

Gia Tolentino [09:38]:
"Structural violence... denial of healthcare and denial of safe housing... these are a lot of ways that people's lives are taken away from them."

This segment underscores the pervasive nature of healthcare inequities, where even without overt violence, millions face life-threatening challenges due to systemic failures.

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Public Outrage and the Call for Change

The conversation shifts to public reactions and the potential for political and systemic change. Tolentino references case studies like Daniel Penney’s acquittal and historical events such as the Sacco and Vanzetti case to illustrate the recurring themes of injustice and the public's response.

Gia Tolentino [12:35]:
"This energy belongs in other places other than group texts... I hope that the conversation about this is alive for longer."

She emphasizes the need for a nationwide referendum on single-payer healthcare and criticizes the current political climate for failing to harness widespread populist economic energy aimed at addressing these deep-rooted issues.

Gia Tolentino [17:12]:
"I do think now would be a really wonderful time if this country's political process functioned enough that we could have sort of like a nationwide referendum on single payer healthcare."

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Potential Solutions and Future Outlook

Tolentino advocates for systemic reforms, arguing that the immense wealth and technological advancements in the U.S. should enable universal healthcare access. She calls for the healthcare industry, particularly leaders like those at UnitedHealthcare, to relinquish indifference towards patient suffering in favor of ethical practices that prioritize human well-being over profits.

Gia Tolentino [17:53]:
"Who's going to drop their indifference first?... while achieving record quarterly profits for your stakeholders in perpetuity."

Lavoy concludes by acknowledging the weight of the issues discussed and the necessity of separating individual tragedies from systemic critiques to foster meaningful change.

Morgan Lavoy [12:16]:
"Acknowledging this head on pushes the conversation back into the feedback loop of criticism... but it's perfectly acceptable in this complicated time we're living in to feel the weight of Brian Johnson's death and the weight of the harm people have endured through not having access to affordable health care."

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Conclusion

This episode of Money Rehab serves as a profound examination of the intertwined nature of personal loss and systemic failure within the American healthcare system. Through the insightful dialogue between Morgan Lavoy and Jia Tolentino, listeners are encouraged to reflect on the human cost of financial and structural inequities, advocating for a more compassionate and equitable approach to healthcare.

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Notable Quotes:

• Gia Tolentino [01:27]:
  "The mainstream media... social media is just full of... it just struck me as really interesting that the like, the reaction was so sharp."

• Morgan Lavoy [05:53]:
  "Thompson's death, his murder is a difficult topic to cover... I'm trying to do, and I hope you'll do with me, is separate the ends and the means."

• Gia Tolentino [09:38]:
  "Structural violence... denial of safe housing... these are a lot of ways that people's lives are taken away from them."

• Gia Tolentino [17:53]:
  "Who's going to drop their indifference first?... while achieving record quarterly profits for your stakeholders in perpetuity."

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This detailed exploration not only sheds light on a tragic event but also serves as a call to action for reforming the healthcare system to prevent such losses in the future.

Transcript

[Nicole Lapin]

I'm Nicole Lapin, the only financial expert. You don't need a dictionary to understand. It's time for some money rehab.

[Morgan Lavoy]

It's Morgan, the EP of the show, filling in for Nicole this week while she's on mat leave. Today we're going to talk about health insurance. We're talking about this today because on December 4th, Brian Thompson was murdered in Midtown Manhattan at 6:44am he was 50 years old. He played golf and wordle. He had two sons. He was also the CEO of United Healthcare, the health insurance company with the highest rate of claim denials in the industry.

[Gia Tolentino]

So, Gia, at what point did you think to yourself, I have to write about this?

That's a good question.

[Morgan Lavoy]

That's Gia Tolentino. Gia is a staff writer at the New Yorker and the New York Times bestselling author of a collection of essays titled Trick Mirror. In an interview on the podcast We Can Do Hard Things with Glennon Doyle, Doyle said that if the news is ever dark or complicated, she asks herself her own version of what would Jesus do? Which is what will Gia write about this? And I find myself doing the same thing in moments like this. Gia wrote a piece in the New Yorker about what Brian Thompson's death means to America. It's an amazing piece and I linked it in the show notes so you can read it if you haven't already. Here she is on why she wrote it.

[Gia Tolentino]

I think this has been an incredibly interesting story in part because I don't know if you have felt this within your own sort of group chats versus professional networks, but there's, there's a big difference in the way people are talking about this in private and the way that they're talking about it in public. And that always strikes me as the ripe situation for someone to try to step in and merge them. I mean, I remember I was covering sexual assault like the couple of years pre. Me too, and, and afterwards, because that felt like, you know, another thing where there was this large social understanding of something being the way that it is, and then with the sort of public discourse lagging behind it and then an explosive event that tried to merge the two. And I was interested in that. You know, the mainstream media, of which I am a part, and politicians, everyone was giving these very sort of performatively somber and reverent sort of like, this is an appalling, inexplicable, devastating loss of human life. And then, you know, social media is just full of, you know, the United Healthcare had to close comments on Facebook and there were Thousands and thousands of like haha, cry, laugh, emoji. It just struck me as really interesting that the like, the reaction was so, was so sharp.

Were there any of the sort of memes or comments that people were posting before the Facebook was shut down that are like burned into your mind?

I would say the most common joke, you know, and it's, it's, you know, even talking to you about this, it's, it's nuts that we're having this conversation like oh well, the, the most common joke that was being made about this man that was murdered in Midtown at 6:45am or whatever. Like it's, it's wild. We're living in wild, wild times. But an incredibly common joke and comment that was everywhere. And I was checking like I was checking conservative media outlets comments. I was checking sort of like a down the road cnn. I was checking the New York Post, I was checking the Times, I was checking TikTok. I was really trying to make sure that I was not locked in my own bubble of maybe like disaffected DSA Brooklyn or you know, people and, and, and everywhere people were using the cold language that the private health insurance industry uses to deny people medication and life saving procedures like thoughts and prayers were not prior authorized and denied. And it was a real reminder that of the way most of us have experienced these companies as cold and uninterested in not only our quality of life, but you know, know, if we haven't experienced it ourselves, probably most of us know someone whose entire existence medically, if not their existence financially and certainly their existence spiritually, egg freezing, whatever it is, right? Ivf, endometriosis, you know, whatever it may be. The vast majority of Americans have experienced health insurance as more or less cold blooded merchants of violence in some way. And the way that that was just instantly flipped back onto this news story was so striking.

[Morgan Lavoy]

Thompson's death, his murder is a difficult topic to cover. It's difficult because there are two truths that feel mutually exclusive. Brian Thompson should not have been killed. And the health care system in the United States is broken. If you acknowledge that second truth, some say it's disrespectful to Thompson's family or it validates this really violent act. And I do understand that criticism, but I think that reaction comes from an assumption. The assumption is anyone who is talking about the flaws in the healthcare system right now is arguing that the ends justify the means. That in this case the endspeople looking critically at the broken healthcare system in the United States is justifying the Murder of Brian Thompson. I want to be clear, that's not what I'm doing today. I'm going to be talking about the healthcare industry, what the stakes are and how we can have a better system. But I'm not debating whether. Whether the ends justify the means. I'll tell you personally, I think Thompson's death is terrible and tragic. But what I'm trying to do, and I hope you'll do with me, is separate the ends and the means to acknowledge that killing is always wrong, but also to look at how we got here, how we might be able to fix what is clearly very broken in the healthcare system.

[Gia Tolentino]

You don't have to have any sort of ideology at all to think, like, why? Why is this happening to, you know, to get a bill from urgent care and say, like, why, why, why, why? Why do I pay thousands and thousands and thousands of dollars for private healthcare? Why do I determine my entire employment life around how to get healthcare for myself and my family? And I'm. And I'm getting billed $700 for taking a child with 105 degree fever to the ER. You know, like, why is my bill, before Insurance discounted it $150,000 for labor and delivery? Right.

[Morgan Lavoy]

So let's rewind. Let's talk about what we know about United Healthcare.

[Gia Tolentino]

It is notorious. Even within the sort of notoriously awful American healthcare system, it is kind of known as the most rapacious. And it has gotten these profits, these record profits. It has grown to this size, not in spite of the fact that it denies so much care to so many people, but because of that fact.

[Morgan Lavoy]

UnitedHealthcare is part of the health insurance conglomerate UnitedHealth Group, which is the fifth largest company in the United States by revenue and the largest insurance company in the United States. It's also the largest provider of Medicare Advantage, which is a type of health insurance you might get if you're over 65. UnitedHealth Group is a public company and their stock is up 63% compared to its price five years ago. In Jia's piece, she notes that UnitedHealthcare has the highest claim denial rate of any private insurance company. It denies 32% of claims. Claim denial is a profitability driver for healthcare companies. When Thompson was killed, he was actually headed into an investor conference. In that conference, claim denial rate was likely going to be a topic of discussion. In fact, according to Vox, the most watched number on every earnings call for an insurance company is the medical loss ratio, which is the percentage of premiums that are spent on paying out claims shareholders want to see that number low, but patients, of course, would want to see that number high. If the number is higher than expected, the share price of the stock can suffer. JIHA also points out that one driver of UnitedHealth's high claim denials is a software they use called Navi Health, which is an algorithm that provides care recommendations for patients, including when care is no longer necessary after a surgery or illness. In 2023, a class action lawsuit alleges that Navi Health has a known error rate of 90%. This means that many people have had to face the choice of either going without care that they, by statistic likelihood, actually need, or pay out of pocket. In the class action lawsuit, there are many stories of people going without the care they need and dying shortly thereafter. Today, the parent company UnitedHealth Group is valued at $560 billion. UnitedHealthcare made $281 billion in revenue in 2023. The outstanding amount of medical debt in the United States is $220 billion. Medical debt is, in fact, the leading cause of bankruptcy in the United States. The American Journal of Public health found that 66% of bankruptcies in the United States were due to medical problems. I should note here that we do have resources for anyone struggling with medical debt, and I've linked those in the show notes. The fact that claim denials are so common makes this a blatant socioeconomic inequality issue. If it costs more money to heal to get care to live, wealthier Americans can live longer, healthier lives than poor Americans.

[Gia Tolentino]

So one of the things that I was writing about in this New Yorker piece is that when we think about violence and when we sort of decry violence, it's a very particular kind of violence. It's direct physical violence caused by a person with an intention to harm. But there are a lot of other ways that people's lives are taken prematurely. There's a lot of ways that people's lives are taken away from them. And structural violence, you could also call that social injustice. But structural violence, like the denial of healthcare and denial of safe housing, it's like these are a lot of ways that people's lives are taken away from them. I think those of us who are not subject to it on a daily basis still kind of understand the major things through which people's quality of life or life itself is given, like health, housing, school, the environment. All of these things are structured by deeply unjust systems that spare some people and treat almost everyone, like very, very, very badly. And yeah, and I do Think people are talking about that more now?

[Morgan Lavoy]

Yeah, yeah.

[Gia Tolentino]

I thought one of the really interesting things that you said about that, but also how people are seeing it the same way from both sides of the aisle is everyone's pointing at this and saying social decay, but the origin, they're sort of pointing at different places. Like, some people are pointing at the killing itself. Some people are pointing at all of the comments online that seemed heartless. And some people are pointing upstream and talking more about the structural violence that has happened long before.

You know, and obviously it's clear which side I fall on, right? It's like, why wouldn't you look upstream? And you're right. It's like even where people are, like the. This sort of heartlessness, right? What heartlessness are we appalled by? You know, and even in the case of the, you know, there's a strange parallel. Daniel Penney just got acquitted for strangling Jordan Neely on the subway. Right. And that ideologically lines up with my. My priors. Like, I am appalled that this man strangled, like someone in the middle of the crisis and, you know, instantly became a folk hero among some conservatives. And I think this was something that, like the protests in 2020, like, they tried really hard to redirect us. Like, yes, this sort of murder that occurred in public is, you know, it's egregious, committed by one man, like one police officer, one vigilante, ex marine, whatever it is. But the real problem, you know, like, the real problem is, is upstream. The real thing to be outraged about is the system, you know, which is not just like the New York City mental health care system, but it's part of it that makes it possible for people to be so unsafe and feel so unsafe and thus then make other people feel unsafe. You know, I do understand the tendency to fixate at the end point, but it doesn't make sense if you think about it for any longer than that.

[Morgan Lavoy]

Acknowledging this head on pushes the conversation back into the feedback loop of criticism. But again, I think it's perfectly acceptable in this complicated time we're living in to feel the weight of Brian Johnson's death and the weight of the harm people have endured through not having access to affordable health care.

[Gia Tolentino]

It kind of reminds me of the Sacco and Vanzetti case. Like, there were these two young men that were part of this violent, overtly violent Italian anarchist sort of collective, just a group in New York in the 20s, and they were wrongfully convicted for an armed robbery and all these things, but they became these sort of folk Heroes and they became this sort of famous cause. I just think it's interesting, Interesting. Whenever there's a clear reason to talk about something like the healthcare system, where we all know, like, this doesn't make sense, this doesn't happen in places other than America. It's like school shootings, right? It's like these things that we know are so, are so profoundly hideous and so profoundly American and we feel kind of powerless to do anything about it. And like, it'll never ever change. And maybe it will never ever change, but these moments where everyone suddenly is talking about the morality of private health insurance and the immorality of it, you know, it would be a lot better if someone hadn't had to be murdered to make this happen. But you know, and of course, like, this is exactly what presumably, I mean, you know, who knows what the shooter wanted? And you hate to sort of think like, oh, like, I'm happy about the thing happening that he wanted to happen aside from the murder. But I do think we ought to be talking about all these things more. And this energy belongs in other places other than group texts where we're, you know, like, literally I'm two of my friends being like, oh yeah, I'm having endo surgery and my insurance won't cover it. And like, oh, I can't freeze my eggs until 2025 because the pre approval has to come in three days before my period and I was one day too early. You know, like, it's when we're like, oh, you know, these assholes like, oh, my prescription just went up to 500. You know, the people I'm talking to are all people like, we'll be fine. It's not going to drive us into bankruptcy. And the lot of people cope with this is just to not get the medical care or start a GoFundMe. And I, I hope that the conversation about this is, is alive for. For longer.

[Morgan Lavoy]

So that's what people are feeling right now. And it's notably been across the aisle.

[Gia Tolentino]

I think there are many sort of populist economic issues that are presented as leftist when they're not. I read this book last year called Limitarianism and it talks about this, this study from 2011 where researchers asked people to choose between three different models for wealth distrib country. And the first choice was perfect equality, that every quintile had 20% of the wealth. The second choice was each quintile receiving successively like the top 20% has 36% of the wealth, next has 21%, next has 18 next has 15%, next has 11%. And the last option was the actual wealth distribution of America in 2005, which meant that the first quintile, the top 20%, had 84% of the wealth. The second quintile had 11% of the wealth. The third quintile had four, and the last two had basically nothing. And 92% of respondents chose the second option. And we are so far from it. And so I'm always like, there is so much. There is so much populist economic energy that is not being harnessed by any person that I can see. Again, it's presented as this sort of like leftist plank, but it's. The energy exists everywhere anyway. I think economically it makes no sense for there to be a class of people making tens of million dollars a year off of the backs of people who are struggling. And in this case, very, very directly, and in a case where the company is itself causing the struggling or failing to address it in the way that they could. There is money out there to give everybody health care. We have the wealth in this country. We have the technology, we have the ability. There's no reason, there's no reason why people should be dying for. Because they can't pay for insulin. There's no reason that that should happen in this country. And I think most people agree that, you know, the situation we're in is unjust.

[Morgan Lavoy]

Yeah, yeah.

[Gia Tolentino]

During COVID I watched TV shows that got really hyped up that I had missed, like Game of Thrones and I watched Breaking Bad. I had sort of missed the trade on that by many years, but I had heard of it and I knew so many people were big fans. And what was so shocking to me at first was that people just sort of accepted the premise that somebody got a terminal illness and had to cook meth in order to provide for his own healthcare costs.

[Morgan Lavoy]

It's crazy.

[Gia Tolentino]

If the show were to take place in Canada, it would have been a very boring show. It would have been one episode and he would have got chemo and it would have been fine.

[Morgan Lavoy]

So because this outrage does seem to be across the aisle, can we expect a solution from the government to fix the broken health care system?

[Gia Tolentino]

I think now would be a really wonderful time if this country's political process functioned enough that we could have sort of like a nationwide referendum on single payer healthcare. I do think, think the numbers might be quite different right now than they were two weeks ago. And I do think that the Democrats in general would be profoundly foolish to not push public universal healthcare. As a primary plank in 2028? I don't think they will, but I think that's, I mean, what does this show us if not that? That that's a layup, you know.

[Morgan Lavoy]

And lastly, can we expect a solution from the healthcare industry and United Healthcare itself? I'll leave you with an excerpt from Gia's piece.

[Gia Tolentino]

Of course, the solution in the end can't be indifference. Not indifference to the death of the CEO and not the celebration of it either. But who's going to drop their indifference first? At this point, it's not going to be the people who have a lifetime of evidence that health insurance CEOs do not care about their well being. Can the CEO class drop its indifference to the suffering and death of ordinary people? Is it possible to do so while achieving record quarterly profits for your stakeholders in perpetuity? Foreign.

[Nicole Lapin]

Rehab is a production of Money News Network. I'm your host, Nicole Lapin. Money Rehab's Executive producer is Morgan Lavoy. Our researcher is Emily Holmes. Do you need some money Rehab? And let's be honest, we all do. So email us your Money questions money rehaboneynewsnetwork.com to potentially have your questions answered on the show or even have a one on one intervention with me. And follow us on Instagram, MoneyNews and TikTokoneyNewsNetwork for exclusive video content. And lastly, thank you. No, seriously, thank you. Thank you for listening and for investing in yourself, which is the most important investment you can make. This episode is brought to you by Progressive Insurance. Do you ever think about switching insurance companies to see if you could save some cash? Progressive makes it easy to see if you can save when you bundle your home and auto policies. Try [e-mail] Progressive Casualty Insurance Company and affiliates. Potential savings will vary. Not available in all states.