From about 1910 to 1912, an alarming number of axe murders were occurring across the American South and Southwest. Though many would speculate as to the identity of perpetrator, including the theory that a single individual was responsible, many of these murders would remain unsolved and contribute to macabre urban legends that endure to this day. In New Orleans, however, the brutal axe murders of at least five Black families in 1911 and 1912 are attributed to Clementine Barnabet, an African American teenager who confessed to the crimes.

Despite having confessed to as many as thirty-five murders, and having been convicted and incarcerated for one, the veracity of Barnabet’s claim has long been in doubt. Tried and convicted on very little evidence, Barnabet’s story changed many times following her arrest and eventually came to include sensational and highly questionable claims of her belonging to a Voodoo religious sect that engaged in human sacrifice. Not only were these claims unsupported by any real evidence, but they also suggested the girl may have been suffering from profound mental illness and had nothing whatsoever to do with the murders in and around New Orleans. But if Clementine Barnabet wasn’t the killer, why did she confess to such brutal, wicked crimes?

Thank you to the incredible Dave White or Bring Me the Axe Podcast for research!

References

Crowley Daily Signal. 1911. "Brutal murder of negro family is discovered in West Crowley." Crowley Daily Signal, Janaury 26: 1.

—. 1909. "Rayne scene of brutal murder." Crowley Daily Signal, November 13: 1.

—. 1911. "Six murdered in Lafayette." Crowley Daily Signal, November 27: 1.

Crowley Signal. 1911. "Negro murderer was convicted." Crowley Signal, October 28: 5.

Fort Wayne News. 1912. "Seventeen murders were confessed to." Fort Wayne News, October 25: 17.

Lafayette Advertiser. 1912. "Clementine Barnabet sane." Lafayette Advertiser, October 22: 4.

—. 1911. "Horrible crime." Lafayette Advertiser, February 28: 1.

Monroe News-Star. 1911. "Butchery of human beings." Monroe News-Star, November 28: 1.

—. 1912. "Sacrifice sext slaughter 26." Monroe News-Star, January 23: 1.

New Iberia Enterprise and Independent Observer. 1913. "Blood lust cut out of Clementine Barnabet." New Iberia Enterprise and Independent Observer, August 9: 1.

Osborne, Jeffery. 2012. Preventing Lethal Violence Neighborhood by Neighborhood; Proceedings of the 2012 Homicide Research Working Group Annual Symposium. Conference Proceedings, New York, NY: Homicide Research Working Group.

The Times. 1912. "Five negroes are murdered in a Lake Charles cottage." The Times, January 22: 1.

—. 1912. "Gives names of 3 of "ax gang"." The Times, April 3: 1.

—. 1912. "Negro woman confessed to slaying 20." The Times, April 2: 1.

The Times-Democrat. 1912. "Amplifies confession." The Times-Democrat, April 4: 6.

Times-Democrat. 1912. "Blood and brain from living person spattered girl's clothes." Times-Democrat, January 18: 2.

Unknown. 1912. "Voodoo's horrors break out again." Atalanta Journal, March 11: 50.

Weekly Iberian. 1912. "Hoodoo doctor arrested and identified by Clementine Burke." Weekly Iberian, April 13: 2.

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Episode 578: Clementine Barnabet & The Church of the Sacrifice & The Louisiana Axe Murders