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Notes The two textbooks used in this class are: Brand, L., Chadwick, A (2016). Faith, reason, and earth history: a paradigm of earth and biological origins by intelligent design (3rd ed.). Andrews University Press. Free eBook in several formats available here. Gibson, L. J., & Rasi, M. R. (Eds.). (2011). Understanding creation: Answers to questions on faith and science. Pacific Press Publishing Association The Dr. Marcus Ross paper mentioned is: Ross, M. R. (2016). Who Believes What? Clearing up Confusion over Intelligent Design and Young-Earth Creationism. Journal of Geoscience Education, 53(3), 319–323. https://doi.org/10.5408/1089-9995-53.3.319 Michael Behe’s latest book is: Behe, M. J. (2019). Darwin Devolves: The New Science about DNA that Challenges Evolution. HarperCollins. The young-earth creationist who is comfortable with all whales having a land-dwelling common ancestor is Dr. Kurt Wise. “Vestigial legs and hips in modern whales confirm legged ancestors of the whales existed only a short time ago. It is possible that the purely marine cetaceans of the present were derived from semi-aquatic or even terrestrial ancestors on the ark.” Wise, K. P. (2009). Mammal Kinds: How Many Were on the Ark? In Wood, T. C., & Garner, P. A. (Eds.). Genesis kinds: Creationism and the origin of species(Vol. 5). Wipf and Stock Publishers. For more on Thomas Kuhn and paradigm shifts see this Wikipedia entry. Credits Audio production: Aaron Corbit Music: “Perspectives” by Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com). Licensed under Creative Commons: By Attribution 3.0 License. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/

Notes The two textbooks used in this class are: Brand, L., Chadwick, A (2016). Faith, reason, and earth history: a paradigm of earth and biological origins by intelligent design (3rd ed.). Andrews University Press. Free eBook in several formats available here. Gibson, L. J., & Rasi, M. R. (Eds.). (2011). Understanding creation: Answers to questions on faith and science. Pacific Press Publishing Association This episode referenced of seventh chapter of Understanding Creation by Mart de Groot entitled “What are the meaning and implication of the Big Bang Theory?” Another article referenced was the fifth chapter of the following book: Strobel, L. (2004). The case for a Creator: A journalist investigates scientific evidence that points toward God. Zondervan. A summary of Edwin Hubble and his discoveries can be found here. A brief account of the discovery of the Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation by Arno Penzias and Robert Wilson can be found here. The Marcus Ross paper mentioned is (link to PDF): Ross, M. R. (2016). Who Believes What? Clearing up Confusion over Intelligent Design and Young-Earth Creationism. Journal of Geoscience Education, 53(3), 319–323. https://doi.org/10.5408/1089-9995-53.3.319 Credits Audio production: Aaron Corbit Music: “Perspectives” by Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com). Licensed under Creative Commons: By Attribution 3.0 License. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Photo by Guillermo Ferla on Unsplash

Notes The two textbooks used in this class are: Brand, L., Chadwick, A (2016). Faith, reason, and earth history: a paradigm of earth and biological origins by intelligent design (3rd ed.). Andrews University Press. Free eBook in several formats available here. Gibson, L. J., & Rasi, M. R. (Eds.). (2011). Understanding creation: Answers to questions on faith and science. Pacific Press Publishing Association The quote from Richard Dawkins is from a lecture titled “The “know-nothings”, the “know-alls”, and the “no-contests” and can be found here. A good book on this history of the Seventh-day Adventist church is: Knight, G. R. (2012). A brief history of Seventh-day Adventists (3rd). Review and Herald Publishing Association Michael Behe coined the term “irreducible complexity” in this book: Behe, M. J (2006). Darwin’s black box: the biochemical challenge to evolution. Free Press William Dembski’s book on how to rule out chance as an explanation is: Dembski, W.A (1998). The design inference: eliminating change through small probabilities. Cambridge University Press The book Aaron referenced on the origin of life: Meyer, S. C (2009). Signature in the call: DNA and the evidence for intelligent design. HarperCollins The book by C.S. Lewis referenced by student co-host Devin Vaudreuil: Lewis C. S (1952). Mere Christianity, HarperCollins Credits Audio production: Aaron Corbit Music: “Perspectives” by Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com). Licensed under Crea...

Notes The two textbooks used in this class are: Brand, L., Chadwick, A (2016). Faith, reason, and earth history: a paradigm of earth and biological origins by intelligent design (3rd ed.). Andrews University Press. Free eBook in several formats available here. Gibson, L. J., & Rasi, M. R. (Eds.). (2011). Understanding creation: Answers to questions on faith and science. Nampa, ID: Pacific Press Publishing Association Credits Audio production: Aaron Corbit Music: “Perspectives” by Kevin Macleod Photo by Bud Helisson on Unsplash

Notes The major paper discussed in this episode (link to PDF): Ross, M. R. (2016). Who Believes What? Clearing up Confusion over Intelligent Design and Young-Earth Creationism. Journal of Geoscience Education, 53(3), 319–323. https://doi.org/10.5408/1089-9995-53.3.319 Example of a Materialist Evolutionist Richard Dawkins Example of a Weak Theistic Evolutionist Kenneth R. Miller Example of a Strong Theistic Evolutionist Michael Behe Example of an Old Earth Creationist Hugh Ross Example of a secular academic who subscribes to Intelligent Design David Berlinski Pastor Geoff referenced Jack J. Blanco who is the former dean of the School of Religion at Southern Adventist University and best known for being the author of The Clear Word paraphrase of the Bible. Credits Audio production: Aaron Corbit Music: “Perspectives” by Kevin Macleod Photo from Pexels.com.

Notes Clifford Goldstein’s article. Wikipedia entry for “Antiscience.” Website for The Bible Project podcasts Website about Oxford Dictionary’s 2016 word of the year: post-truth. The article in The Guardian that is referenced by Goldstein. Stephen Colbert describing the term “Truthiness” in 2005 The two books of the philosophy of science referenced by Dr. Corbit Okasha, S. (2016). Philosophy of science: a very short introduction (2nd Edition). Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. Godfrey-Smith, P. (2003). Theory and reality: an introduction to the philosophy of science. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press. The passages from the Bible mentioned in the episode Proverbs 3:5-6 1 Corinthians 13: 8-12 Credits Audio production: Aaron Corbit Music: “Perspectives” by Kevin Macleod Photo from the Adventist Review

Notes The comparative anatomy textbook with some history of Jean-Baptiste Lamark (1744 – 1829) Kardong, K. V. (2015). Vertebrates: Comparative Anatomy, Function, Evolution (7th ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Education. Paper on neo-Lamarckism Danchin, É., Pocheville, A., & Huneman, P. (2019). Early in life effects and heredity: Reconciling neo-Darwinism with neo-Lamarckism under the banner of the inclusive evolutionary synthesis. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 374(1770), 8–10. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2018.0113 Website for the 2016 conference at the Royal Society in London where it was debated whether the theory of evolution needed revising Two papers on the Extended Evolutionary Synthesis published in association with this conference Müller, G. B. (2017). Why an extended evolutionary synthesis is necessary. Interface Focus, 7(5). https://doi.org/10.1098/rsfs.2017.0015 Futuyma, D. J. (2017). Evolutionary biology today and the call for an extended synthesis. Interface Focus, 7(5), 20160145. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsfs.2016.0145 Another paper about the extended evolutionary synthesis mentioned by David. N, L. K., Tobias, U., W, F. M., Kim, S., B, M. G., Armin, M., … John, O.-S. (2015). The extended evolutionary synthesis: its structure, assumptions and predictions. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 282(1813), 20151019. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2015.1019 A link to the only diagram in Charles Darwin’s The Origin of Species published in 1859 Paper that gives an estimate on the total number of species on Earth Mora, C., Tittensor, D. P., Adl, S., Simpson, A. G. B., & Worm, B. (2011). How many species are there on earth and in the ocean? PLoS Biology, 9(8), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.1001127 A paper on discussing multicellularity evolving many times Knoll, A. H. (2011). The Multiple Origins of Complex Multicellularity. Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences, 39(1), 217–239. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.earth.031208.100209 The book on rapid evolution that David and Aaron couldn’t remember the title of Losos, J. B. (2017). Improbable Destinies: Fate, Chance, and the Future of Evolution. New York: Riverhead Books. Wikipedia article on punctuated equilibrium. The book by Jame...

Notes Textbook definitions of evolution are from: Brooker, R., Widmaier, E., Graham, L., & Stiling, P. (2008). Biology (3rd). Boston: McGraw-Hill Higher Education. Urry, L., Cain, M., Wasserman, S., Minorsky, P., Reece, J., & Campbell, N. (2017). Campbell biology(11th). New York, NY: Pearson Education. Futuyma definitions of evolution from: Futuyma, DJ. (1986). Evolutionary Biology (2nd). Sunderland, MA: Sinauer Associates The conference on the extended evolutionary synthesis was titled “New trends in evolutionary biology: biological, philosophical and social science perspectives” and was held in November of 2016 at the Royal Society in London The paper referenced by Dr. Corbit suggesting that macroevolution isn’t well defined was from a paper from this meeting. Müller, G. B. (2017). Why an extended evolutionary synthesis is necessary. Interface focus, 7(5), 20170015. To see Sir David Attenborough reading the end of the sixth edition of Charles Darwin’s book The Origin of Species go here. The book by Stephen J. Gould that Dr. Corbit references is: Gould, S.J., 2002. The structure of evolutionary theory. Harvard University Press. How many modern biologists feel about evolutionary theory is summed up by the title of the following paper by Theodosius Dabzhansky: Dobzhansky, T. (2013). Nothing in biology makes sense except in the light of evolution. The american biology teacher, 75(2), 87-91. Resources on proposed examples of speciation https://blogs.scientificamerican.com/science-sushi/evolution-watching-speciation-occur-observations/ http://www.talkorigins.org/faqs/speciation.html A Review of hybrid speciation: Abbott, R.J., Albach, D., Ansell, S.A., Arntzen, J.W., Baird, S.J., Bierne, N., Boughman, J.W., Brelsford, A., Buerkle, C.A., Buggs, R.J., Butlin, R.K., Dieckmann, U., Eroukhmanoff, F., Grill, A., Cahan, S.H., Hermansen, J.S., Hewitt, G., Hudson, A.G., Jiggins, C.D., Jones, J., Keller, B., Marczewski, T., Mallet, J., Martínez-Rodríguez, P., Moest, M., Mullen, S.A., Nichols, R., Nolte, A.W., Parisod, C., Pfennig, K.S., Rice, A.M., Ritchie, M.G., Seifert, B., Smadja, C.M., Stelkens, R.B., Sz...

Notes and Resources Dr. Nelson referenced the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, it can be found here. For more on epistemology see Wikipedia. A secular view on how to deal with religion in the science classroom can be found here. More on the “realists” and “antirealists” in scientific philosophy can be found in the book Philosophy of Science: A Very Short Introduction by Samir Okasha. The interviews with prominent Christian theologians and scientists mentioned by Dr. Nelsen can be found here. Those interviewed are: José G. Funes (Director of the Vatican Observatory) Alister McGrath (Director, Ian Ramsey Centre for Science and Religion at Oxford University) Deborah Haarsma (President of the BioLogos Foundation) Justin Barrett (Director, Thrive Centre – Fuller’s Graduate School of Psychology) Bishop Dr. Rowan Williams (104th Archbishop of Canterbury). The paper discussing different views of origins is: Ross, M. R. (2005). Who believes what? Clearing up confusion over intelligent design and Young-Earth Creationism.Journal of Geoscience Education, 53(3), 319-323. Corbit and Dr. Nelsen briefly discuss some controversy between their major professor at Loma Linda University, Dr. William K. Hayes, and Dr. Bruce A. Young from A. T. Still University over the “venom metering hypothesis” which suggests that venomous animals have control over how much venom they inject and use it judiciously because it has a metabolic cost to produce. If you are really interested you can go here and here. The concept of Non-overlapping Magisteria was popularized by the late Harvard paleontologist Stephen J. Gould see: Gould, Stephen Jay. "<a href="http://www.stephenjaygould.org/library/gould_noma.h...

Notes The paper we discuss in this episode is:Manwaring, K. F., Jensen, J. L., Gill, R. A., Sudweeks, R. R., Davies, R. S., & Bybee, S. M. (2018). Scientific reasoning ability does not predict scientific views on evolution among religious individuals. Evolution: Education and Outreach, 11(1), 2. People mentioned in the episode: Theodosius Dobzhansky (1900-1975) was a prominent geneticist and evolutionary biologist how helped fashion modern evolutionary theory. Here we reference his 1973 essay titled “Nothing in Biology Makes Sense Except in the Light of Evolution.” Francis Collins is a renown geneticist and Christian who lead the Human Genome project and is currently the director of the National Institutes of Health. He was involved in starting BioLogos which promotes theistic evolution. Richard Dawkins is an outspoken atheist and evolutionary biologist. He was formerly the University of Oxford’s Professor for the Public Understanding of Science. Ronald Numbers is a historian of science at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. His 1993 book The Creationists: The Evolution of Scientific Creationism is referenced in this episode. Ellen White (1827-1915) was a religious author and co-founder of the Seventh-day Adventist church. Two major creationist organizations mentioned in the episode are Answers in Genesisand the Institute for Creation Research. Neither organization believes in strict fixity of species. The text Dr. Corbit was trying to quote is Proverbs 18:13, “He who answers a matter before he hears it, It is folly and shame to him” (NKJV).