Ologies with Alie Ward
Episode: Ethnocynology (HUMANS & DOGS THROUGH TIME) with David Ian Howe
Release Date: January 15, 2025

Introduction to Ethno Sinology and Guest Introduction

In this episode of Ologies with Alie Ward, host Alie Ward delves into the fascinating world of ethno sinology, a term coined in 2002 by anthropologist Brian Cummings to describe the study of dogs within their cultural contexts. Ward welcomes David Ian Howe, an accomplished anthropologist and professional archaeologist, who specializes in the historical and cultural relationships between humans and dogs.

Notable Quote:

"Ethno sinology is the study of dogs within their cultural context."
— Alie Ward [04:20]

History of Dog Domestication

David Ian Howe discusses the origins of dog domestication, tracing it back to when humans migrated out of Africa into Eurasia, specifically Siberia, around 20,000 years ago. Here, humans encountered wolves, leading to a symbiotic relationship that facilitated the domestication process. This period marks the emergence of dogs as a distinct subspecies with behaviors and genetics diverging from their wild counterparts.

Notable Quote:

"The dog as we genetically know it today appears 20,000 years ago in East Asia, Siberia."
— David Ian Howe [08:22]

Roles Dogs Have Played in Human Societies

Dogs have historically filled various niches for humans, including hunting, guarding, and herding. Howe explains that early dogs acted as hunting sentinels and helped in pulling loads before the introduction of horses. In different cultures, dogs have been integral to survival, aiding in the collection of shellfish, berries, and even serving as sources of fur and wool.

Notable Quote:

"Early dogs helped deter predators and acted as hunting sentinels, guarding camps."
— David Ian Howe [09:34]

Dog Breeds and Their Evolution

The evolution of diverse dog breeds is a result of selective breeding for specific tasks. Howe emphasizes that modern breeds, such as Salukis, Greyhounds, Dachshunds, Huskies, and Livestock Guardian Dogs, were developed to meet particular human needs, ranging from speed and agility to herding and protection. The specialization of breeds became particularly prominent during the Neolithic era and saw significant diversification during the Victorian era, where dogs began to serve as status symbols.

Notable Quote:

"Dogs are a biotechnology. You can literally code by breeding them to do different tasks."
— David Ian Howe [15:06]

Cultural Practices Involving Dogs

Dogs hold significant places in various cultural narratives and mythologies. Howe highlights how dogs are often depicted in stories related to creation, the afterlife, and protection. Examples include Anubis in Egyptian mythology, who guides souls to the underworld, and the three-headed dog in Greek mythology guarding the underworld. These roles underscore the deep emotional and symbolic connections humans have forged with dogs.

Notable Quote:

"Dogs are so intrinsic to human life and so symbiotic that it's not even a question. They're just part of those stories."
— David Ian Howe [19:12]

Behavioral Aspects of Dogs

The episode delves into various behavioral traits of dogs shaped by domestication and selective breeding. Howe discusses how certain behaviors, such as barking, fetching, and herding, are not just instincts but have been reinforced through breeding practices. He also touches upon the social intelligence of dogs, their ability to read human cues, and the physiological responses, like the release of oxytocin, that strengthen the human-dog bond.

Notable Quote:

"Fetch to me is a social bonding mechanism between humans and dogs."
— David Ian Howe [44:34]

Emotional Bonds between Humans and Dogs

Alie Ward and Howe explore the profound emotional connections humans form with their dogs. They discuss how petting a dog lowers the human heart rate, and in turn, dogs enjoy petting as a form of social interaction. Howe shares personal anecdotes about his dogs, highlighting the unconditional love and emotional support they provide, which can even aid in mental health and stress reduction.

Notable Quote:

"Dogs are the first ones we bury with humans, showing a significant cultural and emotional bond."
— David Ian Howe [23:50]

Listener Questions and Discussion

The episode features a segment where David Ian Howe addresses various listener-submitted questions, providing insights into topics such as:

• Evidence of Human-Dog Interaction Across Regions:
  Dogs are prevalent in higher latitudes where wolves are found, with limited presence in tropical regions due to environmental challenges and disease exposure.
  Quote: "Dogs don't do well in the tropics, at least back in the day." [36:44]

• Co-evolution of Humans and Dogs:
  While full co-evolution hasn't occurred, certain biological adaptations have emerged due to the close relationship between the two species.
  Quote: "There are certain things like dog sleeping near you does calm you down." [37:03]

• Aggression and Breed-Specific Behaviors:
  Howe explains that aggression in breeds like pit bulls is more influenced by breeding practices and socialization rather than inherent traits.
  Quote: "It's not the breed, it's the breeder." [47:53]

• Health Issues in Dog Breeds:
  Breed-specific health problems, such as hip dysplasia in Dachshunds or respiratory issues in brachycephalic breeds, have historical roots tied to selective breeding for aesthetic or functional traits.
  Quote: "Breeding for specific traits can cause health issues over time." [53:58]

• Dogs' Ability to Sense Human Emotions:
  Studies confirm that dogs can detect human emotions like fear and stress through chemical signals and body language.
  Quote: "Dogs display more stressful behaviors themselves when smelling fear-related odors." [56:38]

• Ancient Dog Breeds and Extinction:
  Many indigenous dog breeds became extinct or interbred with European dogs post-colonization. However, some ancient breeds like the Greenland sled dogs and Basenjis remain relatively unchanged.
  Quote: "Modern sled dogs trace back to Siberia some 9,500 years ago." [60:04]

Emotional Reflections and Personal Stories

Towards the episode's conclusion, both hosts share personal anecdotes about their relationships with their dogs, emphasizing the therapeutic and emotional benefits that dogs provide. They discuss the profound sense of family and companionship that dogs bring into human lives, reinforcing the idea that dogs are not just pets but integral members of the family unit.

Notable Quote:

"Adopting a dog was one of my first financial goals on Patreon. She's a mirror of the love we should show each other."
— Alie Ward [74:08]

Conclusion and Final Thoughts

The episode wraps up with an encouragement for listeners to appreciate and understand the deep-rooted connections between humans and dogs. Howe expresses his passion for continuing research in ethno sinology, hoping to uncover more about ancient human-dog relationships through archaeological findings.

Notable Quote:

"Flint knapping allows me to get into the mind of ancient people and understand their relationship with dogs."
— David Ian Howe [73:25]

Additional Resources:

• David Ian Howe’s Platforms:

  • Website: ethno sinology
  • Instagram: ethno sinology
  • TikTok: David Ian Howe
  • Podcasts: Ethno Sinology with David Ian Howe and The David Ian Howe Show

• Charity Mentioned:

  • NativeAmericanHumane.org – Supports special relationships between Native Americans and dogs.

This episode provides an in-depth exploration of the historical, cultural, and emotional bonds between humans and dogs, shedding light on how this relationship has shaped both species over millennia. Through David Ian Howe’s expertise and personal experiences, listeners gain a richer understanding of their canine companions' origins and significance in human society.