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Three women recently took Israel's rabbinate exams after an eight-year legal battle. What should have been a routine academic exercise instead became a national controversy, complete with delayed tests, last-minute changes, emergency court filings, and the subsequent cancellation of the next rabbanut exams for both men and women.

But this episode is about far more than three women.

Rabbi Seth Farber joins me to discuss what this story reveals about the current state of Israel's Chief Rabbinate. Why would an institution fight so hard against women taking exams that do not even lead to ordination? Why were future exams suddenly canceled? Who actually controls the rabbinate today? And what happens when religious institutions become increasingly bureaucratic, political, and disconnected from the communities they are meant to serve?

Our conversation explores questions of authority, transparency, public trust, and institutional power. We discuss the rise of women halakhic scholars, the changing face of Orthodoxy, the composition of the Chief Rabbis Council, the influence of political patronage, and whether the rabbinate is still capable of serving as a unifying religious voice for the Jewish state.

Most importantly, we ask a deeper question: What should a religious establishment look like in a modern democratic Jewish state? Should the rabbinate remain a service provider with broad powers over religious life, or should it evolve into something very different - or even disappear altogether?

This conversation begins with a controversy over exams. It ends with a debate about the future of religion and state in Israel.

To learn more about Rabbi Farber's work with ITIM, go to Itim.org.il.

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Music: "Happy Rock" by bensound.com