Episode 6: “Spawn of Hell”

Summary

Paper Ghosts: The Texas Teen Murders

Episode 6: “Spawn of Hell”

Release Date: March 27, 2024
Host: M. William Phelps

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Episode Overview

In Episode 6 of Paper Ghosts: The Texas Teen Murders, investigative journalist M. William Phelps dives deep into the connections—and divisions—between the murders of Dana Stidham and Shawna Garber, two young women whose deaths in the late 1980s and early 1990s remain unsolved. This episode takes a hard look at Jack Linney as a prime suspect, investigates Shawna’s tragic story in the foster system, explores the possibility of serial killer BTK’s involvement, and lays out the emotional and investigative complexities faced by the families and detectives over decades. The title “Spawn of Hell” references the severe abuse and trauma endured by Shawna Garber, underscoring the episode’s somber tone.

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Key Discussion Points & Insights

1. Revisiting Jack Linney as Suspect in Dana Stidham’s Murder (02:39–10:16)

• Phelps recaps his focus on Jack Linney as the key suspect in Dana Stidham’s 1989 murder, referencing an early 1990s BCSO (Benton County Sheriff’s Office) interview with Linney.
• Linney’s demeanor during interviews is scrutinized: he’s methodical, cold, and manipulative, giving vague or evasive answers about his whereabouts and vehicles.
• Detectives use “background” questions to gauge Linney’s transparency, already having his vehicle records and suspecting a link between his truck (with a camper) and the crime scene.
  • Quote (Phelps, 05:00): "The one consistent observation about this guy I had heard... is that he's one cold son of a bitch who knows how to play the system."
• Key facts:
  • Linney worked near where Dana’s body was found and had a history of sexual harassment at a local business.
  • Police aim to unsettle Linney and gather enough for search warrants on his home and vehicles.
• Quote (Phelps, 09:50): “The BCSO walked away from that short interview with two major tasks ahead: to find and speak to Linney’s ex wife and daughter and... draft, secure and execute two search warrants.”

2. The Lost Life of Shawna Garber ("Grace Doe") (11:20–20:31)

• Shawna Garber’s real identity took 30 years to confirm; after severe childhood abuse (her mother set her on fire) she was lost in the foster system.
• Interview with Shawna’s brother reveals how the system and an abusive mother ("an evil, vindictive spawn of hell" [16:00]) isolated Shawna and prevented siblings from reconnecting.
• Letters from her brother were never delivered, highlighting systemic failings that may have shaped her fate.
  • Quote (Phelps, 18:00): “If Shawna had gotten those letters... would I be talking about her now as a murder victim?”
• After aging out of foster care, Shawna disappeared from records, making her victimology and murder investigation especially difficult.

3. Investigative Challenges: Missing Person Who Wasn’t Reported (20:31–24:38)

• Detectives emphasize the near impossibility of tracking a missing adult who was never formally reported as missing.
• Interview with McDonald County Sheriff Rob Evenson outlines the lack of records, acquaintances, or a steady paper trail for Shawna after leaving foster care.
• Suspicions arise regarding her possibly being involved with drugs, but certainty is elusive.

4. Forensic Details of Shawna’s Murder & Suspect Parallels (25:49–29:47)

• Cause of death presumed as strangulation, inferred by bindings despite the lack of physical evidence due to decomposition.
• The bindings and circumstances of the scene (hogtied with a single shoelace, towel over face, coaxial cable) suggest personal violence and potentially a sexual motive.
  • Quote (Investigator, 28:50): "Strangulation is a very personal... It is murder. It is indeed. If you're that close to someone as opposed to just saying having shot someone from a distance."
• Law enforcement sees parallels between Shawna’s and Dana’s cases, including geographic and forensic details, sparking theories they could be linked or the work of the same killer.

5. BTK/Serial Killer Theory: Debunking the Connection (29:47–47:04)

• BTK (Dennis Rader) becomes a suspect due to similarities in bound victims.
• Dr. Katherine Ramsland, a forensic psychologist and BTK expert, discusses BTK’s methods, fantasies, and geographical movements.
• Ramsland analyzes bindings used in Shawna’s murder versus BTK’s known M.O.—noting key differences in complexity, obsessional quality, and signature habits.
  • Quote (Ramsland, 44:09): "Some of the bindings on Shauna are very similar to the ropes found and confiscated by police when Dennis was arrested... but not all of them... I don't think he ever used coaxial cables."
  • Quote (Ramsland, 45:51): “That's a lot of bindings, which that suggests. It's not about keeping her captive so much as the binding itself. But that's not something that Rader would do... there's an obsessive quality to it.”
• BTK’s own reaction to the crime scene photos reportedly included disgust at the overbinding and lack of control or order.
• Law enforcement and Phelps ultimately move BTK far down the suspect list for Shawna, focusing instead on local suspects like Jack Linney.

6. The Case Against Jack Linney Grows (48:31–51:28)

• New evidence: Linney’s alibi for Dana’s disappearance is false (he claimed to be away, but punch records showed him working locally).
• Search warrants of Linney’s property found significant forensic evidence: blood, female hairs, and a disturbing array of cords and twine, indicative (to investigators) of serial offender behavior.
  • Quote (Phelps, 49:35): “As they entered the basement... what they found pointed in the direction of what I could say is a serial killer... over a hundred spools of different cords.”
• Phelps prepares to confront Linney, setting up the tension for future episodes.
• Interview clips foreshadow the tragic outcome for Linney’s ex-wife (“She killed herself shortly after DCSO detectives spoke with her... I think probably she was at a breaking point.” [51:28]) and Linney’s capacity for threat and violence.

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Notable Quotes & Memorable Moments

• On Shawna’s Childhood:
  • "Because our mother was an evil, vindictive spawn of hell." – Shawna’s brother (16:00)
• Describing Jack Linney:
  • “One cold son of a bitch who knows how to play the system.” – M. William Phelps (05:00)
• On Systemic Failures:
  • “If Shawna had gotten those letters... would I be talking about her now as a murder victim?” – M. William Phelps (18:00)
• Comparing Bindings:
  • "Even [BTK] has commented... 'Wow, those are like some of the ropes I use, but not all of them.'" – Dr. Katherine Ramsland (44:09)
• On BTK’s Methods:
  • "The torture, probably not so much, even though that would sort of. What he wanted to achieve was to terrorize Wichita, his hometown." – Dr. Katherine Ramsland (35:39)
• Conclusions on BTK:
  • “I was convinced, after looking at all of the available evidence and conferring with law enforcement, that Dennis BTK Rader should be moved far down on the list of potential suspects in Shawna Garber's murder...” – M. William Phelps (48:01)
• Finding Evidence at Linney’s:
  • “There had to been, like, over a hundred spools of different cords... it just was pretty ominous.” – M. William Phelps (50:15)

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Timestamps for Significant Segments

• 00:00–01:58: Ads / show intro (skip)
• 02:39: Phelps introduces Jack Linney and interview tape
• 11:20: Identifying “Grace Doe” as Shawna Garber
• 14:26: Hearing about the abuse and foster system from Shawna’s brother
• 16:00: “Spawn of Hell” quote – brother on their mother
• 18:00: Impact of undelivered letters
• 20:31: Systemic barriers to finding and investigating Shawna
• 25:49: Details of Shawna’s bindings and cause of death speculation
• 29:47: BTK enters the picture as possible suspect
• 33:34–43:00: Dr. Ramsland details BTK’s psychology and methods
• 44:09: Direct linking/comparison of crime scene bindings
• 48:31: Return to Jack Linney, forensic findings, and his suspected involvement
• 51:28: Aftermath for Linney’s ex-wife, clips of threat and intimidation

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Tone and Language

The episode is intense, empathetic, and investigative. Phelps maintains a determined, analytic tone, unafraid to express frustration at systemic failures and the chilling behaviors of suspected killers. Interspersed expert commentary and direct family interviews deepen the emotional impact.

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Summary

Episode 6, “Spawn of Hell,” uses newly uncovered interviews, forensic details, and expert psychological analysis to untangle fact from rumor in two cold-case murders. The episode rules out the sensational theory of BTK’s involvement and narrows the investigative lens on Jack Linney as a highly likely suspect, constructing a chilling portrait of trauma, predation, and investigative tenacity that keeps both cases alive in the present tense.

Transcript

[Podcast Host]

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[Investigator or Law Enforcement Officer]

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[M. William Phelps (Narrator/Investigative Journalist)]

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[Detective or Interviewer]

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[M. William Phelps (Narrator/Investigative Journalist)]

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[Detective or Interviewer]

IBM.

[Dr. Katherine Ramsland (Forensic Psychologist)]

Go.

[Podcast Host]

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You are the fittest of the fit. Only one of you will leave here with an IFIT contract worth $250,000.

[M. William Phelps (Narrator/Investigative Journalist)]

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[Podcast Host]

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[M. William Phelps (Narrator/Investigative Journalist)]

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[Podcast Host]

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[Detective or Interviewer]

Figure out what we're going to talk about Here we take the interview. Benton County Sheriff's office times approximately 19 minutes till 12 present Ernest interviews myself, Detective Blankenship, Benton County Sheriff's Office, and Detective Arnold with the Bella Vista branch of the Sheriff's Office. And we're talking to. He's a white male. We served you with what is called the prosecutor subpoena, and at that time you had agreed to come to the Sheriff's office and answer some questions and ask some if you want to. During that time, you also gave us consent to search on your vehicle. Is that correct? You don't pick up a knife. Okay.

[M. William Phelps (Narrator/Investigative Journalist)]

During the summer of 2023, I spoke with a source about a BCSO suspect in Dana Stidham's murder. The man I am calling, Jack Linney, who in my mind was the only suspect anyone needed to focus on and either eliminate or go after with everything I had. My source mentioned a recorded interview with BCSO detectives conducted with Linney in the early 1990s that I needed to hear.

[Detective or Interviewer]

And also you were advised your rights. Did you understand your rights? Yes. Was there any questions that you wanted to ask us? Did you understand your rights?

[M. William Phelps (Narrator/Investigative Journalist)]

The More I had found out about Linney, the more he fit into being the prime suspect in Dana Stidham's murder. And as I spoke to investigators who worked on Shawna Grace Doegarber's murder, Linney's name was very much at the forefront of that investigation as well. And Jack Linney, well, he knew it.

[Detective or Interviewer]

You understand your rights? I'm trying to think about it. Well, I need you. But the way the law is now, I'm wondering whether all this. Stop right now and ask the lawyer. Well, that's something you'll have to consider. But what I wanted to go through is if you understood your rights. Is why you're saying that now? Yes. Okay. If you don't want to answer any questions, you don't, that's totally up to you. It's driving baffled, because I don't really know why I'm here or fix to go into that.

Okay. And if any time you want to stop this interview and do what you think is right, like I said, you're not under arrest. But at any time you want to stop, just say stop. You know, you're. You're a free man. You're not under arrest, and you can go and come as you please. You want a glass of water? Go get a coke, go to lunch. Okay.

Cooperate with us. I guess. I don't know. I don't know why I'm here. Well, that's. That's why we're going to get into it as we go on and. Well, what I want to do is ask you some background questions, and I want to go back, you know, say four, five years, something like that. Find out where all you've lived and what all you've done and what's been going on. Do you remember that far back?

[M. William Phelps (Narrator/Investigative Journalist)]

The one consistent observation about this guy I had heard, beyond him being a serial sexual harasser or even worse, is that he's one cold son of a bitch who knows how to play the system. Facts that became increasingly more implicit throughout this old interview.

[Detective or Interviewer]

You drive a company car back in or company truck. Your own vehicle. What was that? Toyota pickup. What color was it?

I think I remember it. Pickup. You had the little topper on it. You had a little camper on it.

[M. William Phelps (Narrator/Investigative Journalist)]

If that was hard to hear on this time worn tape, he says yes to the camper question. In fact, photos I obtained of this vehicle match the exact description of the vehicle parked behind Dana's car on the morning after she was reported missing.

[Detective or Interviewer]

Why don't you tell me about the cars you've owned since this Ranger you've got right now. How long you had it now?

After I towed that Toyota out, about two months after I had it.

[M. William Phelps (Narrator/Investigative Journalist)]

It's hard to understand his answer because.

[Detective or Interviewer]

He mumbles, was that back in 1990 when you wrecked the Toyota? I really couldn't do it. That sounds about right.

[M. William Phelps (Narrator/Investigative Journalist)]

All this discussion about his vehicles was small talk for detectives who were just looking to gauge his level of participation and transparency. They had already pulled the history from the Motor Vehicle Department to see which makes and models of vehicles and he owned and when.

[Detective or Interviewer]

How long do you have that little Toyota? I think about a year, something like that. What you have before that One.

Truck and a full size camper on camper? Exactly. Just want shell.

[M. William Phelps (Narrator/Investigative Journalist)]

The amount of time he took to answer what are essentially basic questions spoke to how carefully he was thinking about what to say.

At one point, he mentions an accident he was in back in the early 80s, which he claimed had caused a traumatic brain injury. Danny Varner, the detective you hear most prominently in the recordings, pushed him on it, but he refused to give any specifics.

They moved on to his employment history during the time of Dana's abduction and murder. He not only worked within a mile of where Dana's body was found, but witness statements support how he had been sexually harassing women at the nearby Ozark Beverage Company, which, if you recall from an earlier episode, was just up the road from from the Stidham crime scene.

[Detective or Interviewer]

Your wife's name is? Yes. Y' all still married? Yes. But separated? No. Still live together? Sometimes.

Can you explain that to me?

[M. William Phelps (Narrator/Investigative Journalist)]

He said they split their time between two different states, where he lived in Arkansas and the state where she lived.

[Detective or Interviewer]

You've been married previously to her? No. First marriage.

He hadn't been married before? Yes.

[M. William Phelps (Narrator/Investigative Journalist)]

They pressed him for his wife's first name and address. Simple things. What does he do? He plays the stupid card, of course, then recalled that she likely lived somewhere in the Southwest. He had one daughter with her, he says, but hadn't seen her in many, many years.

Guess why?

Exactly. He was getting weird with her, too.

[Detective or Interviewer]

Is she living around here now or no. Was she? I don't know.

[M. William Phelps (Narrator/Investigative Journalist)]

Then they casually snuck in additional questions about his vehicle and a timeline associated with Dana's murder.

[Detective or Interviewer]

You're living over here in these apartments, camper?

[M. William Phelps (Narrator/Investigative Journalist)]

He nodded yes to the question.

The point of this short interview was to rattle Lenny and lock down a few specifics. Beyond that, they wanted to get a feel for his overall demeanor, see how cocky he was. In other words, as an investigator Conducting an initial interview like this, you allow the suspect to think he is in control.

The BCSO walked away from that short interview with two major tasks ahead. To find and speak to Lenny's ex wife and daughter and begin to draft, secure and execute two search warrants. One for his house and of course a second for his vehicles.

Previously on Paper Ghosts.

[Investigator or Law Enforcement Officer]

If you got a child and you.

[Podcast Host]

Send them and take care of their.

[Detective or Interviewer]

Teeth and all this and send them.

[Dr. Katherine Ramsland (Forensic Psychologist)]

To school and everything, you keep track of your child.

[Investigator or Law Enforcement Officer]

And the part that bothered me for.

[Detective or Interviewer]

Years was why somebody didn't report her missing.

[Investigator or Law Enforcement Officer]

I want you to talk to this man, okay? I had no idea that he had something to offer, but he was here the night that he heard this. And I'm looking at my emails and it says, lori, meet Grace.

[Dr. Katherine Ramsland (Forensic Psychologist)]

And there she was.

[Investigator or Law Enforcement Officer]

I didn't know her, but yet I knew her. And she looked exactly like what I thought she would look like. And I just knew this is really who she is.

[M. William Phelps (Narrator/Investigative Journalist)]

My name is M. William Phelps. I'm an investigative journalist and author of more than 40 true crime books. This is season four of Paper Ghosts, the Ocean Ozarks.

It had taken 30 years to identify Grace Doe and learn her name. Shawna Garber. Three decades. In that sense, technology had caught up to Shawna's case, the same as it had in so many cold cases we see today. But if Detective Lori Howard, Sheriff Rob Evenson, and Detective Rhonda Wise thought identifying Shawna was cause for celebration, the reality of the road ahead became abundantly clear right away.

Because as they began searching for information about her, it seemed as if with. Well, Shawna Garber had never existed to begin with.

Okay, so who is Shawna Garber?

[Investigator or Law Enforcement Officer]

That's a good question. Because she had a tough go as a little girl. Her mother had some issues, and she was burned as a child due to her mother's. Well, her mother willfully burned her. So she went into foster care. But I think that she might have been bounced around for a little bit, even in the foster care system. And then, of course, eventually she aged out. So she lost her relationships with her bio family and also with her step family. And. And then she ultimately lost the relationships with her foster family.

[M. William Phelps (Narrator/Investigative Journalist)]

And so she goes out on the street.

[Investigator or Law Enforcement Officer]

She does, yeah.

[M. William Phelps (Narrator/Investigative Journalist)]

And she's 18 at that time.

[Investigator or Law Enforcement Officer]

Yeah. She's on her own now. I say on her own. I think she had a boyfriend at the time. I don't know the nature of that relationship. I'm told it's difficult to find any type of information on him at this point.

[M. William Phelps (Narrator/Investigative Journalist)]

How does she end up in McDonald County?

[Investigator or Law Enforcement Officer]

I can surmise how that happened. I can't tell you factually, but she was actually working in Joplin, Missouri, but she was living in Coffeyville, Kansas, and she was making that commute from Coffeyville, Kansas, to Joplin, Missouri, and back.

[M. William Phelps (Narrator/Investigative Journalist)]

And what kind of job was it.

[Detective or Interviewer]

That she was working?

[Dr. Katherine Ramsland (Forensic Psychologist)]

I don't know.

[M. William Phelps (Narrator/Investigative Journalist)]

I contacted Shawna's brother, Robert Ringwald, and started by asking him where they grew up.

[Detective or Interviewer]

We lived in several different places, but it was mostly in eastern Kansas, between Topeka and Iola.

[M. William Phelps (Narrator/Investigative Journalist)]

Okay. And what was the house like, the family like at the time, as kids?

[Detective or Interviewer]

At that time, it was our biological mother and my older brother, myself and Shauna.

[M. William Phelps (Narrator/Investigative Journalist)]

What was Shaa like then?

[Detective or Interviewer]

She was singing, you know, happy quite a bit, you know.

[M. William Phelps (Narrator/Investigative Journalist)]

What did she like to do?

[Detective or Interviewer]

Play? I don't. Don't remember, you know, an awful lot. We used to play in the yard together and stuff.

[M. William Phelps (Narrator/Investigative Journalist)]

So you and Shauna were taken away from your mom?

[Detective or Interviewer]

Yes.

[M. William Phelps (Narrator/Investigative Journalist)]

Tell me a little bit about that. So how old were you?

[Detective or Interviewer]

Six. And she would have been four.

[M. William Phelps (Narrator/Investigative Journalist)]

This was about the same time, as you heard in the last episode, that Shauna's mother horribly disfigured her own little girl. It's hard to talk about this sort of abuse, but it's what Shawna and her family went through. Her mother poured lighter fluid on her, lit a match, and set the girl on fire. While she would never be the same, she was removed from the situation. It was also the moment in Shawna's life when she became part of the revolving door of the foster care system. So did you stay in contact with her?

[Detective or Interviewer]

No, we weren't allowed to. I wasn't allowed to. She was removed from several foster homes because our mother would interfere with everything. I mean, to the point she even threatened to kill one foster family's kids.

[Dr. Katherine Ramsland (Forensic Psychologist)]

Wow.

[Detective or Interviewer]

Yeah, she was evil.

[M. William Phelps (Narrator/Investigative Journalist)]

And so as time goes on, do you ever see Shauna again?

[Detective or Interviewer]

I saw our birthday after we were taken. We were taken to, you know, SRS office or something like that and celebrated our birthdays. And then saw her one one time after that in court when they severed our mother's parental rights, and I never saw her again.

[M. William Phelps (Narrator/Investigative Journalist)]

And how come they severed the parental rights?

[Detective or Interviewer]

Because our mother was an evil, vindictive spawn of hell.

[M. William Phelps (Narrator/Investigative Journalist)]

And then what did you hear about her as the years go on?

[Detective or Interviewer]

Not very much. We were trying to keep everything about her a secret from everybody so that our biological mother wouldn't find her I see.

[M. William Phelps (Narrator/Investigative Journalist)]

And so time moves on. You grow into an adult. And I guess you sent some letters to Shawna. Can you tell me about that?

[Detective or Interviewer]

Yeah, I wrote two letters and I gave them to the social worker. One was for them to give to her right away. Couldn't put anything but my first name in it. And nothing other than that, you know, just tell her that, you know, I was, you know, out here and I was, you know, looking forward to meeting her. And then the second one was for him to give to her after she turned 18 and had my name, you know, my full name, my contact information, you know, how she could get a hold of me, you know, letting her know that if she wanted to made me that I was here and wanted to see her.

[M. William Phelps (Narrator/Investigative Journalist)]

And you were confident that the social worker would forward those letters to Shawna, right?

[Detective or Interviewer]

Yes, I was.

[M. William Phelps (Narrator/Investigative Journalist)]

And then what happened?

[Detective or Interviewer]

They were put in a drawer somewhere and left. Never given to her.

[M. William Phelps (Narrator/Investigative Journalist)]

It was as if a series of tragic events, beginning almost on the day she was born, culminated in Shawna's murder. Imagine the frustration, horror and emotional trauma Rob felt when he discovered that those letters never made it to Shauna. All because some incompetent, lazy social worker forgot or just chose not to forward them.

Which leads me to wonder, if Shawna had gotten those letters, if she had known there was someone out there who cared for her, loved her, and wanted a relationship with her, would I be talking about her now as a murder victim?

[Podcast Host]

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You are the fittest of the fit. Only one of you will leave here with an IFIT contract for $250,000. This is where mindset comes in. Someone will be eliminated. Pressure is coming down. This is Trainer games.

[M. William Phelps (Narrator/Investigative Journalist)]

Watch it on prime video starting January 8th.

[Podcast Host]

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[Investigator or Law Enforcement Officer]

Air balloon all the way to the.

[Podcast Host]

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[M. William Phelps (Narrator/Investigative Journalist)]

Nope.

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[M. William Phelps (Narrator/Investigative Journalist)]

I've heard it said that tragedy and life are inseparable. I think maybe inevitable is a better word. We can't avoid pain, yet we do put policies and programs in place in the hope that preventable tragedies stemming from the ugliest side of our humanity are avoided. But even those policies and programs can sometimes fail us.

As I continued talking to Detective Lori Howard, the idea that Shawna Garber got swallowed up by the system, the same system that contributed in some ways to her death, hovered over our conversation. We which makes investigating her murder that much more difficult from both an emotional and practical standpoint. It's hard to do victimology. It's hard to find people who knew her. Right.

[Investigator or Law Enforcement Officer]

Correct. And even more so if you are a child, which I now have hindsight, but if you're a child that's growing up in the foster care system because she's not reported missing. So you can't go through a database of missing people in your area or.

[Detective or Interviewer]

Right.

[Investigator or Law Enforcement Officer]

Even missing people in a four state area because she's not there. Now later I learned that supposedly she had been reported missing by the boyfriend in Joplin, Missouri, but there's no record of it.

[M. William Phelps (Narrator/Investigative Journalist)]

I wondered if that elusive boyfriend had ever been considered a suspect in her murder.

[Investigator or Law Enforcement Officer]

I think you have to always, you kind of work from the victim out and the people that are closest to them and certainly the boyfriend is where a paramour of any sort would be, where you would start. But I don't know that that could really easily or readily be developed because the boyfriend again is he took off. He took off and he's not there and we're not sure where he is or even if he's alive.

[M. William Phelps (Narrator/Investigative Journalist)]

So as an unsolved murder, this is a very difficult case, right?

[Investigator or Law Enforcement Officer]

It is. It's extremely difficult. But it's not impossible. None of them are impossible. If it was impossible, we'd probably stop trying. But this can be solved and it will be. It's just a matter of keep plugging away. I mean, we started with nothing and now we know who she is. So that's probably 90% of it is knowing who she is. We will continue to put things back to the lab and retest. And as new technology comes along now.

[M. William Phelps (Narrator/Investigative Journalist)]

Was this case looked at as possibly tied to Dana Stidham's case?

[Investigator or Law Enforcement Officer]

Absolutely. And the reason for that is because they are similar in appearance, but they are also similar geographically, and the timeline is really close. You're looking at that 89, 90 in years. So when you begin to put people together, you look okay geographically, how do they look? Are they similar in nature? Do they have anything in common? And then your timeline and the way they're found. And the way they're found. Absolutely. Now, Dana. And again, Dana was tied, not to this degree, but she was certainly bound. She had the same color pair, which is kind of a dark auburn.

There's a group of women in this area that are. That have been found that are similar in their appearance.

[M. William Phelps (Narrator/Investigative Journalist)]

How do you even begin to solve a murder? Better yet, two, if one is connected to the other? When you know so very little about your victim?

This was a problem for the McDonald County Sheriff's Office and its ability to begin building a profile of Shauna's killer. If they have no idea about Shauna's movements near the time of her death, it becomes almost impossible to nail down not only those who might have known her, but the events leading up to her death. Here's sheriff Rob Evenson.

[Detective or Interviewer]

Remember, you're going back to 1989, 1990, and there's not. We have not been able to find those electronic. Those records of that. So when after she ages out of the foster System at age 18, there's not a whole lot that we've been able to find. She didn't have a lot of presence that left any kind of tangible record that we've been able to find.

[M. William Phelps (Narrator/Investigative Journalist)]

Like friends, correct?

[Detective or Interviewer]

Yes, friends. We were able to identify a former boyfriend, but the best information we have is that those two had broken up quite some time before she would have ended up here in McDonald County.

[M. William Phelps (Narrator/Investigative Journalist)]

Was there any indication that she was into drugs or that scene or anything like that?

[Detective or Interviewer]

We believe so, but if you ask us how certain we are, I couldn't tell you that we were 100%, but, yes, the likelihood is there, yes.

[M. William Phelps (Narrator/Investigative Journalist)]

Did you begin to maybe think that her case was connected to some of the other cases in the area at all? Because was it? There certainly was a lot of cases.

[Detective or Interviewer]

During that time.

Yes. I mean, anytime you have an unsolved homicide, you always look for other connections to other similar cases. So, of course, that was one of the things. There were so many leads that were. That were run down and followed. So, yes. I mean, there are other unsolved cases in this area. So that is something that we always would look into. But I don't know that we had any direct evidence that would connect her to anybody else or any other case.

[M. William Phelps (Narrator/Investigative Journalist)]

I asked Detective Laurie Howard about a cause of death, if they were ever able to find out. The speculation is strangulation, based on all the bindings and cords and ropes found. Now, you may wonder how law enforcement could possibly prove a skeletonized murder victim was. Was strangled to death. After all, a pathologist cannot inspect bruising around the neck area, other soft tissue, or look for signs of petechial hemorrhage, burst blood vessels in the eyes. But there's a delicate bone called the hyoid in our throats that, when compressed during strangulation, usually snaps. So was Shauna's hyoid bone actually broken?

[Detective or Interviewer]

No.

[Investigator or Law Enforcement Officer]

The answer to that is no. We believe very strongly that she was strangled just because she was badly decomposed. Her body was strewn across the lawn from animals and the natural process of decomposition. But we believe that she wasn't stabbed because normally in that type of thing, if you hit a bone, you might have a chip, and that wasn't necessarily the. The skeleton was intact. So you're not looking at blunt force trauma. We didn't see anything like that, really. There was nothing to tell us that there was any sort of trauma to her skeletal remains. So we believe she was more than likely strangled, and I think that the bindings would support that.

[M. William Phelps (Narrator/Investigative Journalist)]

So the house she's found is very important, right?

[Investigator or Law Enforcement Officer]

It is, absolutely. It tells you a great deal.

[M. William Phelps (Narrator/Investigative Journalist)]

Tell me about that.

[Investigator or Law Enforcement Officer]

The crime scene, essentially, is your first picture of what happened. And so you can determine a lot, obviously, from that. Was it. Was there blood, verse trauma? How was she left? Was she clothed? What clothing was missing? How long has she been there?

And because she was bound in the manner that she was bound.

[M. William Phelps (Narrator/Investigative Journalist)]

And how was she bound?

[Investigator or Law Enforcement Officer]

She was essentially what we call hogtied, which is your hands, your wrists are bound behind your back, and that then is bound to your feet. And in her case, it was bound to a shoelace, and only one shoelace. So she had massive amounts of bindings.

[M. William Phelps (Narrator/Investigative Journalist)]

What about the towel wrapped around Shawna's head with coaxial cable? What did it mean?

[Investigator or Law Enforcement Officer]

Normally, that would tell you that. That he wants to cover. He either one didn't want to see the look on his victim if she was alive at the time, and. Or he wants to cover something up. And so it's almost exactly what you would think it is.

I've heard this from more than one serial killer, actually. And I'm not suggesting that's the case with Shawna, but we don't know. But they do tend to not want to see see the look on their victim's face.

[Detective or Interviewer]

Yeah. Strangulation is a very personal.

[Investigator or Law Enforcement Officer]

It is murder. It is indeed. If you're that close to someone as opposed to just saying having shot someone from a distance. So it tells you a lot about the relationship generally.

[Dr. Katherine Ramsland (Forensic Psychologist)]

Power.

[Investigator or Law Enforcement Officer]

It tells you a lot about power.

[M. William Phelps (Narrator/Investigative Journalist)]

Still, three letters. Yes. Letters loomed large in my mind. B. T.K.

At this stage in my search for answers, I needed to either include or exclude Dennis Rader from Shawna's murder. If Jack Linney was to be viewed as a potential suspect in Dana's and Shawna's cases, BTK had to be taken out of the equation. And there was only one person I knew of who could speak as the authority about Dennis Raider and his possible involvement in both cases.

[Podcast Host]

10 athletes will face the toughest job interview in fitness that will push past physical and mental breaking points.

You are the fittest of the fit. Only one of you will leave here with an IFIT contract for $250,000. This is where mindset comes in. Someone will be eliminated. Pressure is coming down. This is Trainer games.

[M. William Phelps (Narrator/Investigative Journalist)]

Watch it on prime video starting January 8th.

[Podcast Host]

Then the space hamster flew his hot.

[Investigator or Law Enforcement Officer]

Air balloon all the way to the.

[Podcast Host]

Bottom of the ocean. Where did that story come from? Book Dream?

[M. William Phelps (Narrator/Investigative Journalist)]

Nope.

[Podcast Host]

It came from a conversation. Meet Mikomini, the AI companion that co creates personalized story adventures with your child in real time. What color was the hamster's cape and what did he pack for lunch? Unlock your child's imagination. Discover Miko Mini plus and the magic of AI Exclusively at Costco. Come for the Black Friday seasonal savings. Stay for the award winning reporting for a limited time access to the Washington Post is just 99 cents. That's unlimited access to all of the posts for only 99 cents every four weeks. That's a great deal for the first year. After that it'll cost $12 every four weeks. You can cancel anytime. But don't wait. This Black Friday seasonal offer won't be here for long. Go to washingtonpost.com iheart and grab this deal before it's gone. That's washingtonpost.com iheart.

[Detective or Interviewer]

Now that was part of my, I guess, my what you call, fantasy. These people were selected. I strangled Mrs. Otero and she went out or passed out. I thought she was dead. She passed out. Then I strangled Josephine. She passed out or I thought she was dead. Then I went over and put a bag on junior's head.

[M. William Phelps (Narrator/Investigative Journalist)]

That right there is who BTK is. The affect says it all. Cold, stark, stoic, but very real. He is talking there about murdering a family. But the takeaway from me, I think, is that BTK is a serial killer unafraid to talk about who he has killed.

In September 2023, Osage County, Oklahoma Sheriff Eddie Verdon announced the formation of a BTK task force. This was in relation to two specific victims. The sheriff was looking to bring Dennis Raider into a grand jury on murder charges for cynthia Kinney, a 1976 unsolved homicide, and Shawna Garber. The local Oklahoma district attorney, Mike Fisher, felt differently. In fact, the guy came out swinging, saying there was not enough evidence to prove Verdan's theorem or press charges against btk. Verdin persisted, releasing a sketch Raider had recently made of a woman bound, hogtied and sitting on a chair leaning up against a barn.

Barns played a profound role in Raider's murder fantasies. Some in law enforcement believed the barn close to where Shawna Garber was found had to be somehow connected to her murder.

I reached out to the one person who knows btk, in my opinion, better than anyone, but had also studied Shawna Garber's case.

[Dr. Katherine Ramsland (Forensic Psychologist)]

I'm Dr. Katherine Ramsland. I'm a professor of forensic psychology and I am a writer. I've written about 70 plus books, many of them on extreme offenders.

[M. William Phelps (Narrator/Investigative Journalist)]

In 2016, Dr. Ramslin published the book Confessions of a serial Killer. The Untold story of Dennis Raider. Dennis the BTK Killer. So how and when did you come across Shawna Garber's case?

[Dr. Katherine Ramsland (Forensic Psychologist)]

Maybe a couple years ago. Someone had mentioned it and talked about is there, you know, these were cold cases in this area, like the whole state and she was on a list and somebody mentioned maybe there was a. Some kind of association with Dennis Rader. So that of course got me interested.

[M. William Phelps (Narrator/Investigative Journalist)]

That interest in what is a longer story of a woman Dr. Ramslin met and how her book was born turned into prison visits, telephone calls and letters between her and btk. The book she produced with Raider is a kind of BTK confession manifesto.

[Dr. Katherine Ramsland (Forensic Psychologist)]

It was a very intense journey and I always wondered if there might be other victims. So when the Grace Doe case came up, I wanted to see if there were any potential links.

[M. William Phelps (Narrator/Investigative Journalist)]

To the dismay of many involved, Raider was suddenly thrust into the number one slot for Shawna's case. As of late 2023, I had it on solid law enforcement authority that ran Rader had no connection to Shawna's murder. I also uncovered information about a suspect other than Jack Lenney for Shawna's case, which I will delve into more deeply in the next few episodes. Here's how Dr. Ramslin describes Rader's very distinctive M.O. invaluable insight into one of the darkest minds of the past half century.

[Dr. Katherine Ramsland (Forensic Psychologist)]

Well, first he chose his own moniker. Binded them, tortured them, killed them, btk. So that signals right off the bat what he's after is he wants that binding thing. That was highly erotic to him. He's a sexually compelled serial killer. The torture, probably not so much, even though that would sort of. What he wanted to achieve was to terrorize Wichita, his hometown. He. He murdered 10 people between 1974 and 1991, always with some kind of bondage aspect to it, because that would satisfy him. So if there's MO to be had, it's really the idea that he used some kind of bindings in each of his cases. But he started by going into houses, you know, picking out houses. Usually they had a number three or. Or some kind of number that three would be divided into, like a six or nine, because three was a big deal to him. It's a magical number.

[M. William Phelps (Narrator/Investigative Journalist)]

As Dr. Ramslin points out, Raider was meticulous and methodical his murders, very much fantasy driven, but also torture could have been involved.

[Dr. Katherine Ramsland (Forensic Psychologist)]

So he'd check out houses, he'd enter a lot of them where people weren't home, just to prove, I guess, that he could. And he. He was a voyeur. He stalked people. He found out about his victims, typically, so usually had plenty of time to check out how safe it was. I mean, he was married to a job on the side, I guess. And so it was. He had to do this when he had opportunities so that if that's MO I mean, he went in, but then later, he took two of his victims out of the house, One of which he posed in a church for pictures and various items of lingerie he had stolen from other women. And the other one he had meant to take to a barn, an abandoned barn, which is instrumental in what we're talking about, because that had always been a fantasy of his is to murder somebody in an old barn. And he had already picked out some abandoned farmsteads around Wichita, but he lost his way that night because it was snowy and foggy. So he dumped her under, like, a culvert kind of bridge instead.

And so that really breaks his M.O.

[M. William Phelps (Narrator/Investigative Journalist)]

If you noticed, the term M.O. or modus operandi is not something Dr. Ramslin sounds all that excited about linking to BTK or any serial killer for that matter. And I'd have to agree. Serial killers can and will change their M.O. from murder to murder. I believe there is no typical serial killer, as much as the public wants to believe there is, based on the very small sample we see routinely on television.

[Dr. Katherine Ramsland (Forensic Psychologist)]

He did enter her home, but he entered her home very differently than he had. And this is number 10. He entered her home very differently than he had any of the others. He broke in, he lifted a cinder block and just threw it through a sliding door, breaking the glass, which he'd never done before. But he used his typical ruse. I'm just here, I'm a fugitive, blah, blah, blah, don't worry. Because he always believed if you put them at ease, that they would survive. That would make them obviously more vulnerable and easier to manage. And then he put her in her car. Well, he always had this thing with the people's cars, and that's always part of his MO as well. So it's hard to say MO he certainly didn't have the same mo but he had. There are similarities from one thing to another, even when the MO changed.

[M. William Phelps (Narrator/Investigative Journalist)]

And he didn't rape any of his victims, Right?

[Dr. Katherine Ramsland (Forensic Psychologist)]

He did not rape any of his victims.

[M. William Phelps (Narrator/Investigative Journalist)]

And what was his thought process behind that? If the crimes were sexual to him, what. What was going on with him?

[Dr. Katherine Ramsland (Forensic Psychologist)]

Well, you can have a sexual crime without necessarily having any kind of sexual penetration. It can. Like for example, he hanged an 11 year old girl in the Otero case and masturbated onto her. Okay, so that's not rape physically, but it's certainly, you know, very sexual crime. He masturbated in a couple of others using their lingerie. But in many ways, the binding was really about himself. He would bind himself in a lot of autoerotic kinds of incidents. So he'd take the thing, the items that he had removed from the victims, and fantasize about them. While he was having an autoerotic event.

[M. William Phelps (Narrator/Investigative Journalist)]

BTK dehumanized and degraded his victims. It was a very important part of the psychology, however twisted, driving his murders.

[Dr. Katherine Ramsland (Forensic Psychologist)]

So for him it was really reliving it. He had these motel parties where he'd take dolls and pictures and drawings he had made of the victims to relive it. And so he had this odd notion that if he raped his victims, it was somehow unfaithful to his wife.

[Detective or Interviewer]

Wow.

[Dr. Katherine Ramsland (Forensic Psychologist)]

And, yeah, it's an odd kind of mindset that certain things. And he's not going to cross A line. But other things more extreme he will. Like. When he first started working with me, one of the earliest things he said was, we're going to start playing chess by mail. And he said, don't cheat. I thought, what?

What? How dare you, a serial killer? Moralize to me, yes, but. But that's. You see that in a number of these killers where they have these. These kind of odd compartments where they. Certain things are okay and other things are not okay.

[M. William Phelps (Narrator/Investigative Journalist)]

Did he use the same type of bindings in each of his murders?

[Dr. Katherine Ramsland (Forensic Psychologist)]

He liked to experiment sometimes because he was reading either a novel about a serial killer or some true crime case. And he sometimes would like to experiment. For example, getting back to MO he strangled each of the oteros, but the next victim he stabbed, and he found that he didn't like stabbing. So he then went back to strangulation. And sometimes he'd use a cord, but he always bound them. Sometimes he used duct tape. He had some thick rope. He had some, like, Venetian cord, a parachute cord, had tape of all kinds. Twine. He liked twine. So he did have different kinds of bindings because ever since he was a kid, he would collect all different kinds of rope and string.

[M. William Phelps (Narrator/Investigative Journalist)]

Was he ever known to be trolling around like Anderson or Pineville, Missouri, the Ozarks, at all during the 90s, early 90s?

[Dr. Katherine Ramsland (Forensic Psychologist)]

So for me, when I saw that this one case was in that area of Missouri that was pretty close to an area where Dennis grew up and would sometimes take his kids, spend summers, I thought, you know, that made it a viable potential case.

[M. William Phelps (Narrator/Investigative Journalist)]

And if. If Shawna Garber was hitchhiking, which a lot of law enforcement I've spoken to think she might have been, would he be the type of serial killer to pick her up?

[Dr. Katherine Ramsland (Forensic Psychologist)]

I've never heard Dennis Raider say he picked up a hitchhiker.

[M. William Phelps (Narrator/Investigative Journalist)]

I had sent Dr. Ramslin photos of the actual bindings used on Shawna and asked if those that Raider used were similar. The same photos, I should point out that Detective Lori Howard had shown Rader when she interviewed him. And Raider was shocked by how messy and how many of them there were.

[Dr. Katherine Ramsland (Forensic Psychologist)]

Some of the bindings on Shauna are very similar to the ropes found and confiscated by police when Dennis was arrested in 2005. Even he has commented to me because he's now seen the photos too. He's commented, wow, those are like some of the ropes I use, but not all of them. And he. I don't. I can't think of a time he used coaxial cables.

[M. William Phelps (Narrator/Investigative Journalist)]

Raider had by now also denied killing Shawna Garber. So Shawna Garber was found with a towel wrapped around her face and the coaxial wrapped around that. You know, in your professional opinion, what does that say about her killer?

[Dr. Katherine Ramsland (Forensic Psychologist)]

A lot of people like to think a covered face means it was personal. They knew her. That's a formula. I personally don't like formulas because they tend to give us tunnel vision. This looked more like part of whatever this person was doing to her. And especially with the cable wrapped around it. That looks to me more like a suffocation mechanism. If you put your hand over her mouth with a towel, she can't bite.

[M. William Phelps (Narrator/Investigative Journalist)]

It sounds like he adapted to the situations he needed.

[Dr. Katherine Ramsland (Forensic Psychologist)]

He did.

[M. William Phelps (Narrator/Investigative Journalist)]

Yeah.

[Dr. Katherine Ramsland (Forensic Psychologist)]

But I think you can say that about any serial killer because you're always going to have circumstances. The variables are there. Their fantasy never actually matches what happens.

[M. William Phelps (Narrator/Investigative Journalist)]

Thoughts in general about Shawna's case. I mean, what are you thinking about that case?

[Dr. Katherine Ramsland (Forensic Psychologist)]

I think the. The Shawna case. One of the things that.

We see on her is the multiple bindings on her legs. That is interesting. And that suggests captivity, potentially, that somebody held her and bound her, because why would they. Why would they take her to an. Now, I know there's theories that there were screams heard on Halloween night in that gentle area, but who's binding her all that much there on the farm that night? That doesn't make any sense to me. That's a lot of bindings, which that suggests. It's not about keeping her captive so much as the binding itself. But that's not something that Rader would do. He wouldn't over bind. Like even he's said that, like that. That's a lot of bindings. And he would have bound her in other ways. A lot of it was focused on the legs and ankles. So that suggests somebody who perhaps over ties things in other ways or overdoes things in other ways, like there's an obsessive quality to it.

[M. William Phelps (Narrator/Investigative Journalist)]

Shawna's murder, what little is known about it, was anything but meticulous. I saw anger, haste, and retaliation in Shawna's murder. Those are not the trademarks of btk. He planned, he fantasized, he took his time. He wanted his bindings to be just so. When I mentioned BTK had been shown photos of this crime scene, the distaste verging on disgust he emanated was palpable. Furthermore, the signatures he left behind at his crime scenes weren't found at Shawna's crime scene. Torture was likely involved, but we'll Cover that in an upcoming episode. That's why I just don't buy BTK being behind Shawna's murder. And when I put it to law enforcement, they echoed my sentiments. Specifically that Raider had no connection to Shawna's murder.

I was convinced, after looking at all of the available evidence and conferring with law enforcement, that Dennis BTK Raider should be moved far down on the list of potential suspects in Shawna Garber's murder, if he even deserves a place on the list at all. And Raider, remember, was not even close to being on the radar in the Dana Stidham homicide. Which brings me back to Jack Lenny.

The goal with that first interview the BCSO conducted with Lenny, the tape you heard at the top of the episode, was to stir him up a bit, let him know they were focused on him, and see how he responded, as it were. Linney had told investigators he was out of town at a family reunion on July 25, 1989, the day Dana went missing. That was a lie. He had clocked 87 hours that week at a construction company he worked for in town. A job, remember, which put him on the road, driving around Bella Vista and bordering towns, including those close to the Missouri state line. In fact, the more they found out about Lincoln, the more he fit into the profile of Dana and Shawna's killer.

And, you know, from my perspective, there was some pretty incriminating evidence in. In that basement of that house.

The BCSO secured those search warrants for Jack Lenney's home and vehicles after they interviewed him a second time. And after finding a lot of blood and female hairs in one of his vehicles as they entered the basement of his house, what they found pointed in the direction of what I could say is a serial killer. My recollection is that there was probably like, 17 different types of twine that were used to. To encase cocoon this young lady after she had been murdered.

I just remember being in the basement.

[Detective or Interviewer]

Of this individual's house, and there had to been, like, over a hundred spools of different cords. I mean, I don't.

[M. William Phelps (Narrator/Investigative Journalist)]

I don't know who keeps cords. I don't keep cords. But it just was pretty ominous.

With all of the new information I had developed on him, including all of that blood found in his. His vehicle, I decided it was time to confront Jack Lenny to knock on his door and see what this guy had to say for himself.

If you're enjoying paper ghosts, check out my other podcasts, Crossing the Line with M. William Phelps and White Eagle. Wherever you get your favorite shows. Coming up next on Paper Ghosts. They were wanting to pin him down. Very surprised that he wanted to come in. You know, my initial reaction is, you know, this guy's coming in. Surely he's not the guy, right? I mean, who, who does that? Something is going on with this guy. I don't. I don't know what it is. I'm not a doctor. I'm not a psychologist. I'm just trying to get a read. But there was just something that was clinical.

[Detective or Interviewer]

He probably destroyed her life. He just basically abused her emotionally, probably physically. And she did kill herself shortly after DCSO detectives spoke with her. I think probably she was at a breaking point. I'm gonna listen. Did you hear me?

[Dr. Katherine Ramsland (Forensic Psychologist)]

Damn.

[Detective or Interviewer]

You better listen. I'll use my goddamn knife.

[Dr. Katherine Ramsland (Forensic Psychologist)]

You.

[Detective or Interviewer]

They'll never find you.

[M. William Phelps (Narrator/Investigative Journalist)]

Paper Ghost Season Season 4 is written and executive produced by me, M. William Phelps, script consulting by Rose Bacci, sound design by Matt Russell, executive production by Kathryn Law and audio editing and mixing by Brandon Dicker. Takaboom productions. The series theme 442 is written and performed by Thomas Phelps and Tom Mo.

[Podcast Host]

10 athletes will face the toughest job interview in fitness that will push past physical and mental breaking points.

You are the fittest of the fit. Only one of you will leave here with an IFIT contract for $250,000.

[M. William Phelps (Narrator/Investigative Journalist)]

This is where mindset comes in.

[Podcast Host]

Someone will be eliminated. Pressure is coming down. This is Trainer games.

[M. William Phelps (Narrator/Investigative Journalist)]

Watch it on prime video starting January 8th.

[Podcast Host]

Then the space hamster flew his hot air balloon all the way to the bottom of the ocean. Where did that story come from? Book Dream?

[M. William Phelps (Narrator/Investigative Journalist)]

Nope.

[Podcast Host]

It came from a conversation. Meet Meco Mini plus, the AI companion that co creates personalized story adventure adventures with your child in real time. What color was the hamster's cape and what did he pack for lunch? Unlock your child's imagination. Discover Miko Mini plus and the magic of AI Exclusively at Costco. Come for the Black Friday seasonal savings stay for the award winning reporting for a limited time access to the Washington Post is just 99 cents. That's unlimited access to all of the posts for only 99 cents every four weeks. That's a great deal for the first year. After that it'll cost $12 every four weeks. You can cancel anytime. But don't wait. This Black Friday seasonal offer won't be here for long. Go to washingtonpost.com iheart and grab this deal before it's gone. That's washingtonpost.com iheart this is an IHEART podcast.

[Investigator or Law Enforcement Officer]

Guaranteed human.