In this episode of pplpod, we explore the life of Tipu Sultan, the Tiger of Mysore, one of the most formidable enemies the British East India Company ever faced in India. The episode begins at Seringapatam on May 4, 1799, as British-led forces breach the fortress walls and Tipu’s French advisors urge him to escape. Instead, he chooses to fight, reportedly declaring that it is better to live one day as a tiger than a thousand years as a sheep before dying in hand-to-hand combat near the gateway. That dramatic end was not just the fall of a ruler. It removed the greatest military, economic, and technological obstacle standing between the British and domination of the Indian subcontinent.

The episode also follows Tipu’s rise from the son of Haider Ali, a self-made military ruler, into a hardened commander trained by French officers, fluent in statecraft, and obsessed with innovation. By his teens, Tipu was already fighting the British and commanding cavalry. He embraced the tiger as a symbol of power, branding his army, weapons, and court with tiger imagery. The discussion covers his greatest military innovation: Mysorean iron-cased rockets, which could travel up to two kilometers, disrupt British infantry formations, and later inspire the Congreve rockets remembered in “the rockets’ red glare.” It also explores Tipu’s state-run economy, trade monopolies, silk production, naval experiments, and global diplomacy with the Ottomans, Persia, China, France, and Napoleon. But his legacy remains deeply contested. He patronized Hindu temples and appointed Hindu officials, yet his campaigns in places like Kodagu, Malabar, Melkote, and Mangalore involved massacres, forced conversions, deportations, and religiously charged repression. Tipu was a visionary anti-colonial opponent, a ruthless monarch, a technological modernizer, and a ruler whose memory still divides politics today.

Key topics covered:

• Haider Ali, Tipu’s military childhood, French training, and the making of the Tiger of Mysore

• Mysorean rockets, iron casing, rocket brigades, British shock, and Congreve rocket legacy

• State monopolies, Mysore silk, naval development, agriculture, and economic centralization

• Napoleon, France, Ottoman diplomacy, intercepted letters, and global anti-British strategy

• Religious controversy, temple patronage, forced conversions, Seringapatam, betrayal, death, and modern legacy

Source credit: Research for this episode included transcript materials and supporting Indian, British imperial, military, and biographical sources accessed 6/10/2026. Content is summarized and adapted for commentary and educational use.