Richard Karn (39:27)
Happened since it had been enacted and certain changes, amendments and revisions seemed to be in order. Much of Leopold's Leviathan would be kept in place, but the judicial system, for example, was thoroughly overhauled, as was the functioning of the assembly itself. Right now I'm just going to hit a couple of the key points, but if you want all the details, the best work on all this is the Second Constitution and the Refounding of the Republic of Mars by Zeno Hamamoto. The Elysians heavily influenced the crafting of the second Constitution. They really put their stamp on it. The second Constitution cemented the post revolutionary verdict that there would never again be legal or social distinctions between people based on their place of birth. The egalitarianism of the Mons Cafe Group and the Black Caps triumphed over the Red Caps. Nationalistic xenophobia Any person who was present on Mars was entitled to exactly the same treatment as everyone else present on Mars. When you were on Mars, you were subject to Martian law, but you were on equal standing with everyone else. Whether you were just visiting or here to settle, you instantly enjoyed the rights, benefits and responsibilities of everyone on Mars. That's what it would mean to be a Martian being present on Mars. Now, this would cause some controversy. In the particular case of all those captured Omnicorps Security service personnel, there was nothing left on Earth to send them back to, so they just remained on Mars. Were they all citizens of the Republic of Mars now too? The fate of the stranded occupation personnel would be one of the early political controversies of post revolutionary Mars. But the answer in the end was yes, everyone present on Mars was a Martian. The particularly thorny case of the ex occupation forces did not disrupt the general egalitarian spirit of the Second Constitution. And one of the parts of Leopold's Leviathan that was kept in place was the mass leveling of income and wealth distribution. Credits and resources would be distributed as evenly as possible. Everyone was entitled to the same facilities, medical care, food, entertainment, whatever. And while some Martians primarily did former D class work and other Martians did primarily A class work, they all earned the same as everyone else. Because every Martian matters. This was an ethos that had sunk deep into post revolutionary Mars. Thanks to the final victory of the Elysians, the Blackcaps and the heirs of the Mons Cafe group. No one was more important than anyone else. Every Martian matters. Phos5 was still expected to be the main driver of the Martian economy. Even though when the Constitution was adopted, it wasn't clear whether there was anyone back on Earth to give it to. But assuming contact in trade was re established, the second constitution confirmed PHOs V was owned by the Martians collectively, and everyone would share the benefits equally. But while the Martians would share equally in the benefits of PHOSP 5, they would also share the responsibilities. After the revolution, everyone had to spend time doing phosphine extraction work, no matter who you were. This service work requirement was written into the second constitution and it obligated Martians to complete a certain number of shifts working the extraction sites. Everyone pitching in, everyone benefiting. That is the true Martian way. But though service work was compulsory, this obligation actually gave the Martians even more time to just live life. It spread the work out and gave everyone more free time. If you'll remember, one of the first and most enduring legacies of the revolution was the concept of the day off. Having more time to simply live life was one of the greatest of all the revolutionary triumphs. Just six years earlier, the Martians had all been working seven days a week. Time off was limited, days off, unheard of. But what's the point of living if not to live? To spend time with friends and family, to make music, play games, watch vids, whatever you want to do, all the things that make life fun and pleasant, all the things that make life worth living. There was a lot of work to be done in the months and even years after the occupation was over. But as time went on and Mars became more stable and more settled, the Martians finally worked to live, instead of living to work. The second Constitution also federated a lot of powers and responsibilities. Neither Tharsis nor Elysium wanted to open themselves up to a regime of Olympian supremacy. The Elysian Commune voted not to disband and continued to sit as the functional government of Elysium. The Tharsians, meanwhile, saw their own city as the richest and most intact of the three, and thus the natural new seat of power as Olympus was still being repaired. But both Olympians and Elysians objected to that. Eventually, a compromise was reached where the seat of the Martian assembly would remain the fields of Earth in the prime dome. But in functional structure each city would have latitude, though matters concerning PHOs 5 would be decided collectively by all of them together as a part of this process of federation. The second Constitution also overhauled the Martian Assembly. The assembly had always been an unwieldy thing. Every Martian was technically a member of the assembly, and everything technically had to be approved by the Assembly. In the first Constitution, ministers had been granted some latitude to carry out their jobs without having to check back with the Martian assembly all the time. But there was still room to make the whole legislative process a bit easier to manage. So the second constitution created a tiered system of delegate assemblies, from the lowest level of local assemblies up through larger sectional assemblies, then delegate assemblies for each of the three cities, and then finally the Martian assembly representing all of Mars. That assembly would then appoint executive ministers and the Consul, the new senior executive office that was no longer held on a rotating basis, but would instead be elected or removed by the Martian Assembly. The overhaul of the legislative system also brought to a close the freewheeling days of every Martian being able to speak in the assembly if they wanted. But to preserve some of that spirit, the assembly set aside days where any Martian could put their name on a list to come down and speak. These speeches were usually incredibly banal and boring. It's tourists, students on a field trip, but every so often you get something wild and unexpected. There are some great supercut vids of the funniest Martian assembly speeches out there, and there is really funny stuff in there. Please do go check it out. The second Constitution also reorganized the Martian Guard. They put checks in place to prevent the commander of the Martian Guard from wielding the kind of dictatorial authority Calderon had accrued. As the months and years passed without the return of revolutionary emergencies, the primary purpose of the Guard shifted from defending the revolution to just general public service operations. They were still an armed militia, but they mostly focused on emergency response, crisis management, and day to day law enforcement. And of course, they served as the Honor Guard at every revolutionary anniversary or holiday. The Guard was also put under several layers of oversight by the various delegate assemblies. And it goes without saying that the second Constitution eliminated that bit, exempting investigations into treason from having to adhere to the civil rights guaranteed by the second Constitution. That exemption had been thoroughly abused, so never again. But as they worked out the second Constitution and prepared to hold the first set of elections, the Martians still had no idea what was happening on Earth. It was not until the shippers arrived and started relaying signals back that the size and scope of the apocalyptic catastrophe was understood. They knew there were still humans down on the surface, but they were difficult to contact. Everything seemed like one gigantic mess. And this was not great news for the Martians, because there were still things they could not manufacture for themselves. They were getting by on improvised modifications or cannibalizing some machines to keep other machines working, but really what they needed was parts, equipment and materials that could only be found on Earth. And they knew for sure that the Earthlings needed Phos five, probably desperately. So there had to be someone down there they could work with to trade what the Martians needed for what the Earthlings needed. Now, I know what you're thinking, but no, that person is not Timothy Warner. Instead, the Martians made contact with the leaders of a post megacorporation manufacturing consortium. Basically, what happened is the manufacturing divisions of Bicor, Calcor and TCOR had been brought into uniform alignment when they merged into the three Core Alliance. When things started falling apart, the manufacturing division successfully isolated some of their computer systems and managed to keep a lot of their operations functional. With headquarters completely dysfunctional and falling apart by the beginning of 2253, the manufacturing division suborned a good chunk of the three core security services to protect their operations, even as their former parent companies crumbled and collapsed around them. The manufacturing consortium would wind up becoming one of the major players in the post corporate political Stewart, in part because of the deal they are striking right here. In April of 2255, after nearly two years of anxious waiting, the Martians brokered a deal to start delivering Martian phosphive to the consortium. Phosphide, which the consortium desperately, desperately needed. In exchange, the consortium would manufacture grav units, oxygen scrubbers, parts and equipment for both the Martians and the shippers. This marked the first reconnection between Earth and Mars. Winding back the clock though. After the shippers successfully reconnected with Luna Port, the Martians asked Gonzales to send some of the transport vessels back to Mars. In all the years of revolutionary chaos and upheaval, it had never been forgotten by the Martians that they had lost contact with all the Martians that had been deported to Saturn. Now that things were settling down, they wanted to finally send ships to retrieve their unjustly deported friends and family to find out what had happened to them, to bring them back. Gonzales agreed and a convoy of transports returned to Mars, where they refueled, resupplied, and then set out for Saturn, which had itself been a black hole of information, not just for months and years, but decades. But to follow that convoy is to open up a massive can of worms that is best opened another time. Because that's the prologue to the story of the children of Saturn. When things really settled down and stabilized, the manufacturing consortium sent a representative to Mars to represent their interests. And that guy turned out to be none other than Apollo Tanaka, the Once beleaguered head of Omnicore's Mars division left the company when he was fired. But he caught on at Bicor's manufacturing division. Since he obviously had experience with the Martians, the manufacturing consortium tapped him to be their representative. His arrival would stir up some controversy, but by the time Tanaka got there, records and chat logs from his era of Mars division were published and disseminated, mostly by those campaigning for the rehabilitation of Mabel Dorr. And it was clear how much Tanaka had tried to stop Warner from implementing the hated new protocols. And then when Tanaka arrived, he gave a fine speech lauding the Martians for their revolutionary victory. They were right. Omnicorps was wrong. It really was that simple. When his tenure as representative of the manufacturing consortium ended, Tanaka in fact chose to remain on Mars and settle there permanently. If you want more on the life of Apollo Tanaka, I highly recommend Apollo A Life by Ivan Ivanov. But once again, we're pushing the limits of the scope of our series. So let's bring it all back around and bring things to a close. As I said at the beginning of the series, the Martian Revolution is one of the most important events in human history. It changed the trajectory of colonization and settlement and expansion of the human species inside the solar system. Prior to the Martian Revolution, Omnicorps claimed everything beyond the line of lunar orbit. The Martian Revolution ended that monopoly and open space to anyone who could build a spaceship. The Martian revolution also obviously sparked a chain reaction that had huge implications. It knocked over a series of ever larger dominoes until they tipped over the last one, which is the end of the corporate era and a decades long collapse of civilization on Earth. Now, it was not the permanent end of civilization and within a generation Earth would once again be revving back to life. But it would be in a wholly different and reorganized way. The Martian Revolution did not just overthrow one megacorporation, it overthrew all the megacorporations. Omnicorp continued to exist, of course, and it still exists now, but as merely a teeny tiny remnant, more of a curiosity than anything else. It's really just some offices in Switzerland, mostly dedicated to preserving the memory of Timothy Werner. If you can believe it, it's a very silly, but a very fitting end for both of them. On Mars, the memory and legacy of the revolution is preserved in the myriad memorials, museums and holidays that proliferated in its wake. There's a permanent memorial and annual service at the site of Bloody Sunrise. There's a shrine to the memory of the 27/1 in the chamber where they died. There's the museum and gift shop at Stockade 7, which is a must visit tourist destination. And then there are holidays for everything. The anniversaries of the Day of Batteries and the Battle of Phobos. Each city had its own day to mark the surrender of the last of the occupation forces. There was an ongoing, though not bloody, fight over whether to celebrate the first Declaration of Independence in 2247 or the Redeclaration of Independence in 2250. There's a week long vid festival of works either from the revolutionary era or about the revolutionary era. Zhao Lin's work remains the centerpiece of this festival, but the biggest celebration of all is the anniversary of the Three Days of Red, which is a big three day party. Nobody works during the anniversary of the Three Days of Red. But then, in contrast, there's also a long and solemn day of remembrance to mark the anniversary of the bombs. So to this day, the Revolution remains an active part of Martian life. Not in the past, but in the present. The Martian Revolution has also spawned a vast historiography that began shortly after the Revolution ended. The first great work was the History of the Revolution by Astor Colfax, which was first published in 2257, on the 10th anniversary of the Three Days of Red. The most enduring legacy of Colfax's book was the permanent rehabilitation of Mabel Dorr, as he argued persuasively and conclusively that while she had made mistakes, none of the charges leveled against her were true. She should not have been convicted. She should not have been killed. You will always see Mabel Doran 44 shirts at any commemoration of the Revolution to this very day. Now, since Colfax, a vast corpus of books, vids, archival collections and documentaries have been produced that altered, augmented, revised, celebrated or criticized the Revolution. I I mentioned in the very first episode some of the biggest and most influential of these works. Anya Brownstone's Red, White and Blue, Robin Abarra's Mars in Revolution, Jabari Conrad's History of Mars. Though one person cannot hope to read and watch them all, I've done my best over the course of this series to bring in works that cover the ideological and intellectual gamut. Now, as I just said, it took a full generation for Earth to get back on its feet, at least to the point where humanity was once again fully reconnected. Not just Earth and Mars, but all the little outposts and colonies that existed before the Revolution and which proliferated in the decades to come. Binding them all together would be The Spaceshippers the Spaceshippers ancestral home would always be Luna Port. But spaceshipper colonies spread to wherever humans went. And naturally, a large number of shippers, mostly veterans of the Martian Navy, resettled on Mars after the Revolution. Booth Gonzales and his family, most prominent among them. From his new home on Mars, Admiral Gonzales oversaw the decommissioning of many Martian Navy vessels, returning them to civilian transport and shipping duties. But the Martian Navy would remain intact. They would act as guardians and escorts for the shipping convoys, which was especially needed after the space pirates start showing up. But again, that's a story for another time. Booth Gonzales himself remained one of the most popular figures in Martian history. He never failed to receive the most thunderous ovations at whatever ceremony or memorial he attended. The anniversaries of the Battle of Phobos or the anniversary of the final victory over the Omnicorps invasion fleet were positively embarrassing. In the rapturous glorification of Gonzales, descriptions of these events became more over the top with each passing year, as the events ceased to be recent events and became the stuff of myth and legend. Gonzalez served as Admiral of the Martian Navy until his retirement in 2288, and he died in Olympus seven years later in 2295. His death was marked by a period of mourning and I can tell you the most embarrassingly rapturous glorifications you've ever heard. But I think he earned it. Finally, we come to Alexandra Clare. When the second Constitution was adopted and the first elections were held, Alexandra Clare could not avoid election into the Martian assembly. Nor could she avoid being named the first Executive Consul of the Restored Republic. It was not a job she wanted. In truth, she didn't want to be anyone's boss. But she knew her presence would help guarantee stability, as all the various groups had reason to trust her. And so she did what she could to get everyone to buy into the new system, while never losing sight of the fact that she did have a position in all this. And she played a huge role in making sure that Red Cap ideology was buried. Mostly, her tenure as Consul really set the tone and tenor for the future of Martian political history. And while she knew this work was important, knew that there was no getting away from it, she also wanted to set down her burdens as quickly as possible. Claire had been going non stop since she first canvassed for shareholders in the run up to the election of 2244. She was tired. Most of her closest friends were dead, and she yearned for a more peaceful and simple life. So in 2262, the earliest she thought she could get away with it, Claire announced that she was stepping down as Consul. But even though she stepped down, Claire could never simply quit public life. She was always being called upon to give interviews and attend ceremonies and weigh in on current events. She mostly tried to keep all this at bay and only proactively thrust herself back into politics in the 2270s, when immigration from Earth to Mars once again became an issue. The catastrophe on Earth had all but shut down the pipeline of Earthlings to Mars. But after 20 years, it started up again. Neo Redcaps and the spawn of the spawn of GRU started raising a ruckus to block the Earthlings from coming. But Claire used the full weight of her popularity and influence to welcome and support the new immigrants the minute they step foot on Mars. They are Martians. That's the deal. And as Martians, they will help Mars rebuild, expand and thrive. Her campaigning carried the day, and the Martian assembly voted down a proposal to ban immigration from Earth. As the years went by, Claire pulled back further into private life, settling down in the Warrens where she had been born and raised. And though she never had children of her own, Claire became the presiding matriarch of the community. She always worked her extraction shifts and even as an old woman, did a better job than anyone. She'd been doing it her whole life. She also became an avid corridor hockey enthusiast and always supported the Omegas, one of the last lingering factional artifacts from her days as a Black Cap partisan. Through all of this, she kept working on One Red Life, her memoir, which became a magisterial account of her life before, during and after the Revolution. One Red Life is full of the tragedies and triumphs of the Revolution, of course, but it speaks volumes for Claire's outlook on life that when she reaches her resignation as consul, we're only 2/3 of the way through. The memoir. The final third is devoted to her post revolutionary life, because that life was the life she had been fighting for all along. And though some ignore the back third, they're really missing the point. Claire's life was not in service to the revolution. The Revolution was in service to her life. And it mattered to her that she got to live that life. Alexandra Clare died in 2320 at the age of 98. She was the last of the great revolutionary leaders to die, befitting the pattern of the revolution she helped lead. When she died, the Martian assembly declared a period of mourning that would last for three days. And that is where we will end things. It has been my great privilege to tell you about the Martian revolution. I hope you have found it as fascinating as I have. I wouldn't be here talking about all this if I didn't love it. I'm passionate about these events and these peoples and what it means for us here today, wherever we are in the solar system. And who knows? Maybe I'll come back because there's still the Nairobi revolution to talk about. And, of course, we cannot forget the children of Saturn.
