We’ve reached Episode 100 of Rubbish Talk — although technically it’s even more once you include our pilot and special episodes! Across those recordings we’ve had 77 guests, over 100 hours of conversation, and listeners from 73 countries around the world. Thank you to everyone who has supported the podcast along the way.

To mark the milestone, Jane and Alasdair take a step back to explore 100 years of waste management in Scotland. The idea came from reaching out to some of our previous podcast guests and asking what they thought would make a good topic for Episode 100 — so thank you to everyone who shared suggestions. In particular, John Crawford (Episode 53) kindly provided a detailed paper on the history of waste management in Scotland, which helped shape this episode and the timeline we discuss, so a big thank you to John as well.

In the 1920s and 1930s, waste was mainly ash and cinders from coal fires. Collection was often done by horse and cart, and disposal was typically basic incineration or burning. Very little was wasted, as reuse and repair were part of everyday life.

During the 1940s, wartime rationing and government salvage campaigns meant materials were reused wherever possible. Packaging was minimal and most household waste could simply be burned in coal fires.

By the 1950s and 1960s, consumer culture and plastics began to change the waste stream. Waste volumes increased, incinerators struggled with new materials, and landfill started to become the dominant disposal route. Early environmental legislation also began to appear, including the Clean Air Act and the Civic Amenities Act, which introduced the first public waste disposal sites.

The 1970s brought major change with the Deposit of Poisonous Waste Act 1972 and the Control of Pollution Act 1974, which introduced licensing for waste sites and stronger environmental regulation. Collection systems also evolved, with many councils moving to kerbside sack collections instead of traditional metal bins.

This episode takes us up to the 1970s, setting the scene for the modern waste industry. In Episode 101, Jane and Alasdair will continue the story — covering the 1980s through to today and how recycling, regulation and the circular economy transformed the sector.

Finally, a huge thank you to everyone who has supported Rubbish Talk over the past 100 episodes — our brilliant guests, the listeners who tune in each week, and everyone who shares the podcast and joins the conversation about waste and resources. We’re incredibly grateful for the support, so here’s to the next 100 episodes and continuing to explore the fascinating world of waste together!