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Yesterday, as my daughter was walking past a boat in dry dock, she said, hello boat, I hope you have a nice rest. Which was a strange thing for a 20 year old to say, but sorry, that was just a hilarious joke. She's actually, she's actually not yet 3 years old, but even my daughter at only 3 years of age understands that a boat doesn't really need to rest like we do and is not a person that she can actually have a conversation with. What what she was doing was anthropomorphizing the boat, giving it human characteristics in order to relate to it. We love to do this with our pets, of course, and it happens all the time in books and movies. Bugs address each other in English, toys have vibrant inner lives, and anthropomorphized cars have eyes rather than headlights. Mickey Mouse would be a prime example of anthropomorphism, and we embrace it knowing full well that mice do not wear shorts, know how to operate a steamboat, or oversee corporations with a net worth of more than $120 billion. Or if mice do do that, they are significantly overachieving. I mention this because there are anthropomorphisms all over scripture, particularly where Scripture talks about God, and it's vital to understand this, otherwise we'll badly misunderstand what God is actually like. We know that God is spirit, meaning that God doesn't have a physical body as we do. And yet God Himself speaks of redeeming his people with outstretched arm. Scripture also speaks of God's hand, His face, his eyes, his ears, and even refers to his feet. Scripture also anthropomorphises God when it talks about him remembering Rachel or relenting from bringing judgment when Moses implores him to do so. How can an all knowing God remember Rachel if it was impossible for him to forget her in the first place? And how can an all knowing God change His mind about bringing judgment as if Moses had presented some new information to him that he didn't already know? Similarly, why would an all seeing God have to ask where are you? As he does of Adam in Genesis chapter one. The answer to these questions is that God is relating to his people by describing Himself with anthropomorphic language. He does so because, knowing the limitations of our minds and imaginations, he nevertheless wants us to know Him. So he speaks in terms which are intuitive and natural to us. So when we do speak of God using anthropomorphic language, we need to beware of downgrading Him. By doing so, we'd be making a mistake if we concluded from this kind of language that God is merely a man, except maybe bigger and more powerful. But at the same time, if we tried to avoid that kind of mistake by getting rid of anthropomorphic language altogether, we'd still be vulnerable to thinking of him in unhelpful ways. Yes, we could abandon all man like descriptions of God and insist on speaking of God only as spirit. But in doing so, we become vulnerable to thinking of God as being somehow wispy or impersonal or bland. So yes, anthropomorphic language falls short of fully capturing the overwhelming reality of who God actually is. But actually, any kind of language falls short of fully capturing any experience, let alone experience of the triune God. And that's why, when God wanted to reveal Himself to us in the most unmistakable way imaginable, he did much more than simply use language we could understand. The word anthropomorphism comes from the Greek anthro meaning human, and morphe, meaning form, human form. Both those words appear in Philippians 2, 6, 7, which describe, if I can put it this way, the ultimate anthropomorphism. It says, though Christ was in the form of God, he did not count equality with God a thing to be grasped, but emptied himself by taking the form of a servant being born in the likeness of men. Anthropos. In other words, in Christ, God takes on human form so that we can relate to Him. Anthropomorphisms are an attempt to accommodate the limitations of human understanding. We struggle to comprehend what God is like. So God, in His kindness and grace, reveals Himself to us in a way we can begin to grasp. When Jesus disciple Philip said to him, lord, show us the Father, Jesus said to him, whoever has seen me has seen the Father. In that sense, Jesus Christ is the ultimate and perfect anthropomorphism. Hi, I'm Barry Cooper, and this has been, simply put, a podcast from Ligonier Ministries. Discover more@simplyputpodcast.com Ligonier creates resources to help Christians know what they believe, why they believe it, how to live it, and how to share it. You can find these resources@ligonier.org.
Host: Barry Cooper
Producer: Ligonier Ministries
In this episode, Barry Cooper unpacks the theological term “anthropomorphism,” illustrating how this concept helps us understand descriptions of God in Scripture. He explores both the usefulness and limitations of anthropomorphic language and culminates his teaching by reflecting on the incarnation of Christ as the ultimate anthropomorphism. The episode aims to make deep theological ideas approachable for all listeners.
"What she was doing was anthropomorphizing the boat, giving it human characteristics in order to relate to it." (01:19)
"There are anthropomorphisms all over Scripture, particularly where Scripture talks about God, and it's vital to understand this, otherwise we’ll badly misunderstand what God is actually like." (02:20)
"He does so because, knowing the limitations of our minds and imaginations, he nevertheless wants us to know Him. So he speaks in terms which are intuitive and natural to us." (03:55)
"But at the same time, if we tried to avoid that kind of mistake by getting rid of anthropomorphic language altogether, we'd still be vulnerable to thinking of him in unhelpful ways." (04:39)
"In other words, in Christ, God takes on human form so that we can relate to Him." (06:01)
Barry Cooper’s concise explanation brings clarity to a complex theological term, showing how anthropomorphisms—far from being simple misunderstandings—are gracious accommodations by God to help us know Him. The episode encourages listeners to appreciate both the usefulness and the limits of such language, and points beyond it to the supreme revelation of God in Christ.