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Max
You've had a dynamic where money's become freer than free. If you talk about a Fed just gone nuts, all, all the central banks going nuts. So it's all acting like safe haven. I believe that in a world where central bankers are tripping over themselves to devalue their currency, Bitcoin wins. In the world of fiat currencies, Bitcoin is the victor. I mean, that's part of the bull case for Bitcoin. If you're not paying attention, you probably should be. Probably should be. Probably should be.
Podcast Host
Max, it's great to be here with you.
Max
Yeah, thanks for having me.
Podcast Host
Thanks for coming. We've got the new bitkey in my hand.
Max
Awesome.
Podcast Host
We just set it up and I think a lot of people are going to be extremely happy with what you guys put together. I think based off our conversation or ongoing conversations over the last year, I think we should start from the beginning, really hone in on the hard problems of self custody and how you guys have approached that design problem as it pertains to Bitcoin self custody, because not your keys, not your coins, obviously it's been a meme for well over a decade at this point. But for many people, the sort of jumping over the hurdle of taking other coins off an exchange onto a hardware wallet, it's a no go for them. There's too many sort of hurdles, seed phrases, having the hardware while thinking about how to secure it. And this is the design problem that you guys have been focused on. So from first principles, how do you guys approach self custody?
Max
Yeah, it's almost exactly as you described right up front, which is about the hardest problem since self custody. And so the way we think about this is we want people to be able to own their own coins. And we know there are a lot of barriers to that. We know there are a lot of problems that they might not be able to solve themselves and for which they want and need great tools that make it really easy to get the right security recovery and privacy properties. And so we started looking at this as kind of that holistic problem right when we started developing bitkey. And we started with a really long list of things that we wanted to solve. And I think everybody knows can't solve everything at once. And so we tried to hone in on what is it that's really in most people's way. And for us, the very first answer to that was really about recovery and it was about safety, safety and ease of use. And what we were finding is that lots of people were turned away from self custody, because beginning of the process is a really long list of instructions. The setup process takes a while. Things are very technical and people were being sort of left having to protect a seed phrase that maybe they didn't fully understand and sort of had to go on an odyssey to design their own wallet. And I think anyone who's familiar with bitkey knows that we spent a lot of time trying to think about how to solve that. And what we brought to market was basically a comprehensive set of recovery tools. We really focused on that first and we got the first big key hardware out there, the first big key recovery system out there. There's a lot of people start using it. And then one of the ways we work is we start listening to what our customers have to say and figuring out what was our vision of the next hardest problems. Right. And what we found was lots of the things that we were thinking about, our customers were thinking about too. And one of the next ones that we took on was privacy. So at some point we should probably dig into some of the improvements we've made there. So one of the things that typically happens with systems that protect Bitcoin and soft custody systems in particular is that you have to make a trade off. Maybe you get really good recovery properties, or maybe you get really good security properties. But especially if it's like a collaborative custody system that integrates hardware and software, a lot of times that means giving up privacy, like maybe giving a third key in a 2 of 3 multisig up to another company that's going to be there and support you. When you lose parts of your wallet that comes with a privacy trade off, that company can see your wallet, your balance, all the transactions that you've made in the past and future. And that's a trade off that I think had been largely accepted. And we spent some time working on that problem, figuring out how can we make it better so that you can lean on a custodian exactly when you'd like to, or lean on a self custody system or a collaborative custodian exactly when you'd like to, but maybe not have to give up all that privacy. And then what we're talking about today, and I think what you can see was one of the next biggest problems that we wanted to solve is coming back around to in a system that does all of those things, adding additional on device verification for transactions, transaction parameters, but not just some of those conventional things that are verified on screens and other solutions, but also like critical account security properties like emails associated with your account, sms associated with your account, that sort of thing. And so what we're looking at with the newest bitkey is the same ease of use, the same seedless sovereignty, the same private multisig, but with on device verification.
Podcast Host
I think this was the biggest point of feedback of the old bit key that I always got is there's no screen, like I need to be able to verify the receive address or the send address. And I think you guys did an incredible job of answering that question of like when, when screen and if so, how. I mean it takes up the, the full bottom of the wallet. And it's funny, we were going through the onboarding process of this and I was using it like an old bit key, like looking at it this way and you're telling me like, no, there's a whole new ux, you need to look at the screen and you put your finger on the back. So there's a new way of interacting with this ergonomically, which I like.
Max
One of the things I think, you know, as part of our core, part of our development process is we do user research. So we sit down with customers, potential customers, we watch people use the devices that we make, we watch people use the software that we make. And that heavily informed the journey choices we made in like the send flow and some of the things that you'll see when you're sending from that device. And then what you were just describing is actually something that we're currently adding some additional things to kind of help people use the new device in a way that's a little bit different. If you're an existing customer, you may have enrolled your thumb as a fingerprint on it, be tapping on the stone side of the device, there's a little bit different flow with the new device. And then people who are brand new to bitkey, what we found is whenever they're using the device, they go straight for that, that. And so we paid a little bit of attention in our design process to what it looks like to upgrade from our first bit key to the second bit key. And so there's a whole flow dedicated to that that kind of walks you through how to do that safely, especially if you're holding a lot of Bitcoin on BitKey.
Podcast Host
Yeah, well, speaking of new BitKey owners, that's actually one thing I'm curious to get some insight in from you is with the old bitkey even, I mean, again, radical changes to the traditional approach to hardware loss, no seed phrase, got this collaborative custody between the hardware wallet, the mobile app and Block's server in the cloud and a lot of bitcoiners that have been around for a while like oh this is completely new, it's a completely farm. But based off of all the user research that you've done and interviews that you've done, how like people that have gone from never having a hardware wallet to going straight to BitU where sort of like the main responses they give when you ask why bitkey?
Max
Yeah, I think by far and away the first thing I'd highlight is the onboarding time. So the time from unboxing bitty, either this one or the first first bit key is very short and you know, minutes, minutes from opening the box to making your first bitcoin transaction. And that's something that we thought need to be a core part of this. The door into self custody should be incredibly easy. And so we spent a lot of time optimizing that in the first bit key. And I think what we saw is that process alone brought a lot of new people into self custody. We saw people choosing it because now is the time for them to take the plunge. We saw people buying five ten plus bit keys and gifting them to others and saying to that person that they've been talking about getting off the exchange with, there's finally something that you can use to do this. And I love that every time we see it. And so we saw a lot of that. And then something that we also saw, and that is definitely part of what led to our latest and newest bitkey is that we also saw a lot of bitcoiners using it. People who had held bitcoin for a really long time, familiar with a lot of other products and already they knew the value of self custody. They'd up set it up themselves. Frankly they'd taken a lot of pain in doing so over many years, especially people who'd been in for a long time and we found that they love bitkey too. And so we started hearing from especially that part of our customer set that they'd love to have a screen and have that option on BitKey to do this kind of on device verification. And so we really saw a bunch of different people using BitKey which is one of the things that we, every time we launch a product we get some surprised by some of the things that people do with it. And it's always awesome to see that here.
Podcast Host
What are some of the non obvious pitfalls, edge cases or design decisions that most people are probably unaware of when it comes to designing a hardware wallet, let alone one like the one that you guys are putting out.
Max
I think the thing I'd highlight here is that the set of things that can happen to people when they're self custodying their coins is unbelievably large. Like maybe you lose your phone and you lose your hardware. I'll use that as an example. So you lose both. That one's not unintuitive. But a lot of people when they're first looking at bitkey, they wonder what happens if I lose my phone or what happens if I lose my hardware? And they're very easy answers to those questions in our system. But then they start to get to things like what if I lose both? And we have a recovery context solution for that. They get to questions like what happens if Block goes out of business? And is it making bitkey anymore? And we have our emergency exit kit for that. And we had to go through all of these different cases of well, what if somebody lost their phone and then they clicked these buttons and then they got a new device and they started onboarding but they didn't finish it and then they pick it back up later. And the team has spent so much time looking closely at making all of those flows really robust and accounting for all those cases, cases to make sure that this just works. Like in all the cases where you can lose things, you get a new phone with different app versions, different firmware versions. We've covered so much that I think that task is really kind of the invisible complexity under the hood. And the way I think about that is when we take on complexity and we sort of hide it from customers, then they don't have to deal with it. And that's, that's what a tool's for and that's what big is.
Podcast Host
This is but one ingredient to everything you guys are doing across the whole Block family of companies dedicated to Bit. I mean every company within Block is dedicated to bitcoin one way or another. Now this is something I talked about with Miles in November during the Cash app launch. But like the pace at which you guys have been shipping, whether it's at Square Cash app now with bitkey, the new bitkey Proto, obviously with the rig, it's been astonishing. And as an outsider looking and going back to this conference last year actually with Miles was on stage talking about the progression of bitcoin within the Block ecosystem. There seems to be a sense of urgency behind what you guys are building. An attempt to get these tools into individuals hands so they can actually leverage Bitcoin the right way. Is that sort of vibe that I'm getting from the outside looking incorrect and.
Max
Absolutely. So there's a phrase that I use a lot internally and lots of us use internally, which is everyday matters. And it's one of these things that sounds obvious on its face like of course, everyday matters, why wouldn't it? But the difference between teams and people that operate like every day truly matters and any other mode of operation is radically different. And I think the thing that's really interesting is with that sense of urgent urgency with acting with urgency is sort of front of mind for us. We're also suddenly like more focused. We have an incredible amount of AI tools at our fingertips that we've been leveraging to move faster, move more correctly, move more robustly and honestly the pace has been awesome. The other thing too, and I think you'll see here at the conference like we've really started to connect the dots. So, you know, in the past we've talked about our goal being to make bitcoin everyday money and we've talked about doing that by making it secure with things like Bitkey and Proto. We've talked about making it more accessible with the Cash app exchange functionality that we originally introduced now seven to eight, seven to eight years ago, and then making it usable every day with some of the things you've seen from Square and Cash app in activating payments over the past year and now that we've started to really bring those things together, I think the whole is greater than the sum of the parts and we're really cooking.
Podcast Host
Yeah, I mean you can see like a day in the life of a Square merchant going about their business, accepting payments. Maybe it's fiat to Bitcoin and then at the end of the day they want to take some off the, off the platform and pay into self custody. It could easily integrate with this and it's, it's an urgency that I've again recognized but I really appreciate because I do think for the longest time we're at the Bitcoin conference and there's a lot of well name particulars, there's a lot of sort of themes that have emerged in recent years where it's focused on Bitcoin as this digital reserve asset, this digital gold that never moves, there's no velocity to it, there doesn't need to be. And while I will be the first to defend the properties of Bitcoin as a quasi digital gold and a incredible reserve treasury asset, that's not enough for me. Bitcoin is meant to be peer to peer cash and I think I feel Very fortunate that a company like Block is, is out there, like really keeping that ethos of like, no, it's going to be everyday money out there because it is an uphill battle. And I would argue it may be more of an uphill battle than it was a decade ago within Bitcoin. Just because this digital gold reserve asset narrative has taken hold.
Max
Yeah, yeah.
Podcast Host
And it's. Do you think it will be everyday money?
Max
I do, I do. And I think you can see the pieces coming together to make that happen. So one of the things I really like to illustrate this with is actually the square use case. So a merchant accepting Bitcoin is the type of thing that I think to lots of folks might sound like science project, and obviously not at this conference. But when you look at sellers broadly, their problems are about operating their business, they're about margins. If the seller is already a bitcoiner, then. And they're interested in this. But I think what we see is that people are getting interested in it because of what it can mean for their business. So when a seller uses Fiat, accepts Fiat payments, there's a 3% fee taken by the networks. And on the consumer side, you typically see that maybe on a receipt you are upset about the fee that you got charged, or maybe you see a sign at a merchant tacking on a fear fee or maybe occasionally on a larger ticket thing, you might change, you know, the payment method you use and that sort of thing. And most people on the consumer side, it's an annoying couple of percent. But the thing I like to bring this back to is that for a business that maybe on a great day makes 15% margin and maybe on a medium day is a 10% margin and maybe has some bad days, 3%, we just talked about 20 to 30% of their profits. That 3% is computed on the ticket size, not their profits. And so it's huge for them. And so, you know, the interest that we're seeing from sellers, some of it's from bitcoiners, but some of it is from people that just want to get around the fact that they're getting eaten alive by this sort of thing. And so that's not a block fee, that's not a square fee. Those are network fees. And so we want to enable square seller businesses with that. And I think those types of things, like those are, that's the beginning of really making bitcoin everyday money is having those, those exact, you know, benefits to bring people in, even if it's not on their radar yet.
Podcast Host
Yeah, I mean Sticking on the sellers. Because that's the one thing I've been curious about since you guys launched it in November. How's that, how's that been going in terms of the reaction of sellers that were maybe not even bitcoin curious, but just realized like, oh, this thing's here.
Max
I'm probably not the right person to talk through the whole, whole of that, but the one thing that I'll highlight is that it's incredible how much bitcoiners have come out to support that, that that activation. Sellers are get a bunch of influx of people coming around realizing that bitcoin's accepted there. The bitcoin map put a lot of sellers in front of local bitcoiners and so on. And we've seen a lot more people turning it on and starting to get the benefits. So a lot of momentum and I think you're gonna see a lot more from us in that area.
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Podcast Host
We'll bring it back to the new BitKey. I mean, you alluded to it, but again, I just went through the onboarding process when we were outside before we hit record, and I think the intuitive nature by which I was telling you, because you'll do something on the screen like put an email in, put a phone number in, put a recovery thing in, you'll do it on the device first. And me as somebody who knows what's happening, I imagine storing that in the secure enclave and then I'm interacting with the mobile app and basically using the NFC to move that information from the hardware device to the phone. And so it's there and it's in two places at one once. But between the secure enclaves, the. I don't know how to describe it, like, the peace of mind of like, maybe I'm a power user and I understand this, but I, I have a feeling it'll be intuitive for many. The fact that you have to do it here first and then you have this, like, active communication between the device and your phone. There's something, I don't know, very like, wow to me, like, oh, it is really on here and I have to transfer it here.
Max
Yeah, the, the core property of requiring hardware for critical actions like that signature happens entirely on the device. You see exactly what's happening, you know exactly what's going on at every moment during the process. I do think that that adds to peace of mind for customers. I think we, you know, we started off with kind of focusing a lot on kind of the, the onboarding process and the speed of that, I think what we found is once we were able to really optimize those things, the next step beyond that is we can give even more peace of mind. Beyond, like the weight and the beauty of the hardware and the ease of the software. Like by showing people along the way, you know exactly what they're confirming. I think people really get a lot out of that.
Podcast Host
Yeah. And speaking of the screen, what was the hardest part about incorporating this? Because I know with the old bit key you guys designed it said, we're not going to do a screen, it's a little too much work. What convinced you and gave you the confidence to build a screen into this?
Max
Specifically on the convinced part, our customers. So listening to customers, understanding what they want to see from us and why, as we went through that, we realized that while maintaining the same great properties of BitKey, we could add this. And I think that's something that, as we saw more usage, understood what people loved and wanted changed about Biki just fell out naturally in a way that I'm glad we're delivering on. And then on the confidence part, the team's great and the team's built very complicated hardware across the square portfolio. But this type of development is never easy. And I think the very direct answer on the hardest part is that coordinating between the phone and the hardware is not easy. A lot of thought went into, you know, what the phone shows at one time and what the hardware shows at another time. And these things are part of a really big recovery system. It's not just a pure signing device. Bitey itself isn't even just a wallet, it's a whole system. And so we put a lot of thought into how you maintain the state across those two things, like you're signing a particular action here. But then what do you show on the phone during that time and how do you make sure that it's in intuitive for people? And so you'll even see things like some color matching of what's being in, some animation matching of what's being displayed when it's time to bring the devices together. And lots of details that our designers and firmware engineers and so on spent a lot of time perfecting for you.
Podcast Host
You mentioned it briefly earlier too, but I think it's important, like, particularly if you're cycling either wallets or you're changing an email address or contact information on the back end, there's a whole process that goes into that as well.
Max
So with a lot of devices, if you're using a hardware device just as a signing device, and maybe that's the entirety of the product, is to provide a signing device. And then maybe over here you have systems that folks build that the product is that system. Maybe you integrate other third party hardware with it and so on. BitKey has all of these problems. BitKey does both of those things and therefore we have all of the problems to, to solve in self custody. And as a result, we end up with a system that includes things like a recovery email that we let you know if something is happening with your wallet and it's actually an account critical security critical action to change that. And so we want you to confirm that on hardware with the first bit key you tap, with the second bit key, you actually can directly confirm what the email's being changed to.
Podcast Host
Yeah, no, I mean, especially in today's day and age, you're like all the phishing attacks and $5 wrench attacks that are going on. Having to confirm on the hardware is something I'm becoming more confident will be a prerequisite for interacting with wallets in the future. You need to physically see it here, especially in the world of AI and all this and bringing it back to the atoms of it, which is like you need the thing physically in your hand to change anything. I think gives me incredible peace of mind.
Max
Well, since you mentioned the atoms of it, I'm sort of glossing over all the difficult parts. Developing hardware is never easy. And the team spent a lot of time doing extensive reliability testing, dropping in from different heights, accelerated aging and, and those sorts of tests, softness, things like this. And we want to make sure that whenever we add a component like a display that doesn't come for free, that comes with very intentional choices about the design and the quality and the implementation. And really there's a whole journey involved in bringing that into the system and starting to rethink how we can protect even more of the system with this addition.
Podcast Host
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Podcast Host
You mentioned it before we started hitting record, but it's been in the headlines a lot this year, particularly out of Frank France. The, the wrench attacks, the attacks on bitcoin holders broadly, particularly in that country, but outside of that country as well. And this is something you guys, I don't think you guys have completely solved it with this, but I think that is a problem that goes into the thought behind the design of what you guys are building or the one of the bigger problems that you're attempting to alleviate.
Max
Yeah, I think this really comes back to the sort of hard is problems in self custody list and this is one of the next ones. So you know, you mentioned because he hasn't solved it today and I wouldn't claim that we have. In fact, I think nobody solved it. I think it's an industry problem. And I think we see that with both the attacks that we've seen in France and also lots of the attacks we started to see in the United States. Feels like there's an acceleration, I think pretty clear there is one. And Jameson Lopp's chronicling of all of these, of course, can help put some numbers behind that. And it's something that I think is on lots of bitcoiners minds and I think lots of the solutions that people ideate about today, it's often things like a duress wallet. It's things that make an assumption that during a really horrible violent attack that certain things are going to hold true. That in our thinking through this problem space, we question, we think that, you know, even if you're holding a lot of bitcoin, most people, there's a lot more important things in life that are if they're suddenly threatened, like doesn't matter what kind of practicing you did with lying about your balance or, you know, hoping an attacker hadn't done their research beforehand. And so I think this is an unsolved problem and the team has spent some time thinking about and kind of designing a solution that we think is interesting. It's not something that, you know, it's not in BitQ today. It's actually something that we're kind of at the stage where we'd love community feedback and engagement. But basically our line of thinking is that we need to combine a couple of elements. What we really want is to set up a set situation where the bitcoin just can't actually move right away. We think that velocity is one of the best possible tools that we can give people meaning. That in some of the attacks and in almost all of the attacks I think that Jameson is chronicled, they're less than 24 hours their attackers showed up and they weren't putting themselves at risk trying to hold people hostage for a week or a month. And so a lot of our focus is on how can we provide a really safe and easy to use time lock capability that would allow people to set some parameters around how fast their bitcoin can move and find something that works for them for this type of protection. And it sounds like the sort of thing that, you know, you can Google time locks if you don't already know what they are. And it's intuitive and you might think that's an easy solution, but it's far from easy. And so, you know, Looking at, you know, in something like the BitKey system, directionally where we're headed is to provide a vault. We'll use that term to describe it here. Where basically between bitkey hardware and BITE servers, your, your default path is a withdrawal from the vault if you want to move your money. And when you do that, BITE hardware and BITE servers enforce biometric, basically liveness checks and enforce a delay parameter. So check that, you can put your finger on the hardware and maybe authenticate to the BITI app and then show that to the server, start a timer, and then when that timer expires, check those things again and allow money to move and let people configure what that time delay is. Maybe set that time delay to a week or a month, depending on your parameters, maybe longer. And then we started going down this rabbit hole and we said, okay, well it's got to still be self custody. So part of what the time lock serves is that after a certain point it unlocks that policy of biometric check delay, biometric check resolves and you can just move your funds in the same way you can today with bitkey when you have the hardware and phone in your hand. Then we said, okay, well, there's still a problem there. What if the attacker runs off with your keys and they just wait for that time lock to expire? So they show up at your house, they take your bit key and your phone, or your hardware wallet and your phone and they leave. And that's where he started to realize that, okay, actually we can do even better than that with what we call an ejection destination. So after the time lock, send it to a different wallet. And this is where it gets really tricky and where we want community feedback. This is a time type of thing that could be a friend's self custody wallet, it could be another setup. It could be custodial wallet. And the idea is that you should never be using these. This only gets used in the situation where you actually got attacked and they actually left with your keys for a really long time. Beyond that time lock, the default is that instead actually you withdraw from the vault before that time lock expires. And the app helps you do that. So not solved yet, but. But that's kind of the design thinking and we're going to share a little bit more about that and we'd love to hear thoughts and feedback and also frankly feedback about whether or not we should build it. Because we're trying to develop our roadmap in public and this sort of thing. We'd love to hear thoughts on.
Podcast Host
I mean, off the bat, I'm hearing this for the first time. Wait a minute, just hearing this for the first time? Yeah, I think it's a really creative solution. Right? Because particularly the time delay, because that's the biggest thing. It's like, okay, somebody comes to your house, move it now. Move it now. Okay, I care about my life, I'm going to lose it. Okay, I'm gonna initiate the move now. You have to wait a month. Okay, good luck. Yeah, get out of my house. No, it's a, it's a shame that we have to worry about this though. And it's one of the hardest, one of the hardest things to design around.
Max
Yeah, well, and actually on that topic, one thing we realized while we were looking at this is that bitkey might be uniquely suited to design for it. And the reason for that is actually one that I think is a little bit controversial, which is that bitkey doesn't use seed phrases. And the reason it's uniquely suited to rancher tax is because in that setting, seed phrases are vulnerability. They're too instant, they're too portable. Like somebody can take and leave with this and it's very hard to protect it. And really, you know, what we want to rely on here is Bitcoin transactions for moving money between wallets. And that's kind of the core primitive and the recovery system around BitKey that makes it safe to not use a seed phrase kind of sets up bitkey to be in a position to solve this. So that's part of why we want feedback is, you know, if this is the kind of thing that we can help solve for the industry in a unique way, we'd love to be able to do that.
Podcast Host
I gotta hold your feet to the fire and talk about potential protocol upgrades that could be able. Something like opvault or a Covenants proposal make this easier for you guys or personally as an engineer, they something potentially.
Max
Potentially. I mean, I think the thing that's, that's interesting is it's not required for us. And, and that's largely because when you have something like the BitKey server involved, you can rely on it for policy enforcement.
Podcast Host
It doesn't need to be enforced by the protocol.
Max
So you can basically lean on and we could talk about the trust assumptions in this, but you can lean on BitKey servers to enforce that time delay and the underlying protocol usage can use existing time lock mechanism without further upgrades to implement something like I was describing now, are there proposals that could potentially allow for different properties of regulations? Yeah, Absolutely. But then you get into lots of other trade offs that probably be a whole nother episode.
Podcast Host
Well, I think Chanko delegation is like a great example of weighing or designing something to increase privacy in a way that that is enabled by the protocol in combination with your servers. At Square.
Max
Yeah.
Podcast Host
Arbed out just launched Sig Bash, which is this similar blinded server, blinded signing server, which I think that's one thing I'm passionate about, is exploring the design landscape of Bitcoin as it exists today. Even if the involves bringing in some trade offs. Because in a lot of cases the trade offs are worthwhile and something I personally can stomach. I won't speak for everybody, but I look at chaincode delegation or something like Sig Bash, I'm like, these trade offs actually make sense to me.
Max
Yeah. And honestly, that's kind of how Bity started. Right? There was privacy trade off when we first introduced it, using the 203 multisig that we began with has a privacy trademark offer. We on the back end have a descriptor for the wallet that would allow bit block servers to know about your balance, for example. And with chaincode delegation, we wanted to take a huge step really for bitkey, but also for the industry in terms of that type of trade off. We wanted it to be possible to get the benefits of leaning on somebody to hold a third key for you. All the recommendations, recovery and safety benefits, while not having the same privacy downsides. And so chaincode delegation uses some relatively deep cryptographic magic that I won't go into extreme detail here. So I don't bore everybody basically to make it so that BitKey servers aren't sitting there with that output or with that descriptor of the wallet, knowing the balance, knowing the history, and excited that the team formulated that into a BIP proposal, BIP 89 and also look forward to feedback on that.
Podcast Host
So we were talking about it in Georgia at the Proto event. We were teasing it and again, going back to the pace of shipping, I think it was less than a month later, you guys had it live and in the wild.
Max
So that was cool to see.
Podcast Host
All right, before we wrap up here, what is your. What was your biggest hope for this new BitKey launch? What reaction are you hoping bitcoiners have when they see this at the market?
Max
I'd love to bring more people into Bite who haven't taken the plunge yet. So we had a lot of people come by the booth when we were selling in person last year. We're doing the same at the conference here. So if you're around in Vegas. I hope that we get to see you. But I think bringing even more folks onto Biki and getting this safety benefits, getting the security benefits, getting the privacy benefits, and finally having something that's really easy to use that gives you all three of those.
Podcast Host
Okay, well, Max, I know you're a very busy man. You guys are setting up, you're getting ready for a big week here at the conference. So thank you for taking some time to sit down with me and honestly, congrats and thank you. This is a beautiful piece of hardware, and I think a lot of bitcoin winners are going to love this product and share it. That's the one thing you're saying earlier. People love buying bit keys to share with people. We've been doing bitkey giveaways for, I think over a year now. Tftc. And that is the number one use case the winner uses it for. They say, hey, I've got one already. I'm going to give it to my. My dad or uncle who hasn't moved it off the exchange yet.
Max
So I love it.
Podcast Host
It's a great gift. Easy to use, hard to lose, and now even easier to use. More intuitive with the screen. So congrats.
Max
Thank you.
Podcast Host
Thank you, Max.
Max
Thanks for having me on.
Podcast Host
Peace of love, freaks. All right, so we just finished recording before we came in here. Max set me up with my new bit key. We funded it with 50,000 sats worth of Bitcoin. $39.18. Sats are cheap right now we're going to complete the circle. It's confirmed on chain, so we can send from this wallet. So I'm going to send back to another wallet that I control at the glare of the light in here. Listen, $36. Send 45, 000 sats back. I'm gonna continue slow loading the transaction on the phone. I'm gonna review on bit key. Hold it here. Address PC. All right, looks good. I'm going to confirm here the address is good. I'm going to confirm the amount. That looks right. Signing on the device.
Max
Thank you.
Podcast Host
Initiating transaction. Boom. Done. Sent.
Max
All right, that worked well. Congratulations.
Podcast Host
Thank you. Thank you.
Max
First transaction on the newest wiki.
Podcast Host
Is it?
Max
Love that. Well, for you.
Podcast Host
For me? Oh, yeah. Congrats, man.
Max
This is awesome. Thanks.
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Date: April 29, 2026
Host: Marty Bent
Guest: Max Guise (BitKey Lead, Block)
In this episode, Marty Bent sits down with Max Guise, lead developer at BitKey, to discuss the release of the new BitKey hardware wallet, its user-centric design innovations, and the critical challenges of Bitcoin self-custody—including the serious issue of physical “wrench” attacks. Together, they dive deep into the trade-offs, security paradigms, protocol considerations, and the broader mission to make Bitcoin accessible as everyday money. The conversation also explores planned solutions for physical security attacks and community-driven development in the Bitcoin hardware space.
"In a world where central bankers are tripping over themselves to devalue their currency, Bitcoin wins... If you're not paying attention, you probably should be."
— Max ([00:07])
"The door into self custody should be incredibly easy. We spent a lot of time optimizing that in the first bit key, and ... that process alone brought a lot of new people into self custody."
— Max ([07:17])
"The core property of requiring hardware for critical actions like that signature happens entirely on the device. You see exactly what's happening, you know exactly what's going on at every moment during the process."
— Max ([20:18])
“Specifically on the convinced part, our customers. So listening to customers, understanding what they want to see from us and why, ... as we saw more usage, understood what people loved and wanted changed ... it just fell out naturally.”
— Max ([21:15])
"When we take on complexity and we sort of hide it from customers, then they don't have to deal with it. And that's, that's what a tool's for and that's what big is."
— Max ([10:48])
"With that sense of urgent urgency with acting with urgency is sort of front of mind for us...in the past we've talked about our goal being to make bitcoin everyday money..."
— Max ([11:36])
"We need to combine a couple of elements. What we really want is to set up a set situation where the bitcoin just can't actually move right away. ... Velocity is one of the best possible tools..."
— Max ([27:38])
"It's a shame that we have to worry about this though. And it's one of the hardest, one of the hardest things to design around."
— Marty ([33:09])
"BitKey might be uniquely suited to design for it...seed phrases are vulnerability. They're too instant, they're too portable."
— Max ([33:19])
"Bringing even more folks onto Biki and getting this safety benefits, getting the security benefits, getting the privacy benefits, and finally having something that's really easy to use that gives you all three of those."
— Max ([37:45])
"I'm gonna review on bit key. Hold it here. Address PC. All right, looks good. I'm going to confirm here the address is good. I'm going to confirm the amount. That looks right. Signing on the device."
— Marty ([39:58])
"First transaction on the newest Wiki."
— Max ([40:25])
On Bitcoin’s Resilience:
"Bitcoin is the victor. I mean, that's part of the bull case for Bitcoin. If you're not paying attention, you probably should be."
— Max ([00:07])
On Simplicity vs. Security:
"The set of things that can happen to people when they're self custodying their coins is unbelievably large...The team has spent so much time looking closely at making all of those flows really robust..."
— Max ([09:20])
On Wrench Attacks:
"It's an industry problem...I think we see that with both the attacks that we've seen in France and also lots of the attacks we started to see in the United States. Feels like there's an acceleration..."
— Max ([27:38])
On Protocol Upgrades:
"It's not required for us. And, and that's largely because when you have something like the BitKey server involved, you can rely on it for policy enforcement."
— Max ([34:27])
| Main Topic | Timestamp | Key Insight / Takeaway | |-------------------------------------|-------------|----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | Fiat Currency Failure & Bitcoin | 00:07 | Central banks’ actions make Bitcoin the global safe haven | | Self-Custody Barriers | 00:42–07:17 | BitKey focuses on making self-custody easy, safe, and private | | Design & UX Innovations | 04:58–06:33 | Customer-driven addition of screen, improved UX, and hardware interactions | | Handling Edge Cases | 09:05–10:48 | Extensive consideration of lost devices, vendor shutdowns, version mismatches | | Mission: Bitcoin as Everyday Money | 10:48–16:27 | Block’s urgency to enable mainstream adoption and merchant use cases | | Security: Collaborative Custody | 06:33–07:17 | Multisig, recovery, on-device confirmation for critical actions | | Physical Security (Wrench Attack) | 27:09–34:13 | No seed phrase, timelock (vault) proposals, ejection wallets as deterrents | | Protocol/Privacy Trade-Offs | 34:13–37:31 | Chaincode delegation, privacy without full protocol upgrades, BIP 89 | | Community & Adoption Goals | 37:33–38:49 | Onboarding new users, BitKey as a gift and gateway to safe self-custody | | Live Product Demo | 38:58–40:20 | Marty sends bitcoin on new BitKey, showcasing on-device verification and ease-of-use |
This episode offered an in-depth look into the rigorous user-focused engineering behind BitKey, the evolving threats in self-custody (especially physical threats), and how the Bitcoin ecosystem must continually adapt. Max highlighted that solving the wrench attack remains a work in progress but that BitKey’s “no seed” paradigm and potential vault/timeout innovations could be game-changers. Both the hardware and broader ecosystem updates reflect Block’s ethos of urgency, innovation, and commitment to making Bitcoin truly usable for all.
-- End of Summary --