AI projects are failing at a rate that should make any leadership team pause, and the uncomfortable truth is that the model is rarely the real problem. We sit down with Andy Hayler, president and CEO of the Software Industry Authority and a long time data strategist, to explain why organisations keep shipping AI initiatives that look impressive but deliver zero measurable value.

At A Glance / TLDR:

the 95% AI project failure rate and what it signals
poor data quality as the top cited cause of failure
why LLMs are probabilistic and why hallucinations are inevitable
real world examples of confident errors in legal and strategy work
choosing the right type of AI for the job, not defaulting to LLMs
what the top 5% do differently: ownership, governance, ROI, measurement
building AI literacy so teams know limitations and safe use patterns
starting small with high value use cases and scaling via proven wins

We dig into the biggest repeat offender: data quality. When teams bolt generative AI onto messy corporate documents through retrieval augmented generation (RAG), the system can only reflect the gaps, contradictions, and missing ownership already baked into the data estate. From there, we tackle the misconception that large language models behave like normal software. LLMs are probabilistic token predictors, not deterministic calculators, which is why hallucinations and “confidently wrong” answers show up in high stakes areas like law, medicine, and engineering unless you design proper human review and verification.

Andy also breaks down the “AI is one thing” myth, contrasting LLMs with machine learning for predictive maintenance and reinforcement learning breakthroughs like protein folding. The practical takeaway is an operating model: pick the right technique, define success with ROI and clear metrics, assign business ownership for data, and start small so early wins build confidence and capability across the organisation.

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Where is your organisation most likely to be “confidently wrong” with AI?

LinkedIn: Andy Hayler

Andy's Book on Amazon UK: Beyond The Hyper: A Realists Guide to AI

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