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In the past few months, spending on AI has skyrocketed.
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Nvidia is making $100 billion investment in OpenAI.
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Amazon shares jumping today after the company announced a $38 billion partnership with OpenAI. Anthropic is adding another $50 billion to.
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Its AI compute bill.
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Nearly every big tech company has dedicated hundreds of billions of dollars to AI projects promising a transformational new era. Most of them are names almost everyone knows. Microsoft, Meta, OpenAI. But right at the center of this boom is a company that isn't a household name. It's called coreweave.
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Coreweave is this company that to a lot of people kind of came out of nowhere, like late last year, earlier this year. But they're actually this kind of major player.
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Our colleague Dan Gallagher reports on tech.
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Even though they're a small company relative to these really big ones, they are a major player in this position particular realm of artificial intelligence, data center computing.
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If you've ever used an AI product like ChatGPT, chances are you've interacted with CoreWeave. But you wouldn't know it. That's because the company provides the infrastructure for AI leasing out the super advanced chips that are needed to power this technology. That means CoreWeave has positioned itself to be a big winner in the AI boom, with its revenue on track to more than double this year. But investors and industry insiders are watching this company closely because if the AI boom is actually a bubble, some expect CoreWeave to be the first domino to fall.
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C
So for CoreWeave is like, really? They need AI to work. That's their entire business.
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Welcome to the Journal, our show about money, business and power. I'm Jessica mendoza. It's Wednesday, November 12th. Coming up on the show, the company you've probably never heard of at the center of the AI boom.
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CoreWeave began in 2017 with the purchase of a single chip. The founders were a group of Wall street traders based out of New Jersey. And they had a hunch that GPU chips made by a company called Nvidia were going to be a good investment. Could you just define what a GPU chip is?
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C
Sure. If you think about the computer that you're on has a main chip called a CPU that's kind of the main brain. A GPU is an acronym for a graphics processing chip. And what it does is it helps the cpu, like, process graphics more efficiently. That's the basic function. The way it does the computing, though, is it essentially accelerates the way the main chip works. And so when you put a bunch of GPU chips together, you know, in like, a cluster with these other central brain chips, you could have essentially this powerful supercomputer.
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Initially, CoreWeave put those GPUs to work mining cryptocurrency, but it was a volatile market. And when crypto prices crashed in 2018 and 2019, the founders looked at other ways their chips could be used, including artificial intelligence.
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C
These guys were coming out of the financial industry. The CEO was a former commodities traders. They've all kind of come up out of that era, and so that kind of fed their approach to this. Obviously, it fed the opportunity they saw. They realized they had this asset that was valuable, that they could pivot into, like, a profitable business model, and went after that really quickly.
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Roughly when did demand for these chips begin to increase?
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C
Well, if you think about the launch of when ChatGPT became essentially public, in terms of public launch, that was in late 22.
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Right.
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And really quickly, people flooded onto it, started using it. It got really popular really quickly. And that's what kind of triggered all these companies to start going really fast to build up their services. So with Nvidia, it was in kind of early to mid 2023 that all of a sudden they started reporting a huge jump in sales of their chips, which just took on this explosive trajectory. And that was these companies like Microsoft, Google, Amazon buying them up, and also coreweave.
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So, yeah, everybody wanted these chips. All of a sudden, coreweave had a bunch of them. So this was sort of a case of right place, right time for this company.
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C
Oh, very much.
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Mike, thank you for joining us today.
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Thank you for having me excited to be here.
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Last week, I got to sit down with coreweave's CEO Michael Entrader at the Wall Street Journal's Tech Live event in Napa Valley. And it's kind of legend at this point in tech circles, but you pivoted to AI infrastructure from crypto mining. Was there a moment when you realized you needed to change tech?
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I don't think there was a point at which we said, hey, we need to pivot. I think what we did is said, hey, we want to make sure that we have the ability to be super flexible in an incredibly volatile environment. And that turned out to be a good call.
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Today, CoreWeave leases its GPU chip power to some of the biggest tech companies investing in AI, like Microsoft and Meta. And its shareholders include Nvidia and OpenAI.
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You know, we want to be the best solution for delivering massive scale. And scale is an important part of this, Right? Like I always say, like, anybody can run a gpu, but can you run a fleet of hundreds of thousands of them so that you can train the most sophisticated models on the planet so that you can serve inference for the most incredibly demanding consumers of compute? And that's a very different proposition.
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I mean, it's a. The move is obviously paying off big.
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So far, so good.
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As AI spending has ballooned, CoreWeave continues to reap the rewards. This week, the company revealed that it's secured $55 billion in sales contracts. Here's my colleague Dan again.
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There's such demand for these chips that every company that's a player here, Microsoft, Google, Amazon, everybody keeps saying that we have way more demand than we have supply from consumers, from corporate, wherever it's coming from. And when you're a company like coreweave, who has these chips in the data center and ready to provide the computing, you've got a lot of business right now because demand is way outstripping supply for it.
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All these deals that coreweave has secured has made it part of a trend developing in the AI industry. It's called circularity. It works like this. Company A pays money to company B as part of a transaction, and company B turns around and buys company A's product or service may be using the money that company A gave them. This is also referred to as a dependency loop. CoreWeave is a company that's very closely entwined with other companies. Let me see if I can get this right. They are partly owned by Nvidia, who also sells them Chips. Nitinvidia also sells chips to Microsoft, which is Core Weave's biggest customer and is also an investor in OpenAI, which is also a Core Weave customer and a Core Weave shareholder. Is this normal? Like, what is this? It feels. It's so hard to wrap your mind around it.
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C
No, I would not call it normal. It's circular. You put your finger on it and I think if you press these companies, they're going to say, this is kind of how we work together to get this massive infrastructure project stood up, because we're going to need all this computing infrastructure to do all the wondrous things AI can do.
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When I sat down with Mike and Trader, I asked him about the idea of circularity.
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There is a component of which it is a team sport. Nobody can do it all. And so you're working together to try and deliver a size and scale of infrastructure that the world has never seen before. It stands to reason that you're going to have companies working together, investing together, driving different parts of this market together. I don't think it's actually unusual when you have a boom that's taking place in a very compressed period of time to have this level of interaction between the companies.
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Dan says the system of interconnected companies is okay as long as everyone is succeeding.
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But, yeah, you get in this world where you start to wonder if there was a problem with one of these companies somewhere, does it like kind of teeter the whole system? Because everybody's now got these super complicated intertwined deals going on.
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And if there is a teetering, Dan says coreweave's high reward bet might become high risk. That's next.
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This episode is brought to you by US Bank. They don't just cheer you on. They help every move count. With U.S. bank's smartly checking and savings account to help track your spending and grow your savings, your finances can go further because when you have the right partner on your side, there's no limit to what you can achieve. That's the power of us. Visit usbank.com today to learn more. Copyright 2025 us.
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A
In March, Coreweave made its stock market debut. Can you talk about how that went?
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C
Well, I mean, it's been a pretty volatile stock since it went public. I think it actually went down its first day of trading and then it kind of had this explosive growth up. And it really swings a lot on things like sentiment about AI, their own, you know, reported results as, I think last week, the stock lost something, you know, recently, like about 15% in a week. And that's, you know, not uncommon for them because it is pretty volatile.
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This week, coreweave reported its earnings and announced its revenue was on track to double this year. But the next day, the company's stock fell more than 16%. Dan says there are a number of reasons for this volatility. One of them is that investors are divided. Can all this spending on the AI infrastructure that Core Weave provides continue at this breakneck pace?
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C
I mean, it depends on who you talk to. There are some that think, oh, AI is going to this bubble, it's going to pop and not going to be around. And then on the other side are obviously the proponents, including all the companies involved, saying, no, it's going to reorder the economy and make the GDP double or all these other things. I think the more realistic risk is that OpenAI is going to be transformational, but it may take a lot longer than its proponents think. So you kind of have this push pull with, you know, how fast is this technology really going to be adopted, really going to change things? And is it going to happen fast enough to essentially pay for all these financial commitments?
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Right. And so if that happens, if the AI bubble does burst or it takes too long for the technology to reap the benefits of this transformation, what would that mean for Core Weave?
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It would be bad for them, honestly, because when you're Microsoft, you're Google, you're generating most of your revenue with businesses you've been in for a long time, are very well established and are going to still be there if AI doesn't turn into what people think it will. Core Eve is like, really specifically hinged on AI. So if AI demand really, really stumbled somewhere, theoretically they could be left. Because if you're Microsoft paying Core Weave, like a lot of money for like handling your computing, all of a sudden you just don't need that from them. You know, that's not good for coreweave.
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I asked Mike and Trader about the AI bubble. I wanted to know if it's something corweave is concerned about.
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It's very hard for me to worry about a bubble when, you know, as one of the narratives, when you have buyers of infrastructure that are changing the economics of their company, they're building the future.
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A
And one of the narratives that has come up too is this idea of even in the long term, companies that come up as winners and losers in this space, are there ways that you can insulate Core Weave from being the one left holding the bag if anything does happen in that sense?
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So look, from a Risk management perspective. One of the narratives around Core Weave as we went public was, oh, we're so dependent upon Microsoft. And now within the last quarter, you've seen us announce more deals with Meta, a deal that's at least $14 billion. You've seen us announce more deals with Nvidia. You've seen us, we're diversifying, we're doing all the things that a normal standard company should be doing to insulate themselves from the exposure and making the company more resilient, more scaled and better able to withstand any type of slowdown that could potentially occur. It's not going to be a straight line. We know that you're going to hit air pockets. We structure our deals out over term so that we're insulated from that. We don't have to absorb that there are better balance sheets in the world to hang that on than ours. We're really thoughtful about that. We spend a lot of time kind of making sure that we're well positioned.
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And in Mike's view, one way to build fast is to leverage debt, which coreweave carries a lot of on its balance sheet.
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The way that we built our business and were able to scale our business to such enormous scale so quickly is that we used debt because debt is the correct way to do this. I realize I'm in Silicon Valley and maybe that doesn't get as much traction as it does in New York, but debt is the right way to do this.
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This strategy of using debt to finance a business is common on Wall street, but not so much in Silicon Valley. Here's Dan again.
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C
Tech is usually a very cash rich business. So for years and years I've been on earnings calls where tech companies have bragged about the fact that they have no debt or almost no debt. So to see a company come into essentially the tech space and be open about the fact that they're building up with debt, kind of contrast with companies that can like write these massive checks out of their bank accounts. That's where it stands out.
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What are the pros and cons of this strategy?
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C
Well, obviously, you know, debt carries a risk because if you, you need to generate enough cash, free cash flow to service the debt, you know, pay the interest. And in the case of Core Weave, they have, they've got a lot of debt they got to incur in the future because they have to keep buying chips, keep expanding their networks, keep expanding data centers to service the contracts they're getting. So there's not just paying off the debt they have, there's going to be, will they have the growing cash flow to pay for the growing amount of debt that they're going to have?
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But so why do it this way? Is it the only way you can do it?
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If you're their size and you're coming into this market and competing with the companies they're competing with, that's how you have to do it.
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During our conversation, Mike Intrader made it clear that he's confident that AI growth is going to continue. But he also talked about a part of his personality which is key to understanding why he does business this way, his appetite for risk.
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I mean, ultimately, you know, for the first 20 years of, 25 years of my career, I was a risk manager, right? That's what I did, right? And you know, my job is to sit over as I continue to move up through the ranks over desks and then ultimately over full trading floors and over full companies. And so when I think about how to participate in this market, it's really through the lens of risk management as you're building at this unprecedented scale globally, as you basically building a layer of infrastructure that for all intents and purposes truly did not exist five years ago and certainly will not exist in a way that we understand it in five years from now.
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And Trader told me that the demand for this technology is just going to increase. This is the line that we're hearing from all of these AI CEOs and CFOs and all the people who are very bullish on the growth of AI. Everybody seems so certain of it. Is that fair? Like, are they seeing something that maybe the average person, me isn't? Because. And when I think of the amount of money that they're throwing at this, it's just mind boggling.
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C
Well, I mean, obviously if you're in the AI business, that's the way you see the world. That's, that's why you're in the business. You think it's going to be huge. They have a reason to see it that way. I don't know that anybody has a secret crystal ball to know the future. What they're seeing is the exponential demand that things like ChatGPT have seen. They see the potential for what AI can do for lots of different industries and think, okay, that's a definite thing, that's gonna be huge. But nobody can tell the future. They might be right, they might be wrong.
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That's all for today. Wednesday, November 12th. The Journal is a co production of Spotify and the Wall Street Journal. Additional reporting in this episode from Ben Cohen and Jonathan Weil. Thanks for listening. See you tomorrow.