
The Democratic candidate for mayor would be one of the youngest and the first Muslim in the job. He discusses threats from Donald Trump, and what socialism means in practice.
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WNYC Announcer
This is the New Yorker Radio Hour, a co production of WNYC Studios and the New Yorker.
David Remnick
Welcome to the New Yorker Radio Hour. I'm David Remnick.
Interviewer (likely a New Yorker Radio Hour host or journalist)
It has to cross your mind. I'm 33 years old. I'm running 20 points ahead. The guy that's right behind me has the likability factor of a traffic jam. It's very likely that you're gonna be the next mayor of this city with a $115 billion budget, a president that calls you a communist half the time, and he's threatening the city in many different ways. When you go home at night and you're thinking about this emotionally and people are questioning your experience as well, naturally, simply on the basis of age. When you're staring at the ceiling at 3 o' clock in the morning, as you must do.
Zoran Mamdani
No, you know, I have to be honest with you. I don't have trouble sleeping at all. I don't.
Interviewer (likely a New Yorker Radio Hour host or journalist)
Because you're walking across the city half the day.
Zoran Mamdani
Because I'm quite tired when I get to bed.
David Remnick
Zoran Mamdani is running to be mayor of New York City, and the polls have him at least 15 points ahead of Andrew Cuomo. Mamdani is 33. He serves in the state assembly, and he's a member of the Democratic Socialists of America. And a year ago, almost nobody had heard his name.
Interviewer (likely a New Yorker Radio Hour host or journalist)
But doubt never enters your mind. A lack of what if I let them down? Never enters your mind.
Zoran Mamdani
The weight of that hope is one that I do wrestle with and the responsibility of living up to it. But doubt I wouldn't say.
David Remnick
In the Democratic primary in June, Mamdani pulled off a huge upset, not unlike Alexandria Ocasio Cortez did when she ran for Congress As a young Democratic socialist herself, Mamdani beat former Governor Andrew Cuomo, who was trying to stage a political comeback. Cuomo is still in the race as an independent, and the Republican Curtis Sliwa trails long in the distance. It seems on one hand like an astonishing launch for a guy that who would be New York's youngest mayor in generations and the first Muslim to hold the office. But this has not been an easy run, not by any stretch. Mamdani's message of affordability clearly resonates with voters. But his call for more taxes on the rich has spooked the state's governor, Kathy Hochul. In Congress, Chuck Schumer and Hakeem Jeffries have balked at even endorsing Mamdani. And Donald Trump threatens to withhold federal funds if New Yorkers elect him, calling.
Interviewer (likely a New Yorker Radio Hour host or journalist)
Such a vote a rebellion.
David Remnick
He's a communist.
Zoran Mamdani
We're gonna go to a communist.
Interviewer (likely a New Yorker Radio Hour host or journalist)
That's so bad for New York.
Zoran Mamdani
But the rest of the country is revolting against it.
David Remnick
But Zoran Mamdani is clearly very good at this, very good at politics, at connecting to people. And last week I went to his busy campaign office in midtown Manhattan. He was just four weeks out from Election Day.
Zoran Mamdani
How are you?
Interviewer (likely a New Yorker Radio Hour host or journalist)
How are you? You did a very interesting video early on. You've done many videos, but one of the most interesting is you went around the city and asked people why they may have voted for Trump. And you got a range of answers. And then you talked to them further and some of them resolved the conversation by saying, I'll vote for you. What's your overall impression of why so many New Yorkers voted for Trump? And why would they abandon them, in a sense, ideologically and vote for a guy from the dsa?
Zoran Mamdani
I specifically went to two of the neighborhoods that had the largest swings towards Trump. Some of the largest swings were taking place in the hearts of immigrant New York. And I went to Fordham Road in the Bronx, I went to Hillside Avenue in Queens, and I wanted to ask New Yorkers a question and to listen to them. And when you ask a New Yorker an open ended question, you do not know where it will take them. And what I was struck by is the focus of two things at once. One, the inability to afford life today in this city and the sense that that which was so difficult to purchase today, be it groceries, be it childcare, be it public transit, be it rent, was far more within reach four years ago. And so a message of a cost of living crisis, a message of cheaper groceries, a message of a more affordable life, very much spoke to the crisis that people were living through. And amidst this, a diminishing faith in the ideal of democracy, the value of democracy, in part because of its inability to deliver on these material concerns, but also because amidst being told that there wasn't enough money for so much of this kind of an agenda here, there were billions of dollars Being sent for wars abroad. And it. It really stayed with me in that for many of these New Yorkers, and I would argue for many Americans across the country, it's not necessarily a question of making a decision by virtue of the ideological commitments of the candidate in front of you or what organization they, you know, consider their political home or their journey at large. It's a question of, do you see yourself in their agenda?
Interviewer (likely a New Yorker Radio Hour host or journalist)
Well, you. You have, in a sense, are the first major politician to get the vote of and recognize a huge proportion of our city's population, which is people who are Muslim and or Asian, south from South Asian countries, as immigrants or children of immigrants. That was a kind of unrecognized thing. We've never had a mayor from that background. And at the same time, you've had your troubles with the black vote. You've been in black churches, You've taken on more advisors to help you with this. But what accounts for your difficulty with black voters in this city, and will that change?
Zoran Mamdani
I started this race polling at 1%, and that's being charitable and perhaps rounding up. And in fact, at that point, to be included in a poll was in itself a success. And I remember many of my early conversations in speaking to pastors, trying to get in front of a congregation, and it took quite a few months. And our first church that I spoke in front of was because they told.
Interviewer (likely a New Yorker Radio Hour host or journalist)
You they were with Eric Adams or were we with.
Zoran Mamdani
Some of it was that. Some of it was, who are you? You know, and a reasonable question, A reasonable question for a state assembly member from Western Queens for whom most New Yorkers had no idea. And, you know, the first church that I got into, a church in Crown Heights, was because I had been following up with that pastor, Reverend Rashad Raymond Moore. I had called, I had texted, and then he happened to come to speak in Albany at the governor, state of the state. And I ran down the stairs at the end of that ceremony, and I said, reverend, how are you? Please, I'd love to. And we set up a meeting. And then I went and I spoke at the church. And then from that moment on, this is maybe about February, I would average probably about a church a weekend, and then by the end of it, two churches every Sunday. And at this point, it's multiple churches on a Sunday and also Seventh Day Adventist Church on a Saturday. And I remember sitting with another pastor in Queens who had endorsed Cuomo in the primary, this is in the spring. And I asked, why did you endorse Cuomo? And he said, I endorse Mario's son. And I endorsed him because Mario was good to us. And part of the reason I don't begrudge the journey that I've been on, the initial response that many have had is because I'm not just running against Andrew Cuomo. I'm also running against a legacy of his. Of his name and his last name specifically, and what that means to someone.
Interviewer (likely a New Yorker Radio Hour host or journalist)
But you have to be of a certain generation to have any in with Mario Cuomo.
Zoran Mamdani
And I think that also tells the story that has often been told as if it's a story of race, when I think it's actually more a story of generation. You know, part of the reason we won the primary is because we won young black voters, and that was part of us winning young voters across the city. And now the work is to earn every single vote. Beyond that, this focus on affordability is a focus that seeks to build on the work of so many incredible black leaders in this country, but also in the city. And, you know, just this past Sunday, I spoke at a church where Dr. King had actually recuperated in the parsonage of. After he was stabbed in 1958. And I stood on that in that same church and spoke of his quote that he said decades ago, which is, what good is having the right to sit at a lunch counter if you can't afford to buy a hamburger?
Interviewer (likely a New Yorker Radio Hour host or journalist)
But I'm going to ask you a question, inevitably, please, about socialism. And whenever you're asked this question, you quote Dr. King.
Zoran Mamdani
Yes, I do.
Interviewer (likely a New Yorker Radio Hour host or journalist)
Yes, you do. It's 1961. Call it democracy or call it democracy. Democratic socialism. But there must be a better distribution of wealth within this country for all of God's children. Fine.
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However.
Interviewer (likely a New Yorker Radio Hour host or journalist)
However, sir, socialism means something. To be a social democrat is different from being a democratic socialist. It's not an academic thing. You know this as well as I do. To be a democratic socialist means you're for democratic means of achieving socialism. But socialism, by any definition, means, at least to some degree, the state ownership of enterprises to some degree. And that can vary depending on if you're Edward Bernstein or Karl Marx or whoever you happen. Why do you gravitate toward socialism?
Zoran Mamdani
My journey into calling myself a democratic socialist begins with Bernie's run in 2016. And his campaign was a formative one for me and for. For many across this country, both in giving us that language, but also in explaining the core tenet of it, which to me continues to be a belief in dignity as the cornerstone of politics. And that I think that every New Yorker should have whatever they need to live a dignified life. And what I mean by a dignified life is that that which they need is. Is not then something that they can be priced out of. And so the focus of our campaign has been on housing. It's been on childcare, it's been on public transit, and in some senses, forgive me for interrupting.
Interviewer (likely a New Yorker Radio Hour host or journalist)
So what you're saying is anything that's a necessity, Housing, food, education, should not ever be given over to market instability or prices. It has to be there. I think it has to be free.
Zoran Mamdani
I think. No, I think that it has to be a fixture in each and every person's life. Right. My landmark policy on housing in this race is about freezing the rent for rent stabilized tenants we live in, which.
Interviewer (likely a New Yorker Radio Hour host or journalist)
Has been done previously by non socialist.
Zoran Mamdani
Yes, it has. Yeah. We have a city of eight and a half million people. About two and a half million live in rent stabilized housing. The city determines the rate of the rent increase, or lack thereof, of that housing through the Rent Guidelines Board of which the mayor appoints all nine members. And if I believe that housing is a human right, then it is incumbent upon me to use every tool I can to ensure that it is as affordable as possible. And here we have an example of where the city has a direct means by which to ensure that affordability.
Interviewer (likely a New Yorker Radio Hour host or journalist)
How is being a democratic socialist, in your view, different from being a Social Democrat or a particularly liberal member of the Democratic Party?
Zoran Mamdani
It often comes back to whether you're willing to fight for these ideals that you hold. Are many people who will say housing is a human right. And yet it oftentimes seems as if it is relegated simply to the use of it as a slogan as opposed to it being something.
Interviewer (likely a New Yorker Radio Hour host or journalist)
So by your definition that you'll fight harder for it than others.
Zoran Mamdani
I think that you mean what you say. What separates it from other styles of ideology or politics or theory to me, in practice has been a separation also of whether you are willing to reckon with the broken system, of the broken nature of the system we have around us and taking on the entrenched interests necessary to deliver these kinds of ideals.
Interviewer (likely a New Yorker Radio Hour host or journalist)
In practice, you say you reminded us that you worked for Bernie and you were excited about Bernie.
Zoran Mamdani
I volunteered.
Interviewer (likely a New Yorker Radio Hour host or journalist)
Fair enough.
Zoran Mamdani
I was working very hard.
Interviewer (likely a New Yorker Radio Hour host or journalist)
I think in 2012 you also did some work for Obama in Pennsylvania, am I right?
Zoran Mamdani
Yes, yes, yes, yes. I went. I think it was not 20. I think it was actually for the first election, 2008, I think so. But I door knocked for President Obama. Yes.
Interviewer (likely a New Yorker Radio Hour host or journalist)
And yet if I read your generation correctly. There is a distinct disappointment, particularly on the left side of the political spectrum, broadly speaking, with Obama. I wonder how you look back at the Obama experience. I know he called you the morning after you won. Tell me about that conversation and tell me about your sense of Obama vis a vision, Bernie, because it seems to me that you admire Bernie Sanders politics a good deal more than Obama's. In retrospect.
Zoran Mamdani
The call the morning after was quite a privilege to receive. And what I appreciated about it so much was that the focus of it was both on the question of hope and the importance of hope in our politics and what the transition to governance looks like. There comes a responsibility with inspiring others and with. With creating hope is that you must deliver on that. I think in your counterposing of. Of Bernie and. And of Obama. I also think of it as different points in my own life. You know, Obama 2008. I am. I'm sorry to say this. I'm in high school.
Interviewer (likely a New Yorker Radio Hour host or journalist)
You're killing me.
Zoran Mamdani
I know. I just wanted to absolutely say sorry before I stabbed you.
Interviewer (likely a New Yorker Radio Hour host or journalist)
Yeah.
Zoran Mamdani
At least I did it from the front.
Interviewer (likely a New Yorker Radio Hour host or journalist)
We'll all die someday.
Zoran Mamdani
Better to know that it's going.
Interviewer (likely a New Yorker Radio Hour host or journalist)
You were in high school in 2000.
Zoran Mamdani
I was in high school.
Interviewer (likely a New Yorker Radio Hour host or journalist)
We're going to let that slide.
Zoran Mamdani
Andrew Cuomo is probably going to have a press conference about it tomorrow. It's true.
Interviewer (likely a New Yorker Radio Hour host or journalist)
I was. I don't know if you just gained some votes or lost a few.
Zoran Mamdani
It's always a little bit dicey. The good thing about my youth is that I grow older every day.
Interviewer (likely a New Yorker Radio Hour host or journalist)
Yeah, join the club.
Zoran Mamdani
But. But, you know, these, these years are the end of high school, the beginning of college, and then through the end of college. And Bernie is a few years after college. And, you know, I think I had. I had this very interesting experience after college where I found out that organizing was a job. I didn't know you could get paid to organize. And I remember when I was looking for jobs in my second semester of my senior year, that the Public Interest Research Group was creating something called Change Corps. So I went to Boston for the training and we had incredible cohort of organizers and we really put through our paces and did a number of kind of capsules and seminars. And then I was posted for my first posting in Seattle and I ran MoveOn.org's Remote Phone Banking office. So I took these volunteers that existed online, brought them into a physical space. We made the case close to 400,000 phone calls for that midterm election. So I go from moveon.org to the Texas Public Interest Research Group. Talk about the Affordable Care Act. I then come back to Denver, and over the course of this time, I am also getting to know my cohort. And we're making maybe about $750 every two weeks. And the way in which we're told to make it work is we find somebody that we can just crash on their couch in whatever city that we're in. And so we start to organize internally and start to put together an aspiration of a union within the organization. And they don't take too well to it. And when we come back to Denver for the mid year, you know, retreat, the organizing starts to build and one member of the cohort is fired who's seen as being particularly disruptive, perhaps particularly a leader of this organizing effort. And I was one of those who was very, very much invested, and I saw the writing on the wall. I give this to you as a, as an example of what also the experience was with liberal politics and testing out the uses of some of these things.
Interviewer (likely a New Yorker Radio Hour host or journalist)
A morality tale to say liberalism let you down.
Zoran Mamdani
No, it's more to say that I.
Interviewer (likely a New Yorker Radio Hour host or journalist)
Know you were critical of Obama for, you know, because of drones, for example, which was a very common critique. I mean, the most radical thing about Obama was identity. First black president. But he was not a radical. He is not a radical. You describe yourself as a radical. You do, continually.
Zoran Mamdani
Yeah. When have I described myself as radical?
Interviewer (likely a New Yorker Radio Hour host or journalist)
I will send you, as they say, we'll send you. There is a space between. You describe that space.
Zoran Mamdani
I think that the point of my sharing that story is also the limits that I found within a certain kind of politics and a desire for a politics that spoke to the broken nature of a status quo that wasn't specific to Republican politics, but also a far larger status quo that also included the Democratic Party. And ours is also a campaign that is built around a very specific set of politics that also looks to the ways in which our own politicians here in New York City have failed us and our own politics has failed us. And that that failure hasn't necessarily just been one of not enough New Yorkers being able to see themselves in it, but also the. The choices that have been made of what to focus on and what to.
Interviewer (likely a New Yorker Radio Hour host or journalist)
Ignore in terms of policy.
Zoran Mamdani
In terms of policy, in terms of people. When I went to speak to those voters on Fordham Road and on Hillside Avenue, there's a tendency to treat all of these issues that we're facing as if they were created by Donald Trump, when in fact, the most salient of them are the ones that existed prior to him that he has exploit, diagnosed and then exploited.
David Remnick
I'm speaking with Zahran Mamdani, the Democratic candidate for Mayor of New York City. We'll continue in just a moment. This is the New Yorker Radio Hour.
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Zoran Mamdani
This.
David Remnick
Is the New Yorker Radio Hour. I'm David Remnick and I've been speaking today with New York City mayoral candidate Zahran Mamdani. Now, if he wins the election next month, Mamdani would be the first immigrant in generations to serve as a mayor of a city that's now more than a third foreign born. He'd also be the first Muslim. Mamdani was born in Uganda to Indian parents. His father is a Columbia professor, Mahmoud Mamdani, and his mother is the filmmaker Mira Nair, who made Monsoon Wedding and other movies. Mamdani grew up in New York. He worked as a political organizer and he dabbled some in rap music. He became a citizen in 2018, and in 2020 he won a seat in the state Assembly. He represents a district in Queens. I'll continue my conversation now with Zahran Mamdani.
Interviewer (likely a New Yorker Radio Hour host or journalist)
You come from parents from the left distinctly. In fact, your mother was profiled in the New Yorker years and years ago. Your father's book was just reviewed in the New Yorker by Kela Fasana. And yet they sent you to a pretty expensive private school, Bank Street. You went to a high school that was public school, but it's for gifted kids who do well on a test. And then you went to Bowdoin, which an expensive private college. How do you feel about that educational legacy of your own? And would you do the same for your for your kids and how do you want to see this change?
Zoran Mamdani
The key is to ensure, and I would say this is true with education, but also with all public goods, that they are at such a level of excellence that all will choose to use them, not just those who cannot afford that which is being provided by the private sector. And my vision for this city is one where those, Those options that New Yorkers will choose to go to, the best ones are within our public school system. And Bronx Science was an illustration of a glimpse of that, of the promise that that education can hold for many. I moved to New York city when I'm 7 years old and I go to bank street, which is this very progressive middle school on the Upper west side, just a few blocks from where I live.
Interviewer (likely a New Yorker Radio Hour host or journalist)
Progressive in its politics, but private and expensive.
Zoran Mamdani
Yes, in its pedagogy. I mean, in terms of its outlook. And I'm both a student at Bank Street. And then there's this one period where my father goes back to Uganda to write a book on Makere called Scholars in the Marketplace. And I go back with my father for about much of that year and I enroll into the Aga Khan School in Kampala. And I have gone in just a space of a few months from a school where the worst possible grade you can get is a check minus to a school where I find that corporal punishment is still very much in vogue.
Interviewer (likely a New Yorker Radio Hour host or journalist)
Did you get hit?
Zoran Mamdani
And I wouldn't say hit, but I did learn that if you don't underline every sentence in your homework and then get it signed by your parent that you will have your ear rubbed together in the manner of. When you're. When you're going down a rope and your hands are.
Interviewer (likely a New Yorker Radio Hour host or journalist)
That sounds painful.
Zoran Mamdani
You know, it wasn't something I'd experienced at 112th and Broadway.
Interviewer (likely a New Yorker Radio Hour host or journalist)
Yeah.
Zoran Mamdani
But I think it's. This is part of my own childhood has been understanding that to be able to grow up without having to question whether that which I need would be that which I had is something that every child should have. And ideally, of course.
Interviewer (likely a New Yorker Radio Hour host or journalist)
Yes, of course, of course. But would you send your kid to Bank Street?
Zoran Mamdani
I would send my kid to a public school. And I think part of this is.
Interviewer (likely a New Yorker Radio Hour host or journalist)
That even if you had the means, and it was markedly, the quality of it was less.
Zoran Mamdani
Well, see, I don't. I don't think that that's the hypothetical.
Interviewer (likely a New Yorker Radio Hour host or journalist)
That we're not asking.
Zoran Mamdani
Hypothetically, yes, but by the time that I have a kid, I'll have been the mayor of the city and the.
Interviewer (likely a New Yorker Radio Hour host or journalist)
Schools will be that transformed.
Zoran Mamdani
Ideally, you Know, if you don't have an ambition to actually change the city around you, then I don't think you have a business in running. We allow the exceptions of systems to tell us the story of the system as a whole. And I think the, the importance here is that how can we make our public education such that even if you have the means, it's still where you choose to go? And there is an immense amount of work to be done in doing so. And yet I also think that it is critical to the success of governance as a whole, because schools are where many New Yorkers will engage with government the most. I think part of schools are the.
Interviewer (likely a New Yorker Radio Hour host or journalist)
Whole ball of wax in a way. But what confuses me when I'm thinking about these things, we have 150,000 kids in charter schools and they're public, but they're quite different from ordinary public schools, district schools. 90% of those kids are black and Latino and they want to be there. And yet people are very anxious about charter schools. I think you are. You don't want to see any new ones. Why? What? Why? It's a real dilemma.
Zoran Mamdani
Well, I've shared my skepticism on charter schools, and what I've said is a skepticism that is in part born out of the ways in which certain students are pushed out of those schools. Disproportionate rates of suspension for certain sets of students and the manner in which, you know, when, when I was at the heart of a fight in Albany to finally fund our public schools that had been required by law in the campaign for fiscal equity, so much of the funding that we actually won, the vast, you know, majority of it went to charter schools specifically. And these are questions that I've raised publicly and I've shared. They also don't preclude me from meeting with New Yorkers who feel very differently.
Interviewer (likely a New Yorker Radio Hour host or journalist)
Is it a funding question? We now spend in this city, $42,000 per pupil in schools. That's a lot. It's a hell of a lot. And yet wealthy parents are still plucking their kids out and sending them to private schools. Not middle class people and working class people. If they can get their kid into a charter school, very often they'll do that. What's the level of spending, what's the level of government reform on the part of your, your office? And you want to devolve power away from your office, which I'd like to know more about, that is going to make schools better the way you want them to be.
Zoran Mamdani
I don't think it's as simple as just a question of funding. I don't think it's that if we were to reach a certain point, then everything would be solved. I think there's also a real question of governance, of focus, of even internal reform. What I mean by that is that the Department of Education is the agency that city government spends the most on of any agency by a lot. We spend about 10 billion doll within that department on contracts. Now, some of those contracts are ones that are individualized per school district. There is an immense amount of money that I think could be saved were we to standardize a lot of this. Some of these contracts are also ones where we are procuring curricula that is then to be taught by teachers, only to then find out later at the end of the process that the curricula that the city has already procured is not actually teachable within the context that it's being procured for. And my point here is there has also been a strange history where we have hollowed out public capacity, replaced it with the outsourcing of much of these contracts in the name of saving money, and yet what we find is an ever ballooning amount of money that's being spent on them. We're talking about a city that's still paying McKinsey millions of dollars to design a trash can, a city where, for the first phase of construction for the second Avenue subway, we spent more money on consultants than construction. So I cite examples to say that to me, it's not that I want to get the 42,000 per student to 45, and then things will be better. It's that I want to make sure that every dollar is actually going into the benefit of the classroom, because I don't think that's the case when you're spending so many dollars out of the classroom. And so much of this is either, you know, it's a question of inefficiency. It's also there's a real issue of patronage within our politics. And in some ways, this is specific to us.
Interviewer (likely a New Yorker Radio Hour host or journalist)
Is teachers union part of that system of patronage?
Zoran Mamdani
I would say that the first place to look is what this current mayoral administration has been doing. And the first place I want to go, frankly, is Tweed or central, the upper management of the Department of Education. We're talking about the kind of apparatus that exists beyond teachers and students and the schools of this city and the fact that there are many positions there where I couldn't quite explain to you what the job does, but I might be able to tell you who that person knows smarter Governance.
Interviewer (likely a New Yorker Radio Hour host or journalist)
More efficient governance. And I have to say.
Zoran Mamdani
And an interest in governance.
Interviewer (likely a New Yorker Radio Hour host or journalist)
I've been a little bit surprised that you've seems to have taken a deep interest lately in the Ezra Klein, Derek Thompson abundance agenda. I would not have thought that of you six months ago.
Zoran Mamdani
Well, I think that the most important thing is delivering. And. And if that is your framework. Okay. Then you have to be willing to listen to everyone who can bring you closer to that. I mean, do you think that was.
Interviewer (likely a New Yorker Radio Hour host or journalist)
You a few years ago? Do you think these have you kind of become. I look at the circle that was around you a year ago. Mostly activists. That stands to reason. And now it's different. There are people from other campaigns in the Democratic Party. Patrick Gaspard. How's your relationship with Brad Lander now? Is he going to be your dad?
Zoran Mamdani
It's a good relationship. He's a friend.
Interviewer (likely a New Yorker Radio Hour host or journalist)
Will he play an important part? You're in your. In your being mayor.
Zoran Mamdani
I think that's what we're continuing to talk about, about personnel and those kinds of commitments. But I would push back a little bit on your characterization.
Interviewer (likely a New Yorker Radio Hour host or journalist)
Okay, go ahead.
Zoran Mamdani
In that, you know, I moved to the city when I'm seven years old. I grew up as a young South Asian man in this city. I see one of the clearest illustrations of a betrayal of city government in the way in which it treats its taxi drivers. And on the medallion issue. On the medallion issue. For a long time, these medallions were sold by the city to largely immigrants as a surefire ticket to the middle class. In the early 2000s, the value continues to be around $200,000 or so. The city starts to sell it all the way up to a million dollars. This is prior to Uber and Lyft. Even at that point, the way in which the price is outstripping the value, it sets these drivers up for failure. And there are suicides after suicides of taking their lives because of the weight of this crisis. And yet nothing is done. And when I run For State Assembly 2019, I'm one of the first candidates to send a mailer out to constituents across the district with a focus on the taxi crisis, saying that I'm going to end excessive medallion debt when I get into office. One of the meetings I have is with Senator Schumer and Senator Schumer, with whom we don't always agree on a number of.
Interviewer (likely a New Yorker Radio Hour host or journalist)
Who's yet to endorse you. And Hakeem Jeffries is yet to endorse you.
Zoran Mamdani
You gotta sneak it in. I did. Come on. And we sit down and we have a conversation. And one of the things that I ask Senator Schumer is to take a ride with me in a taxi with Richard Chao, who lost his brother to suicide because of the weight of this crisis. And he agrees. I think his father in law was a taxi driver and it has an immense meaning to him. And we build a relationship specific to this issue of the medallion crisis. And I helped to build with the union, the New York Taxi Workers alliance on the outside. And as we're doing all this organizing very much with Senator Schumer and his team who are leading the fight on the inside, these two things happening in tandem and the final part of this is going on a 15 day hunger strike and doing all of it while being in close coordination with the push and pull on the inside and building an ever expanding political coalition to come to the site of the hunger strike, to call the mayoral administration to push. And eventually we win $450 million in debt relief. We win a city backed huge victory. And I tell you this story because of the light pushback that the story of the things I'm most proud of are also the ones that include working with those far beyond just those who would identify their politics exactly the same as mine.
Interviewer (likely a New Yorker Radio Hour host or journalist)
You've evolved. People evolve, they change. And it's not just because you're running for political office and there are hot buttons in the city. For example, your first political experience in an organizational sense was in college at Bowdoin and you co founded Students for Justice in Palestine. And there was a lot of talk then about. And you wrote your thesis on Frantz.
Zoran Mamdani
Fanon and Jean Jacques Rousseau.
Interviewer (likely a New Yorker Radio Hour host or journalist)
Well, fair enough.
Zoran Mamdani
He always gets forgotten.
Interviewer (likely a New Yorker Radio Hour host or journalist)
Fair enough. But now you're at a point where you've also denounced Hamas as well as shown enormous support for the Palestinian cause and describe what's happened in the last two years as a genocide. In other words, your rhetoric and your language has shifted. And is that only because you're running for mayor or because people change?
Zoran Mamdani
This is the other part of youth is growth. And it stems also from reckoning with the complexities of so many things. I think one thing that has often been brought up as an example of this is the question of my views.
Interviewer (likely a New Yorker Radio Hour host or journalist)
On policing and defund the police and.
Zoran Mamdani
So on, and tweets that I sent in 2020 calling for defund and with critiques of the police department and, and you know, I grew up in this city thinking often about safety and justice and time and time again reckoning with the absence of that justice, whether it be learning about the Central Park Five, or Sean Bell or Eric Garner, or reading about Michael Brown or then to 2020, the murder of George Floyd, and feeling like the distance between these, these notions had never felt wider in my life in this city and reckoning with that distance and in the time since then, also understanding that in order to deliver that justice, it still has to be intertwined with that safety. And that when you do so, you do it with a recognition that you're looking to lead, whether it be at an assembly level or it also be at a citywide level. Police officers who are putting their lives on the line every day. Muslim New Yorkers in my district who had been illegally surveilled on the basis of their faith. Black and brown New Yorkers who were victims of police brutality. You lead all of them together. And you do so by understanding what it will take to deliver both of those things in tandem and the critical nature of the relationships around all of that. That actually gets you to that point.
David Remnick
Zoran Mamdani will continue our conversation in a moment. This is the New Yorker Radio Hour.
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Zoran Mamdani
The.
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David Remnick
This is the New Yorker Radio Hour. I'm David Remnick. When Bill de Blasio was running for mayor of New York back in 2013, he ran on a progressive message about extreme income inequality, and he memorably called it after Dickens, A Tale of Two Cities. But de Blasio's tools to make a dent in income inequality as a mayor were pretty limited. So I was thinking about all that when I spoke the other day with Zoran Mamdani. Mamdani, as you know, is a young Democratic socialist with big ambitions for the.
Interviewer (likely a New Yorker Radio Hour host or journalist)
People of New York, and he's very likely to.
David Remnick
To be elected the next mayor. We'll finish our conversation now.
Interviewer (likely a New Yorker Radio Hour host or journalist)
You have high aspirations for the city. You have extraordinary political skills and you've reached loads and loads of people who were either indifferent to politics or so bummed out by politics, particularly the Trump period. And that you've brought them in and you've said, I'm going to do this, I'm going to do this, I'm going to do this. And these are not minor things. De Blasio was able to do one big thing as mayor, one big thing.
Zoran Mamdani
He did freeze the rent three times.
Interviewer (likely a New Yorker Radio Hour host or journalist)
Okay, that's a little easier. But how are you going to pay for it is the big issue with you. In other words, where's it coming from? And you can't just say, I'm going to move the checkers a little bit on the checkerboard of expenditures. That's not going to work. You're talking about multi billions of dollars in which lots of costs are frozen, baked in. I think first that at the aspirational aspect of you is going to outweigh the practical outcome and you're setting up the city for disappointment. That's the case some.
Zoran Mamdani
Sometimes people treat aspiration as if it is a crime that that to dream of the city we deserve is. Is as if to engage in a politics that has no place. My job is to earn every vote that I can over these next four weeks. And there are also some New Yorkers whose votes I will only earn after being the mayor through them, seeing what I'm doing as the mayor. And that is fine because I want to continue to expand this coalition. The agenda that we've run on since October 23rd when we launched the campaign, there are three major points. Freeze the rent for two and a half million rent stabilized tenants. Make buses fast and free. Deliver universal childcare. The reason I was lightly pushing when you said de Blasio only did one big thing was that de Blasio froze the rent three times. And that is a key part of our agenda. The other two points are the ones that require significant fiscal investment. Making buses fast and free, you know, making them free is about $700 million or so a year. Universal childcare is about.
Interviewer (likely a New Yorker Radio Hour host or journalist)
How much do we lose in fares right now?
Zoran Mamdani
Buses collect around 45 to 50%.
Interviewer (likely a New Yorker Radio Hour host or journalist)
And how many people are paying for it as it is now?
Zoran Mamdani
That's, that's what I mean. About 45 to 50% of people on the bus are paying for it. And when the MTA did a blue ribbon study as to the nature of fare evasion. What they found is the highest rates of fare evasion are in the neighborhoods at the highest levels of poverty. But to go to your point, let's say it's about 700 million on buses, 5 or 6 billion in universal childcare. These are real costs, real, significant amounts of money. I would argue a few things. The first, these are the kinds of expenditures that do happen in city and state politics. I'm running against a man who found $959 million for Elon Musk and tax credits. One year in Albany, that's more money than it takes to make the bus free. We're talking about a municipal budget of 116 billion, state budget of more than 252 billion. These are not things you snap your fingers and then they're real. And here they are.
Interviewer (likely a New Yorker Radio Hour host or journalist)
And you're dependent on Albany.
Zoran Mamdani
Yes. You have to work with Albany and.
Interviewer (likely a New Yorker Radio Hour host or journalist)
That'S why you have the support of Kathy Hochul, the governor.
Zoran Mamdani
See, I do.
Interviewer (likely a New Yorker Radio Hour host or journalist)
And I know you have her support. You have her support on the specifics of your agenda.
Zoran Mamdani
When we spoke, you're relying on that. The thing that made me most excited was that we were speaking often about the affordability agenda. So her endorsement, Carl Hastie, who's the speaker of the Assembly, State Senate, Majority Leader Andre Stuart Cousins. Those are the three people described as the three people in the room. They've all endorsed the campaign and more importantly, the agenda behind the campaign of affordability.
Interviewer (likely a New Yorker Radio Hour host or journalist)
The President of the United States has offered to deport you. Russell Vogt, Trump's budget chief, recently canceled an $8 billion infrastructure project here. 1818, forgive me. And that's, I think, just for practice, that you can expect as mayor a really full assault from Washington. What can you do about that?
Zoran Mamdani
I think that will be an inevitability. We have to treat it as such, as opposed to something that's simply just possible. This is an administration that looks at the flourishing of city life, wherever it may be across this country, as a threat to their entire political agenda. And New York City looms large in their imagination. And, and part of that is because it is an illustration of everything that they claim to be fighting against and the ways in which this city is, should and could be the model of an alternative to a Trump style politics. But part of the issue is that for too long we've been the answer as to how we got Donald Trump as the president.
Interviewer (likely a New Yorker Radio Hour host or journalist)
But how do you stand up to him? What are the mechanisms and means to do so?
Zoran Mamdani
I think there are clear mechanisms in the way in which you prepare the city. Right. We talk about Trump proofing the city. Some of them are ensuring that you actually provide the support and the focus to a law department of the city that has a storied history of being on the front lines of fighting for civil rights, but is at this point understaffed compared to even just a few years ago. Too often we treat Donald Trump's pronouncements as if they are law simply by virtue of the fact that they come from his mouth, when in fact, what we are often discussing are the most obvious overreaches and illegalities that we've seen in modern politics. But part of the ways in which that you actually stop that is that you're willing to fight that. And I think we've seen in his first term and his second term that what Donald Trump most often respects is strength. It is not cowardice. It's not collaboration like we saw from Adams or coordination like we're seeing from Cuomo. It's someone who's willing to stand up and fight back. And the last point, I'll just say, is that we cannot allow this to become a contest between two individuals. Donald Trump suspending these kind of infrastructure grants. Donald Trump speaking about deploying the National Guard. It's not about Donald Trump versus myself. It's about Donald Trump versus the city. And that's why you need someone leading the city that can build a front of New Yorkers who have a wide variety of politics but are united on the question of this city and the importance of it and the fact that the federal government shouldn't be attacking the very existence of it.
Interviewer (likely a New Yorker Radio Hour host or journalist)
We live in very dark times. Political violence is now something we talk about all the time. Do you fear it for yourself? Do you fear for your life? If I can be more specific, I.
Zoran Mamdani
I'm fearful for those around me. And I hear you.
Interviewer (likely a New Yorker Radio Hour host or journalist)
But do you fear for yourself as well?
Zoran Mamdani
I try not to think about it. I make sure that.
Interviewer (likely a New Yorker Radio Hour host or journalist)
Can you manage when people come up to you and say threatening things on the street?
Zoran Mamdani
You know, being a New Yorker means being at ease with much of what is thrown at you. The other day, I was doing a press conference about our affordability calculator. Zorhan4nyc.com calculator that was the best pivot I've ever heard. You stuck in a few things. I can stuck in a few things. And there was a man who was biking around the press conference calling me a terrorist and telling me to go back to where I came from. And we continued on talking about Rent stabilization. But what concerns me is a man from Texas who was just arraigned on charges here in Queens a few weeks ago for making death threats to me. Death threats to my family. Death threats to my team. And I just think about the fact that so often the people who have to bear the brunt of these kinds of threats, it's not me. It's my district staff picking up the phone thinking it might be someone from Astoria who needs help staying in their apartment. Instead being told that they want a bullet, an IDF bullet to go through their skull. This is the language that they hear.
Interviewer (likely a New Yorker Radio Hour host or journalist)
Let's conclude by having a series. Forgive me for calling it a lightning round of very short questions. Very short.
Zoran Mamdani
To work on your segues.
Interviewer (likely a New Yorker Radio Hour host or journalist)
I'm trying to do that. You now live in a one bedroom apartment in Astoria. What our reporter calls a classic mini 3. Are you going to move to Gracie Mansion if you win?
Zoran Mamdani
I'm definitely moving out of my apartment. This morning. Was spending time with the super about the sink leaking.
Interviewer (likely a New Yorker Radio Hour host or journalist)
I see. Sink leaking.
Zoran Mamdani
Okay. Most of our towels are on the floor.
Interviewer (likely a New Yorker Radio Hour host or journalist)
Should AOC run for president.
Zoran Mamdani
It's been a pleasure and a privilege to be represented by Congressman Ocasio Cortez. And I think she's an inspiration not just to me but to people across the country.
Interviewer (likely a New Yorker Radio Hour host or journalist)
Should AOC run for president.
Zoran Mamdani
Habibi, you know what I'm doing. I know what you're doing. I think the world of her. I'll leave the decisions to her.
Interviewer (likely a New Yorker Radio Hour host or journalist)
My colleague Eric Latch says that you have a copy of Robert Caro's the Power Broker which I think is distributed free to everybody on your shelf in Astoria. Does the city need more Moses or more Jane Jacobs? More building or more preservation?
Zoran Mamdani
The city needs someone who can find inspiration in both.
Interviewer (likely a New Yorker Radio Hour host or journalist)
They said you were good. Top three New York restaurants your go.
Zoran Mamdani
To my Go Tos. My Go Tos Kebab King Jackson Heights. You got to go there for Briani. It's incredible. I would say. Then finish it off with some pawn outside. I last night. My wife and I were currently in 30 minute increments watching the Mission Impossible series. And we just finished Mission Impossible.
Interviewer (likely a New Yorker Radio Hour host or journalist)
30 minute.
Zoran Mamdani
We don't have much time. So it's taken about three months to get through Mission Impossible 4. We ordered from Pie Boat in Astoria. They have a great dish I'd recommend called Goy Noor. It's like a very spicy raw beef beef. The third place that I would recommend, I would say the lamb Adana Leffa at Ziara.
Interviewer (likely a New Yorker Radio Hour host or journalist)
Where's that?
Zoran Mamdani
That is on Steinway and you get the mint lemonade and then you have some hummus and some pita.
Interviewer (likely a New Yorker Radio Hour host or journalist)
I don't know if you're helping these restaurants you're gonna kill. Now you said you're gonna move into a new apartment, but you're not committing to Gracie Mansion.
Zoran Mamdani
Yeah, I'm not measuring the grapes.
Interviewer (likely a New Yorker Radio Hour host or journalist)
Gracie Mansion. Look, it's kind of not on brand, is it?
Zoran Mamdani
I don't think too much of brand, to be honest.
Interviewer (likely a New Yorker Radio Hour host or journalist)
Would you. But you. Would you give up your unstabilized place in Astoria? Or like Ed Koch, would you hang on to the mirror end?
Zoran Mamdani
My. My wife and I have just talked about the fact that a one bedroom is a little too small for us. Now.
Interviewer (likely a New Yorker Radio Hour host or journalist)
You have any announcements in this direction? Because she'll kill you.
Zoran Mamdani
Just a dream of being able to live a larger apartment than this one.
Interviewer (likely a New Yorker Radio Hour host or journalist)
Thank you so much.
Zoran Mamdani
Thank you, my friend. Thank you. Real pleasure.
David Remnick
Zahran Mamdani is the Democratic candidate for.
Interviewer (likely a New Yorker Radio Hour host or journalist)
Mayor of New York.
David Remnick
To get a full picture of the candidate, staff writer Eric Latch has chronicled Mamdani's remarkable rise in a terrific and deeply reported profile called what Sarah Mamdani Knows about Power. Eric's profile of Mamdani goes, I think, a great deal deeper than anything you've read. And you can read it now online@newyorker.com and of course you can also subscribe to the New Yorker on the very same site, newyorker.com I'm David Remnick and.
Interviewer (likely a New Yorker Radio Hour host or journalist)
That'S our program for today. Hope you enjoy the show. See you next time.
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Host: David Remnick
Date: October 10, 2025
This episode profiles Zohran Mamdani, a 33-year-old Democratic Socialist running for mayor of New York City, who has surged ahead in the polls to become the frontrunner against former Governor Andrew Cuomo. David Remnick, alongside an interviewer, explores Mamdani’s unexpected rise, his policy agenda centered on affordability, his approach to political coalition-building, and his response to national challenges—including threats from Donald Trump. The conversation covers Mamdani’s background, the generational and ethnic shifts in New York politics, his evolving stances on policing and Israel/Palestine, and the challenges of turning progressive aspiration into policy.
Early Lead and Unconventional Appeal
Resistance from the Establishment
Immigrant and Young Voters
“A message of a cost of living crisis, a message of cheaper groceries, a message of a more affordable life, very much spoke to the crisis that people were living through.” — Mamdani (05:18)
Challenges with the Black Vote
Historical and Generational Legacy
Formative Political Experiences
Defining Socialism in Practice
"What separates it from other styles of ideology … is whether you are willing to reckon with the broken nature of the system…and take on the entrenched interests necessary to deliver these ideals.” — Mamdani (13:11)
Evolving Views: Obama, Bernie, and Liberalism’s Limits
Family and Education
“My vision for this city is one where… the best [schools] are within our public school system.” — Mamdani (25:18)
Skepticism of Charter Schools and Focus on Governance
From Activism to Broader Coalitions
Evolution on Controversial Issues
“It’s not about Donald Trump versus myself. It’s about Donald Trump versus the city.” — Mamdani (49:35)
“So often the people who have to bear the brunt of these kinds of threats, it’s not me. It’s my district staff…thinking it might be someone from Astoria who needs help… Instead being told that they want a bullet... in their skull.” — Mamdani (51:02)
On Doubt and Responsibility (02:04)
“The weight of that hope is one that I do wrestle with and the responsibility of living up to it. But doubt I wouldn’t say.” — Mamdani
On Experiencing Diverse New York Voices (05:18)
“When you ask a New Yorker an open-ended question, you do not know where it will take them.”
On Affordability and Rights (09:03)
“What good is having the right to sit at a lunch counter if you can’t afford to buy a hamburger?” — Citing MLK
On Defining Democratic Socialism (13:11)
“What separates it…is whether you are willing to reckon with the broken nature of the system…and taking on the entrenched interests necessary to deliver these kinds of ideals.”
On Evolving Through Youth (37:29)
“This is the other part of youth is growth. And it stems also from reckoning with the complexities of so many things.”
On Trump’s Threats to the City (49:35)
“It’s not about Donald Trump versus myself. It’s about Donald Trump versus the city.”
On Threats and Staff Safety (51:02)
“So often the people who have to bear the brunt of these kinds of threats, it’s not me. It’s my district staff… Instead being told they want a bullet…in their skull.”
On Moving and Life Realities (53:06)
“We don’t have much time. So it’s taken about three months to get through Mission Impossible 4.”
| Time | Segment Description | |----------|--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | 01:39 | Mamdani’s lead, youth, and DSA background introduced | | 03:19 | Trump’s threat to withhold federal funds and calls Mamdani a “communist” | | 04:24 | Mamdani discusses why NYers voted for Trump and their economic concerns | | 07:02 | Reflecting on struggles with the Black vote and generational divides | | 09:03 | Quote about MLK and affordability | | 10:49 | How Bernie Sanders shaped Mamdani’s belief in democratic socialism | | 12:08 | Explanation of rent freeze policy | | 13:11 | Defining democratic socialism as “willingness to fight” | | 15:14 | On generational difference: Obama’s hope vs. Sanders’ transformation | | 24:38 | Family background and education; reflections on making public goods first choice | | 30:32 | Department of Education inefficiency and patronage | | 33:52 | Coalition-building beyond activist circles; working with Schumer on taxi medallions | | 37:29 | Evolving on Israel/Palestine, police, and rhetoric as a function of youth and responsibility | | 45:00 | Summarizes three main policy planks (rent freeze, free bus, universal childcare) and cost implications | | 47:25 | Responding to Trump’s federal threats and the need to “Trump-proof” New York | | 51:02 | Death threats, staff safety, and confronting political violence | | 52:43 | Favorite restaurants lightning round |
Through a deeply personal, candid, and at times humorous conversation, Zohran Mamdani lays bare the challenges, hopes, and shifts shaping his candidacy for New York City mayor. He confronts criticism directly, frames his bold vision in the context of lived experience and political realism, and acknowledges both the appeal and pitfalls of progressive aspiration. With the specter of Donald Trump and establishment resistance looming, Mamdani frames his campaign as both a break with politics-as-usual and a test of New York’s capacity to resist division and build a more just, affordable future.