NPR Investigation: Harassment In The Federal Court System

Summary

Summary of "NPR Investigation: Harassment In The Federal Court System"

The NPR Politics Podcast released an impactful episode on March 1, 2025, titled "NPR Investigation: Harassment In The Federal Court System." Hosted by Susan Davis and featuring in-depth reporting by Kerry Johnson, the episode delves into the pervasive issues of harassment, bullying, and sexual misconduct within the chambers of federal judges. Through personal testimonies, expert insights, and investigative journalism, the episode exposes the systemic failures that allow abuse of power to persist unchecked in the federal court system.

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1. Introduction to the Investigation

Susan Davis introduces the episode by highlighting the rarity of public discourse regarding the internal dynamics of federal judges' chambers, especially concerning the treatment of young law clerks. She warns listeners about the sensitive content ahead, including descriptions of sexual assault.

Susan Davis (00:20): "We rarely hear about what happens inside the chambers of a federal judge, especially when it comes to the way judges treat their clerks, who are young, vulnerable, and as Carrie found out, terrified of ever reporting any wrongdoing."

2. The Story of an Alaska Law Clerk

Kerry Johnson narrates the harrowing experience of a law clerk in Alaska who faced inappropriate behavior and eventual sexual assault by Judge Joshua Kindred. Starting her prestigious clerkship during the pandemic, she quickly became entangled in the judge's manipulative and coercive behavior.

Anonymous Clerk 1 (01:08): "It's kind of like a unicorn. It's a position that follows you for the rest of your life. It's on the top of your resume."

Anonymous Clerk 1 (02:03): "He'd told me that I was a confidant and he'd given me the title of career clerk. And you know, he'd spoken to me about what an honor that was."

As Judge Kindred's personal issues, including a divorce, intensified, so did his inappropriate communications with the clerk, culminating in a sexual assault incident at a party (02:44 - 10:49).

Anonymous Clerk 1 (02:44): "That's when he told me he'd been communicating with this prosecutor that was appearing before him. And she had been sending nude photos. And that was the breaking point for me, where I decided I needed to leave."

3. Jessica Horton’s Experience with Bullying and Discrimination

Jessica Horton recounts her challenging tenure as a law clerk, where she faced bullying and discrimination, particularly after disclosing her pregnancy. Despite the judge's assurances, she endured invasive and inappropriate questions about her medical condition and was pressured to return to work shortly after giving birth.

Jessica Horton (06:04): "My judge at one point asked me how dilated I was, and I didn't know not to like. And so she's like, well, maybe when you go to your appointment, the doctor should check."

Horton emphasizes the long-term impact of these experiences on her career and personal life, illustrating the severe consequences of unchecked judicial misconduct.

Jessica Horton (07:43): "But after this experience, I changed my mind. And it, I think, kind of put a nail in the coffin of my legal career pretty early."

4. Systemic Challenges in Reporting Misconduct

Johnson's investigation reveals the deep-rooted barriers within the federal court system that prevent clerks from reporting abuse. The lack of clear reporting mechanisms, fear of retaliation, and the immense power judges hold over clerks' careers contribute to a culture of silence and fear.

Aliza Schottzman (14:16): "I don't take it lightly when I say the federal judiciary is the most dangerous white collar workplace in America. There are no workplace protections."

Clerks often find themselves isolated, lacking support, and facing insurmountable obstacles when attempting to seek help or report misconduct.

5. Additional Cases of Judicial Misconduct

The episode highlights other notable cases, including Judge Jose Antonio Fuste and Judge Alex Kozinski, who faced multiple allegations of sexual harassment and misconduct. Despite numerous complaints, accountability remains elusive, with judges often retiring before investigations conclude or facing minimal consequences.

Anonymous Clerk 2 (19:01): "We were working together on a very high profile, high stakes death penalty case. And I remember that I was in his chambers and we were sitting next to each other and I remember that he put his hand on my thigh and I remember moving it off of my thigh and just being shocked."

Anonymous Clerk 2 (20:00): "He was able to retire with all of his federal benefits. So I thought, well, this doesn't really seem fair that all he has to do is kind of, you know, walk away."

6. Judicial Response and Accountability Issues

The federal judiciary claims to uphold high standards and has implemented policies post-MeToo to protect clerks. However, the investigation uncovers significant shortcomings, such as outdated reporting systems and ineffective oversight mechanisms.

Susan Davis (12:52): "And we're back. Here's Kerry."

Kerry Johnson (12:54): "The federal judiciary points to the departure of the Alaska judge as a demonstration. The system works. The Administrative Office of the Courts, which sets policy from Washington, says they've taken extensive steps to protect clerks and other workers since the MeToo movement swept the country in 2017."

Despite these claims, the personal accounts of clerks reveal a stark contrast, indicating that the systems in place are insufficient and often fail to protect vulnerable employees.

7. Advocacy for Reform: Congresswoman Norma Torres

Congresswoman Norma Torres leads the charge for judicial reform, emphasizing the need for greater accountability and clearer legal protections for court employees. She highlights the judiciary's resistance to oversight and the critical importance of legislative action to safeguard clerks.

Norma Torres (24:33): "We know there are many very, the majority decent, but it's that extreme minority that has made it impossible for their employees to work."

8. Legislative Efforts: The Judiciary Accountability Act

The episode discusses the introduction of the Judiciary Accountability Act by Congressman Hank Johnson, aiming to extend the same legal protections against workplace misconduct in the judiciary as those in the private sector and executive branch. However, partisan divisions and the judiciary's resistance have stalled progress, leaving many clerks without adequate recourse.

Gabe Roth (16:36): "There's tons of stats. You want to know the birth year of some random judge in Missouri from 1897. They have that. But the idea that they have not successfully captured the most common type of complaint is very frustrating."

9. Conclusion: The Imperative for Change

The episode concludes by underscoring the urgent need for systemic reform within the federal court system. The testimonies of overwhelmed and traumatized clerks, combined with expert analyses, paint a compelling picture of a judiciary in need of transparency, accountability, and effective protection mechanisms for its employees.

Aliza Schottzman (26:54): "The federal judiciary is outrageously exempt from Title VII of the Civil Rights act of 1964. That means that if you are a law clerk and you are sexually harassed, fired, retaliated against by a federal judge, you have no legal recourse."

Kerry Johnson (27:13): "But I've been told clerks who run into trouble on the job still face tremendous pressure to remain silent. A bad word from a judge can derail a clerk's career while judges serve for life."

The episode calls on listeners to share their experiences to raise awareness and push for meaningful changes that will protect future generations of law clerks from similar abuses.

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Notable Quotes:

• Anonymous Clerk 1 (02:03): "He'd told me that I was a confidant and he'd given me the title of career clerk."

• Jessica Horton (06:04): "My judge at one point asked me how dilated I was, and I didn't know not to like. And so she's like, well, maybe when you go to your appointment, the doctor should check."

• Aliza Schottzman (14:16): "I don't take it lightly when I say the federal judiciary is the most dangerous white collar workplace in America."

• Norma Torres (24:33): "We know there are many very, the majority decent, but it's that extreme minority that has made it impossible for their employees to work."

• Aliza Schottzman (26:54): "The federal judiciary is outrageously exempt from Title VII of the Civil Rights act of 1964."

This comprehensive investigation by NPR sheds light on a critical issue within the federal court system, advocating for the voices of those affected and urging legislative action to ensure a safe and accountable working environment for all court employees.

Transcript

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[Susan Davis]

Hey there. It's the NPR Politics podcast. I'm Susan Davis. I cover politics. And today on the pod, we have something special. Our colleague Kerry Johnson, who's NPR's justice correspondent, has been working for almost a year on a story about a subject. We rarely hear about what happens inside the chambers of a federal judge, especially when it comes to the way judges treat their clerks, who are young, vulnerable, and as Carrie found out, terrified of ever reporting any wrongdoing. And just a warning, this piece contains a description of sexual assault. Carrie takes it from here.

[Kerry Johnson]

In 2020, as the coronavirus pandemic began to shut things down, a recent law school graduate started a new job all the way across the country in Alaska. She accepted a coveted post as a law clerk. For a federal judge.

[Anonymous Clerk 1]

It's kind of like a unicorn. It's a position that follows you for the rest of your life. It's on the top of your resume. It's, you know, people pay attention to it, especially a federal court clerkship.

[Kerry Johnson]

The clerk hoped this job would jumpstart her career. She didn't know anyone else there, only the judge.

[Anonymous Clerk 1]

The judge was the HR department. The judge was my boss. The judge was a colleague. The judge was everything. He had all the power.

[Kerry Johnson]

He started testing her boundaries early on.

[Anonymous Clerk 1]

It started immediately, the inappropriate conversations. There was a lot of talk, you know, about the judges personal relationships, about sexual relationships.

[Kerry Johnson]

She says she thought it was part of her job to listen to the judge and help him with anything. He was going through a divorce and he began to text her constantly to the point where her phone felt like an electric leash.

[Anonymous Clerk 1]

He'd told me that I was a confidant and he'd given me the title of career clerk. And you know, he'd spoken to me about what an honor that was. And I mean, this is ridiculous, but I thought I was doing a public service.

[Kerry Johnson]

That pressure built. He texted that she looked like a, quote, fucking Disney princess and that he liked her blue pants. He even asked how things were going with her boyfriend.

[Anonymous Clerk 1]

You know, I never had respite from being just a few text messages away from him. It was constant. It was during work, it was after work, it was all the time.

[Kerry Johnson]

In the summer of 2022, things got worse.

[Anonymous Clerk 1]

That's when he told me he'd been Communicating with this prosecutor that was appearing before him. And she had been sending nude photos. And that was the breaking point for me, where I decided I needed to leave.

[Kerry Johnson]

She stayed in Alaska, but she got a new job as a federal prosecutor, and this, she hoped, would put an end to the ordeal. As it turned out, that was wrong. The voice you've been hearing is not her real voice, although they are her words verbatim were using a voice actor because she was too afraid to talk. You'll understand why in a moment. About a week after she left the judge's chamber, she ran into him at a party. I'm going to tell the next part of the story entirely from allegations in the court papers. That's in part because retelling it to me was too painful. At the party, he tried to get her to sit next to him on the couch. Eventually, she left, but she got a text from him saying he needed to talk to her. It was cold that night, so the judge suggested they chat inside his apartment. Once inside, the judge insisted she come to the bedroom. At first, she sat on the corner of the bed, but he wanted her to lay down. Then she told investigators he grabbed her breast. She tried to pull his arm off, but he was really strong. I just remember thinking, like, there's nothing I can do about this. She told the investigators this is about to happen. Like, I always felt like this thing he could not touch. And finally he felt like he could touch. He took off her pants and performed oral sex on her. A judge's control over the future of a young lawyer is real and lasting. With only a phone call, a judge can open doors to a lucrative job at a law firm or shut them permanently. And there's no one really policing what happens inside a judge's chambers beside the judge themselves. Unlike people who work for private companies, nonprofit groups, or Congress, employees of the federal courts usually cannot sue for mistreatment. For nearly a year, I interviewed 42 people, current and former workers within the federal court system, about their experience. They're men and women who work for more than two dozen judges appointed by presidents from both major political parties. I heard from people whose self confidence was shattered by judges who screamed so loudly. Others could hear from the hallways people who were fired after a week or two on the job for no clear reason. Some describe sexual harassment, like in the case of the Alaska clerk. Many more shared episodes of bullying. And others said they faced discrimination because they had a disability or were pregnant. Like Jessica Horton. When she graduated from law school at age 24, she felt lucky to get a job as a law clerk to a new federal judge. Horton says she disclosed her pregnancy a couple months before she started work. And at the time, it didn't seem like it would be much of a problem for the judge. She was herself a mom.

[Jessica Horton]

She told me that she took off two weeks when she had each of her children, and so she said, you can expect the same. And at the time, I had no context for how.

[Kerry Johnson]

How little that is inside those chambers. The judge's word is law, and Horton fell in line. She worried so much about missing work that she told the doctor she wanted to avoid a C section because of the recovery time. She refused an epidural, too, because she had read about complications with them.

[Jessica Horton]

My judge at one point asked me how dilated I was, and I didn't know not to like. And so she's like, well, maybe when you go to your appointment, the doctor should check. I had no idea. Like, I mean, at the time, like, I knew that that was wrong. Looking back, that is so incredibly inappropriate.

[Kerry Johnson]

Horton ended up back at work for an event 11 days after her first child was born.

[Jessica Horton]

And I remember I was still wearing all the pads because I was still bleeding. I was le milk everywhere. And I just remember dropping him off at my mom's house and being gone for those few hours and just being completely miserable.

[Kerry Johnson]

She returned to work, fighting infections and bullying from another clerk in the chambers. Her clerkship lasted a year, and leaving wasn't a possibility in her mind.

[Jessica Horton]

And I felt like it would have been career suicide at that point to leave my clerkship.

[Kerry Johnson]

She started counting down the days.

[Jessica Horton]

Yeah, literally on the calendar. And every day, I'd cross it off and just. Yeah, counting the days until I could be done with that and put it behind me.

[Kerry Johnson]

Starting out. Horton had been so excited about learning from the judge, having a mentor, maybe someday becoming a judge herself.

[Jessica Horton]

But after this experience, I changed my mind. And it, I think, kind of put a nail in the coffin of my legal career pretty early.

[Kerry Johnson]

Her son is now 9 years old. Sometimes they drive by the courthouse, and she reminds him that's where he slept underneath her desk as a baby. Horton decided to talk to me on the record, in part because she's left the legal profession, and things can get pretty tough for clerks who speak out. When the Alaska clerk reported the assault, she told a colleague who had been assigned to mentor her. But that mentor said she also had been coerced.

[Anonymous Clerk 1]

When I reported to my mentor, she was also the person that had been sending him nude photos and immediately told him that I reported the sexual assault.

[Kerry Johnson]

Her mentor later said the judge's power and authority contributed to the pressure she felt and he told her he would have sway over a job she wanted. The former clerk heard from friends. The judge was furious she'd told anyone. When she ran into him in the hallway at the courthouse, she says he warned her to keep her head down and shut up.

[Anonymous Clerk 1]

The actual sexual assault was awful. Don't. I mean, it was completely awful. And you know, I've since sought therapy for that and help. But what happened next was almost worse.

[Kerry Johnson]

The court system ultimately launched an investigation into the judge, Joshua Kindred. What followed were multiple rounds of interviews with investigators who cross examined her and stress tested her credibility. The court investigation took more than a year. All the while, two other young women clerks in the judge's chambers continued to work by his side. Then in July, now with the 9th Circuit's report released just hours ago, we.

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Learned back in May that the judge.

[Kerry Johnson]

Was told he could face impeachment if.

[Advertiser]

He did not resign for what the council concluded was sexual misconduct with a clerk.

[Kerry Johnson]

Judge Joshua Kindred told investigators that the sexual experience was consensual and that he had no, quote, sinister intent. The special committee found the judge deliberately lied when he said nothing sexual had happened between them. But the committee did not reach a conclusion about whether the judge sexually assaulted the former clerk, finding there was enough evidence to say the judge committed misconduct without even resolving that issue. Judge Kindred did not respond to NPR's attempts to reach him for comment. The clerk said she felt let down by the process. I want to be careful here and you respond in the way that you feel comfortable. After you left the job, the judge met up with you and assaulted you. And the 9th Circuit report is less than clear in concluding that, but it's certainly clear in your mind and the mind of your attorney. That is exactly what happened.

[Anonymous Clerk 1]

That is exactly what I experienced. Yes, I was sexually assaulted. I'm not sure why. That was a fact in dispute, perhaps not a fact in dispute, but not a conclusion drawn by the report. And I've never wavered on that fact. That that was immediately what I reported to the U.S. attorney's office.

[Susan Davis]

We're going to take a quick break.

[Kerry Johnson]

More from Kerry in a moment.

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[Susan Davis]

And we're back. Here's Kerry.

[Kerry Johnson]

The federal judiciary points to the departure of the Alaska judge as a demonstration. The system works. The Administrative Office of the Courts, which sets policy from Washington, says they've taken extensive steps to protect clerks and other workers since the MeToo movement swept the country in 2017. And they say they hold judges to the highest standards. But our investigation uncovered problems with the reporting system in the judicial branch. For one, there's a widespread culture of fear, and there's a good reason for that. Jamie Baker is a former judge who also worked in the White House and the military. The location where I found the power differential, the most distinct was when I was serving as a judge with law clerks. And I think that's something worth noting. Not only is the relationship intense, it often comes with a huge age gap.

[Gabe Roth]

Judges are life tenured. The average age of federal judges right now is about 65 or 68 law clerks. They are roughly, let's say, you know, 26 to 30.

[Kerry Johnson]

Gabe Roth is executive director of Fix the Court. He's pushing the federal courts to be more accountable. Here's the way the system works. Let's say a clerk has a problem. The first option is something called informal advice.

[Gabe Roth]

So informal advice can be anything like, you know, talk to the judge, write down your thoughts. It can be a lot of different sort of basic HR things that we've all spoken to HR people about.

[Kerry Johnson]

The next step, however, gets more complicated.

[Gabe Roth]

If it's more serious, there are other options that you have. So something that's called an assisted resolution.

[Kerry Johnson]

The Courts say There are about 500 people across the system who can hear about problems and offer advice. A lot of that happens informally through mediation, where a clerk or other court employee can raise concerns and get an apology or even a job transfer. Then there's the most serious making a formal complaint. But staying anonymous is not guaranteed, clerks say. I talked about that with Aliza Schottzman. She runs the Legal Accountability Project, a database where clerks can share honest feedback about judges, the good and the bad. I spoke with a clerk recently who talked about going in for an interview with investigators. One of the investigators was planning a party for the judge this clerk complained about. And when the interview ended, the clerk walked out into the hallway and there was the judge about whom they were complaining. Yep.

[Aliza Schottzman]

Yep. I don't take it lightly when I say the federal judiciary is the most dangerous white collar workplace in America. There are no workplace protections. And year after year, thousands of young, eager recent law graduates are sent into these federal clerkships where far too many will be mistreated. Careers and lives are destroyed. Folks are retaliated against. And the judiciary has no interest in engaging on these problems, crafting any kind of effective solutions, really doing anything.

[Kerry Johnson]

But hard data about misconduct in the court system can be hard to come by. For example, no one tracks that first step. We mentioned the informal advice.

[Gabe Roth]

There's tons of stats. You want to know the birth year of some random judge in Missouri from 1897. They have that. But the idea that they have not successfully captured the most common type of complaint is very frustrating.

[Kerry Johnson]

A report in November did show that more court employees are using the dispute resolution process, but few of them are law clerks. There are more than 1,400 federal judges with life tenure, and they each have at least two clerks. Just seven complaints came from law clerks between 2021 and 2023. But the federal courts interpret that loan number to mean something different. I asked Eliza Shotsman about that. Just a few months ago, the head of the administrative office of the US Courts, Judge Robert Conrad, came out and said the numbers of complaints filed by law clerks, EDR complaints, is very low, which to him means that they have kind of a middle manager problem in the judiciary, and it's not the judges. What do you take that data to mean?

[Aliza Schottzman]

Yeah, when you see a low number of harassment and misconduct complaints in a workplace, typically that does not signal that it is a safe workplace. Typically, it signals that the reporting mechanisms are broken and law clerks do not feel comfortable filing complaints.

[Kerry Johnson]

The clerk in Alaska, for example, never used the judiciary system to report Judge Kindred. She says she didn't know it existed. And that's not uncommon. A national research study last year found many federal courts fail to put required information on reporting misconduct on their websites. Here's retired judge Jamie Baker. I was surprised how many of the courts don't have fully up to date websites. And that's an easy one. One person, a former coordinator, told me there are a lot of people trying to help and do the right thing. But they told me it was a struggle to get information updated on the court's website so clerks could find out who they can talk to if they have the courage to speak. Even this coordinator was afraid to talk because of possible reprisal for talking about the courts. And then there's inaction before the court started to develop more formal systems for reporting abuse seven years ago. And even to this day, clerks are left to figure out a solution for themselves. That's what happened many years ago with a woman who would only use her initial s. S worked for a federal judge in Puerto Rico just out of law school.

[Anonymous Clerk 2]

We were working together on a very high profile, high stakes death penalty case. And I remember that I was in his chambers and we were sitting next to each other and I remember that he put his hand on my thigh and I remember moving it off of my thigh and just being shocked.

[Kerry Johnson]

Things like that happened quite a few times, she says.

[Anonymous Clerk 2]

There was a moment when he was traveling and I think he was traveling in Boston. And he came back, he gave me a huge hug. And I remember that when we pulled away from the hug, he tried to kiss me on the lips. And again I was just shocked.

[Kerry Johnson]

Judge Jose Antonio Fuste copied down a love poem and left it at her desk. S says she struggled with her options, including whether to leave the job early. Eventually, a new law clerk arrived and the judge made advances to her, too. S realized something.

[Anonymous Clerk 2]

This wasn't about me personally. This was just a pattern and a practice of behavior.

[Kerry Johnson]

Together, she and the other clerk developed some strategies for handling the judge, their boss.

[Anonymous Clerk 2]

We never went into his chambers alone. Kind of just tried to stay away from him as much as we could, which is a very unfortunate situation because part of the reason one might choose to work for a federal judge is because you want to be able to interact with a federal judge. So we just, we just got very cold to him. And I guess strength in numbers is.

[Kerry Johnson]

How it turned out, s says she and her fellow clerk, diligent young attorneys just out of law school, dug into legal research about sexual harassment and the ramifications of making a complaint about a federal judge. Ultimately, they reached out to administrators in the appeals court for the first Circuit.

[Anonymous Clerk 2]

You know, we just hit a brick wall. We were told that there wasn't anything that could be done. And it wasn't until years later that I actually heard that it was reported up the chain. It apparently made its way up to Chief Justice Rehnquist at the time. And apparently what I was told was that our judge was given a slap on the and told not to do it anymore, and nothing else happened.

[Kerry Johnson]

NPR could not independently confirm if the complaint reached the chief justice or what happened after that. Still, the judge remained on the bench for years until 2016, when he resigned after another clerk reported him to administrators. Judge Fuste did not respond to NPR's attempts to reach him for comment. All these years later, the news of his retirement reached s. Who's still afraid of the damage it could cause her career if she identifies herself by name. She was afraid to record with me using her own voice. So we found someone else to speak her words on tape verbatim.

[Anonymous Clerk 2]

He was able to retire with all of his federal benefits. So I thought, well, this doesn't really seem fair that all he has to do is kind of, you know, walk away, and he could have been ready to retire. In any case.

[Kerry Johnson]

Retirement stops any court investigation in its tracks. Often, a judge under scrutiny will keep their benefits and sometimes still show up at the courthouse. That's how things went down in the most notorious case in recent years. Alex Kozinski handles some of the country's.

[Gabe Roth]

Most high profile cases on the 9th.

[Kerry Johnson]

Circuit Court Court of Appeals.

[Gabe Roth]

Now, six former staffers claim that he sexually harassed them.

[Kerry Johnson]

Sexual misconduct allegations against Judge Alex Kaczynski rocked the federal courts in 2017. That followed a wave of MeToo complaints in Hollywood, the business world, media, and politics. Kaczynski apologized to his former clerks for making them feel uncomfortable. He said he had a, quote, broad sense of humor. But seven years after that scandal, Kaczynski's still working in the law. He's even filed court papers for clients with cases before the 9th Circuit, the same one he left amid a national outcry. The Administrative Office of the Courts points out that judges Kaczynski, Fuste and Kindred are off the bench. It says the courts continue to make improvements to foster in exemplary workplace. For most people, the courts are where accountability does happen, when they have problems at work. But for the people who work in those very courts, their rights are not clear. Protections for them are not set out under law, and judges, colleagues, and friends can be the deciders. There are efforts to change that. Congresswoman Norma Torres, a Democrat from California, is leading the charge. Well, good morning, everyone. It's good to see all of you here. Last fall, she convened a group of experts on the Hill to try to draw attention to the problem. I don't need to be a lawyer to know that people in power with no oversight get to sweep people and problems under the rug. Torres says the majority of judges behave properly, but the ones who don't face little accountability. We know there are many very the majority decent, but it's that extreme minority that has made it impossible for their employees to work. Torres says the courts operate in a patchwork, so no one's in charge of overseeing all the systems that employees use to report misconduct. Torres had Congress set aside money for two research studies to understand the holes in the system. Greta Goodwin led one of those efforts for the Government Accountability Office.

[Susan Davis]

This report is about workplace misconduct, and.

[Kerry Johnson]

We were not really allowed to talk.

[Susan Davis]

To employees or get perspectives from employees.

[Kerry Johnson]

We were allowed to speak to one current and one former employee. The former employee, 32 employees, one current and one. And that took almost a year to.

[Susan Davis]

Get to that point.

[Kerry Johnson]

The federal courts say the study validates the steps they've already taken to improve conditions for workers there. But Torres says that's not enough. She's committed to using the power of the purse, the appropriations power, to try to get the judiciary to do more. She's working alongside Georgia Congressman Hank Johnson. Good morning. Pleasure to see you, sir. Great to see you also. Thank you all for being here. You ready to go? Okay. Johnson's walking us through the Rayburn House Office Building and into the Capitol to introduce the Judiciary Accountability Act. His bill would make clear the same legal protections for workers in the private sector and the executive branch also apply to the 30,000 people who work for the federal courts. This is just one small step, but a very important step to bring about some accountability. The legislation did not get a hearing before Congress left town last year, and Republicans now control both chambers of Congress. Reforms to the judicial branch are not a priority for them. From the Supreme Court on down, the judiciary has been resisting oversight, and so far, the judges are getting their way. The people who work for federal judges, for probation departments, for public defenders, they can't go to the executive branch for help. And it's not clear they can sue in courts either. In fact, many former clerks told me it's hard to even find a lawyer to give any advice because These complaint systems are so hard to understand and because the lawyers worry about getting on the bad side of a federal judge who may decide their own cases someday.

[Aliza Schottzman]

Aliza Shotsman the federal judiciary is outrageously exempt from Title VII of the Civil Rights act of 1964. That means that if you are a law clerk and you are sexually harassed, fired, retaliated against by a federal judge, you have no legal recourse.

[Kerry Johnson]

The federal courts say they've done a lot to make sure workers are treated with dignity and respect. Court administrators say employees now have several ways to report problems. And when it comes to abusive or hostile behavior, they have more power to complain about their bosses than people who work outside. But I've been told clerks who run into trouble on the job still face tremendous pressure to remain silent. A bad word from a judge can derail a clerk's career while judges serve for life. I heard it again and again, those judges who behave badly often it's an open secret inside the courthouse, but nobody does anything about it. Many clerks graduated from top law schools and pride themselves on their smarts and resilience, only to break down in tears when they talk about hostile treatment they suffered working for federal judges. The judiciary protects its own, one clerk told me. Another said, I can handle a tough boss. I can't handle an abusive boss. I just wish more people would talk about it.

[Susan Davis]

If you were harassed or bullied by a federal judge or you know someone who was, we want to hear about your experience. Your name will not be used without your consent, and you can remain anonymous. Please go to npr.org federaljudges. This episode was produced by Monika Estatieva with help from Casey Morell. It was edited by Barry Hardiman, Monika Estatieva and Christianev Calimer, with help from Anna Yukhaninov and Robert Little. Research from Barbara Van Werkum. Engineered by Margaret Luther Music courtesy of Universal Production. I'm Susan Davis. Thank you. Thank you for listening. Have a great weekend.

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