Trump's First 100 Days: Promises Made, Promises Kept

Summary

Podcast Summary: The NPR Politics Podcast – "Trump's First 100 Days: Promises Made, Promises Kept"

Introduction

In the episode titled "Trump's First 100 Days: Promises Made, Promises Kept," released on April 25, 2025, NPR's political reporters delve into the significant policies and decisions enacted by President Donald Trump during the initial phase of his second term. The focus centers primarily on immigration reforms and the ambitious restructuring of the federal government through the Department of Government Efficiency (DOGE). This comprehensive analysis provides listeners with an in-depth understanding of the administration's strategies, their execution, public reception, and the ensuing political ramifications.

Immigration Policy Changes

From the outset of his second term, President Trump has aggressively pursued a stringent immigration agenda. One of the hallmark promises was the implementation of mass deportations, a topic extensively examined in this episode.

Trump on Mass Deportations [00:53]: "You're going to have to have mass deportations. The country can't stand it. The country can't handle it. We are going to start the largest mass deportation in the history of our country because we have no choice. It's not sustainable. Here's all we're going to do."

The administration has utilized executive actions to reshape immigration, including invoking the Alien Enemies Act—traditionally a wartime measure—to expedite the removal of individuals suspected of residing illegally in the United States. Additionally, policies have been enacted to limit legal immigration pathways, such as reducing refugee and asylum entries at the southern border and revoking protected status for certain legally residing individuals.

Immigration policy reporter Ximena Bustillo elaborates on these changes:

Ximena Bustillo [02:49]: "There's also been a massive tone shift, which at least in part, seems to be designed to get people to self-deport."

Congressional Actions and Funding Requests

The Trump administration's immigration initiatives have necessitated substantial funding, prompting appeals to Congress for billions of dollars to actualize these policies. However, bipartisan efforts to pass comprehensive immigration legislation have historically stalled, a trend that appears to continue.

Susan Davis on Congressional Inaction [03:37]: "Congress has been incapable of passing comprehensive immigration legislation almost in our lifetimes."

The current strategy involves leveraging the budget reconciliation process to secure between $90 billion and $175 billion over the next decade. This funding aims to bolster Border Enforcement and Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) capabilities, potentially accelerating deportations on an unprecedented scale.

Public Opinion and Polling

Despite immigration being a long-standing campaign focus for Trump, recent polling indicates a shift in public sentiment. Notably, Trump's unfavorability rating on immigration has risen above his favorability rating.

Susan Davis on Polling Trends [06:29]: "Just this week, there were three polls out showing that for the first time, Donald Trump's unfavorable rating is higher than his favorable rating on the issue of immigration."

This change may be attributed to the administration's aggressive tactics, including controversial actions like the potential separation of families and the perception of overstepping legal boundaries.

Ximena Bustillo on Family Separations [07:39]: "We are seeing more stories about families that we're not expecting to be broken up, being broken up."

Department of Government Efficiency (DOGE)

One of the most ambitious endeavors of Trump's first 100 days has been the establishment of the Department of Government Efficiency (DOGE), led by billionaire Elon Musk. DOGE's mission is to streamline government operations, cut spending, and eliminate what it deems as waste, fraud, and abuse within federal agencies.

Stephen Fowler on DOGE's Actions [11:43]: "They have done a number of things. It's been a small group of software engineers and others with connections to billionaire Elon Musk that have fanned out across federal agencies. They've been trying to fire tens of thousands of federal workers."

Despite these efforts, DOGE has faced significant challenges and criticisms:

• Ineffectiveness: DOGE has struggled to identify substantial waste or fraud, leading to questions about the actual savings achieved.

• Operational Errors: The department's records have been plagued with inaccuracies, including false claims of contract terminations and mismanagement of data.

• Political Backlash: The aggressive approach to cutting budgets and eliminating programs has sparked resistance, particularly from programs with bipartisan support like the National Institutes of Health (NIH).

Susan Davis on DOGE's Political Impact [14:56]: "Doge has had a huge level of impact on Washington, on the federal workforce, on what the government prioritizes on science funding and biomedical research."

Political Implications

The administration's push for sweeping government reforms through DOGE and immigration policies has broader political consequences. While Trump may claim victories in reducing government size and increasing efficiency, the reality of increased deficits and limited actual spending cuts paints a more complex picture.

Susan Davis on Budget Realities [16:38]: "From the start, they took everything off the table that are the real drivers of debt. Medicare, Social Security, interest payments on the debt. And the largest chunk of discretionary spending goes to the Pentagon, which also was effectively, for the most part, taken off the table."

Additionally, DOGE's inability to deliver tangible savings undermines the administration's narrative of fiscal responsibility, potentially eroding public trust and bipartisan support.

Future Outlook and Conclusion

As Elon Musk steps back from DOGE, the sustainability of the department's initiatives remains uncertain. Congressional oversight is expected to intensify, with potential efforts to reverse DOGE's policies or reallocate funding back to traditionally supported programs like the NIH.

Susan Davis on Congress's Role [19:33]: "And Congress is going to have to go through another appropriations process for the next fiscal year pretty soon. And I think it's going to be something that's very closely watched to see how much of Doge cuts are codified and how much maybe is clawed back."

In conclusion, President Trump's first 100 days have been marked by bold and contentious moves in both immigration reform and government restructuring. While some policies aim to fulfill campaign promises of border security and fiscal efficiency, the execution has revealed significant challenges and sparked substantial debate about their efficacy and impact on the American populace.

Notable Quotes

• President Trump on Immigration [00:53]: "You're going to have to have mass deportations... we're going to start the largest mass deportation in the history of our country because we have no choice."

• Susan Davis on Congressional Funding [03:37]: "Congress has been incapable of passing comprehensive immigration legislation almost in our lifetimes."

• Ximena Bustillo on Self-Deportation [02:49]: "There's also been a massive tone shift... designed to get people to self-deport."

• Susan Davis on DOGE's Impact [14:56]: "Doge has had a huge level of impact on Washington, on the federal workforce..."

• Tamara Keith on DOGE's Financial Claims [13:58]: "Before Elon Musk and Doge started, he had this ambitious plan of $2 trillion cut from the federal budget... [now] it's $150 billion we think that we can cut."

This episode of The NPR Politics Podcast provides a nuanced examination of the early days of Trump's second term, highlighting both the aspirations and the obstacles faced in implementing transformative policies.

Transcript

[Tamara Keith]

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The new wave of biotechnology that's on.

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The TED Radio Hour podcast from npr.

[Ximena Bustillo]

Hey there. It's the NPR Politics podcast. I'm Tamara Keith. I cover the House this week on the pod. We're doing something a little different, taking a look at some of the policies and decisions President Trump has made in the first 100 days of his second term. Today, how immigration policy in the United States has changed and quickly on the campaign trail, Donald Trump summarized his immigration policy simply.

[Tamara Keith]

You're going to have to have mass deportations. The country can't stand it. The country can't handle it. We are going to start the largest.

[Ximena Bustillo]

Mass deportation in the history of our.

[Tamara Keith]

Country because we have no choice. It's not sustainable. Here's all we're going to do.

[Susan Davis]

It's going to be called a Trump.

[Tamara Keith]

Mass deportation because we have no choice.

[Ximena Bustillo]

Mass deportation. Upon taking office, the administration has invoked the Alien Enemies act and used other policy changes to try and move people out of the country fast. And severely limited ways people can legally immigrate to the US including removing protected status from some people who were here legally. So today let's talk about the president's immigration policies, how they're working and who's affected. Joining me, immigration policy reporter Ximena Bustillo and politics correspondent Susan Davis. Hello.

[Susan Davis]

Hey, Tim.

[Stephen Fowler]

Hey.

[Ximena Bustillo]

So, Ximena, let's start with you and start with the basics. What policies has the administration enacted with respect to immigration?

[Stephen Fowler]

The first day in office, the president signed several executive actions that did everything that we heard on the campaign trail, from seeking to end birthright citizenship to beginning to lay the groundwork to eventually invoke the Alien Enemies Act. You mentioned that is that wartime power that makes it easier to remove people from the country without giving them their day in court? I mean, he limited refugee entries and asylum entries at the southern border. And this really was an effort to clamp down on legal pathways to migration and also allow for what resulted in several dominoes that have fallen over the first 100 days of making it easier to quickly deport those who are suspected of being in the country without legal status and other people as well.

[Ximena Bustillo]

And there's also been a massive tone shift, which at least in part, seems to be designed to get people to self deport.

[Stephen Fowler]

Right. The idea of getting people to just voluntarily leave the country was an idea that President Trump laughed at when, you know, Mitt Romney was wanting once, positioning that idea on the debate stage in 2012, but he has now embraced it. He's running multimillion dollar ad campaigns across the world. You know, really encouraging people to not come to the United States through illegal means.

[Ximena Bustillo]

Sue, let's talk about Congress's role here. The Trump administration is asking Congress for billions in additional funding to make this policy a reality. What more do we need to know there?

[Susan Davis]

Congress has been incapable of passing comprehensive immigration legislation almost in our lifetimes. It's been since former President Ronald Reagan was president that Congress could actually take the issue head on. I think Donald Trump winning the election changes the politics around that. I still don't think they have the votes in Congress to do a big bill. But what Republicans are looking at doing is taking the budget reconciliation bill that's making its way through Congress right now. And they want to supercharge immigration and Border enforcement money. The resolution calls for a minimum of 90 billion and as much as $175 billion in additional spending over the next decade to achieve Donald Trump's policy goals. That would include reducing ICE agents, the number of security at the border, the number of detention facilities. It would be money to build new detention facilities. I mean, if you think about the speed and velocity that Donald Trump has been trying to move with in these first 100 days, if Congress were to enact a bill that gave him that significant amount of money, he would be able to accelerate deportations on a scale that has probably never been seen before throughout the of his presidency.

[Ximena Bustillo]

And Jimena, I do want to talk about this idea of mass deportations. In the absence of that supercharging and all of that money and all of those resources, has President Trump actually succeeded at executing the mass deportations that he promised would happen immediately?

[Stephen Fowler]

So, in terms of arrests, being able to detain someone, Immigration and Customs Enforcement, and even their data shows that they are at max capacity in immigration detention centers, which does indicate that they arresting more people. We have also seen an expansion of who qualifies for these arrests with the inclusion of students on student visas, arrests of lawful permanent residents for various issues, including protesting on college campuses. However, when actually thinking about how many people are being removed from the country, that is a little bit of a different story. And that, you know, we're still not super sure what the data looks like.

[Ximena Bustillo]

On that Front, you mean there's a lack of transparency?

[Stephen Fowler]

A little bit. You know, you see Secretary of Homeland Security Kristi Noem post a lot on social media about how they've made hundreds of thousands of arrests. Those numbers are beyond what the publicly available, regularly updated data shows that are for arrest numbers and detention numbers by tens of thousands of people. And so there is a mismatch in terms of what the administration is promoting versus the data that is readily accessible and available.

[Ximena Bustillo]

Sue, I want to talk about polling, because immigration has been arguably President Trump's strongest area. It is the thing he has been campaigning on since he came down that escalator in the lobby of Trump Tower. So how are the American people viewing that 100 days in?

[Susan Davis]

This is such an interesting week to have this conversation, because just this week, there were three polls out showing that for the first time, Donald Trump's unfavorable rating is higher than his favorable rating on the issue of immigration. It's still more favorable on the issue of border security, but on immigration. And I think that it is potentially the sign of the political blowback that can happen if you're doing too much too fast and people don't like the way you're doing it. And there's a couple things I would point to. I talked to one Democratic strategist who said they think that the two mistakes that the Trump administration has made is the perception that they've defied a Supreme Court order to facilitate the return of Kilmar Abrego Garcia, and also the idea that, like, look, I don't think that the fundamental politics has changed. I think the country still wants less people coming in and more people going out that are here illegally. But the Trump administration is doing this outside the bounds of the legal deportation process. And I think that that makes a lot of Americans, independent Americans, uneasy. I think that when you push the bounds of the law, that is not necessarily something that's going to cause a groundswell of support. And there is potentially we're seeing warning signs that if they continue at this apace, they might continue to lose public support.

[Ximena Bustillo]

I keep thinking about this interview that President Trump did after the election. He sat down with Kristen Welker, NBC's Meet the Press, and he was talking about immigration. And, you know, she asked, are you gonna have to separate families? And he was like, well, you know, the kids could be deported with the parents. It'll be fine, even if they're Americans. But he said the real risk was that there are gonna be sob stories, There are gonna be stories about families being torn apart and that that could erode support for what he's doing. And in some ways that is happening now. We are seeing more stories about families that we're not expecting to be broken up, being broken up.

[Stephen Fowler]

I think the other thing here is the favorability is still starkly split between party lines and Democrats. And Democratic leaders are still grappling with how to address the issue of immigration when it's connected with the issue of crime. And you know how it is that they're supposed to navigate that. The very first bill that Trump signed into law was the Lake and Riley act, and that was a bill that got large increased Democratic support because they felt a need to be a little bit tougher on the issue of immigration. And when it relates to public safety, that expanded the amount of people that are eligible for deportations. Now, we don't know how many people have been deported under the grounds of that act, but it is something that has definitely put Democrats in a bit of a corner and some since have said they regret voting for that act.

[Ximena Bustillo]

All right. We are going to take a quick break. Jimenet, thank you so much for bringing us your reporting.

[Stephen Fowler]

Thank you.

[Ximena Bustillo]

And when we come back, how the federal government itself has been reshaped.

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On Throughline, we take you back in.

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And we're back. Another one of the president's missions in his first 100 days has been to change how the government functions from the ground up. That has involved a new entity altogether.

[Tamara Keith]

One of the most important initiatives is doge, and we have cut billions and billions and billions of dollars. We're looking to get it maybe to a trillion dollars if we can do that.

[Ximena Bustillo]

The group known as the Department of Government Efficiency, or doge, spearheaded by Elon Musk, has been trying to find ways to cut government spending and cut some of the things the government does altogether. Political reporter Stephen Fowler has been covering DOGE for us. Hey, Stephen.

[Tamara Keith]

Hey, there.

[Ximena Bustillo]

All right, so, Stephen, just walk us through some of the big things that DOGE has done so far.

[Tamara Keith]

Well, in many ways, the Department of Government Efficiency's search to find waste, fraud, and abuse, and the government has not found much waste, fraud, and abuse, but they have done a number of things. It's been a small group of software engineers and others with connections to billionaire Elon Musk that have fanned out across federal agencies. They've been trying to fire tens of thousands of federal workers. They've overseen the effective dismantling of a handful of agencies, cut spending on things like foreign food aid, medical research, basic office supplies, and got access to a lot of sensitive data that the federal government maintains. So if you look at it, on the one hand, they haven't really done that much so far to make the government more efficient. But on the other hand, you can make the case that they've done a lot efficiently to consolidate power and to use it to help push President Trump's agenda around things like immigration.

[Ximena Bustillo]

Stephen, what do you mean by they're using this data as part of their immigration policies?

[Tamara Keith]

Well, multiple federal agencies all have their own databases with particularized information about people that don't normally talk to each other. And now, under doge, they've been granted access to multiple systems, and they're combining it all in one big data pot to use for different purposes. For now, what we have seen start to emerge is that data being used for immigration, specifically to advance Trump's agenda, around deportations and around identifying people who are in the country without legal status, and the different ways that they interact with the government towards the end of removal.

[Ximena Bustillo]

And they have also gone after things in the government that the President disagrees with. They at times have called that fraud. But. But in many ways, it's more of a policy disagreement.

[Tamara Keith]

It's a policy disagreement. You know, many of the contracts that they've canceled at these federal agencies have been for foreign aid programs and scholarships and Other things that basically Trump doesn't like. There's nothing fraudulent about it. It's just a matter of policy preference.

[Ximena Bustillo]

The President has said that billions and billions and billions may, even trillions of dollars in government spending will be cut, have been cut. But let's fact check. How much has been cut.

[Tamara Keith]

Well, it's difficult to say because like many things Doge have done, there have been things that have been cut and then uncut, fired, unfired, so on and so forth. But the billions and billions number is not exactly the right context. Before Elon Musk and Doge started, he had this ambitious plan of $2 trillion cut from the federal budget. That's about six and a half to seven trillion in spending. Doge started that became one trillion. And now just a few weeks ago, in a cabinet meeting, Musk said, yeah, there's $150 billion we think that we can cut. Even that number is lower. It's important to look at the Treasury Department data that says compared to this point last year, federal spending is actually up 10%, revenues are up 3%, and the deficit, that's 24% bigger than this time last year. So that spending is not necessarily being chainsawed away.

[Ximena Bustillo]

Sue, what are the political implications of how this has been going?

[Susan Davis]

I think one of the things that's so interesting about this effort is that in some ways, I think it has also taught the country how well their government works. You know, people think that government is huge and inefficient, but then when you say things like, oh, we're gonna make Social Security more efficient by reducing the number of physical offices, people go up in arms. Wait a minute, not my Social Security office. Right. Like the day to day connection with the government is much more positive. It's always the big government, the government out there that is the of spending that needs to be cut. I think Doge has had a huge level of impact on Washington, on the federal workforce, on what the government prioritizes on science funding and biomedical research. And look, Doge has made cuts to programs and changes to programs that could be felt for decades. In terms of spending money, it's like it's an all sizzle and no steak. They haven't really saved any money. Doge from the start, was always a bit of a trap because from the beginning, they took everything off the table that are the real drivers of debt. Medicare, Social Security, interest payments on the debt. And the largest chunk of discretionary spending goes to the Pentagon, which also was effectively, for the most part, taken off the table. There's. It's just a mathematical impossibility to get anywhere close to balancing the budget. Just focusing on that teeny, tiny little slice that happens to fund things like your Social Security offices and your roads and your cops and your schools. Like, it's the part of the government that is actually the most popular. I think that Donald Trump will claim victory no matter how much spending they cut. And I will say this again, like, while they're talking about being the party that's going to reduce spending and balance the budget, Republicans right now on Capitol Hill are moving forward with a tax cut bill that, if enacted the way they're talking about it, would add trillions of dollars to the debt and deficit and not do anything to put it in anything close to balance in the duration of Trump's term.

[Ximena Bustillo]

Stephen, there have also been a surprising number of just errors, like, big errors.

[Tamara Keith]

Yeah. There's this wall of receipts that Doge has kept that shows all of the grants that they've terminated, the leases they say they've terminated, contracts they've canceled. And from the start, it has been riddled with errors. There have been contracts that have been canc. That haven't actually been issued yet. They have claimed savings from canceling, contracts that were never issued, contracts that haven't actually been canceled and are actually spending money. They've been misinterpreting these things called blanket purchase agreements. And even when you go to click on the links to say, oh, this is the contract being canceled, it's been linking to the wrong random things.

[Ximena Bustillo]

Can we talk about whether what is happening here is on net popular, not popular. This is one of the signature aspects of the first 100 days of President Trump's administration.

[Tamara Keith]

If you look at the town halls from both Democrats and Republicans and rallies that Senator Bernie Sanders has been holding, I would say no, it is not popular. From what we are hearing. Now, granted, somebody who's likely to show up to a town hall might be a little bit more politically engaged than the average person. But when you look at the polling, the Doge agenda is not something that people have a favorable view of. You know, Fox News had a recent poll about the first hundred days of Trump's second term. There's also the Washington Post ABC News poll that has the same thing, and the Pew Research center that say people who might want to see the government change and the Trump administration change how the government works don't want their government doged.

[Susan Davis]

I think the idea is still popular. I mean, who doesn't want a more efficient government? But I think the execution hasn't gone as well as they wanted. And I think another data point I'd point to that is Elon Musk. If you look at his popularity, how the country views him, I mean, it has been on a straight decline since Trump took office. And it's. I don't think it's any secret that Musk has indicated he's gonna be stepping back from this effort in the coming weeks. And it's also taken a hit to him personally. And Tesla stocks down. They had a really bad. What was their most recent shareholder meeting. He kind of admitted things aren't going so great. So the way the country views Musk and what it's done to him, I would say it's a takeaway from that is Doge has not been a resounding success.

[Ximena Bustillo]

So with Elon Musk leaving, do we have a sense of where this effort to make the government more efficient, where does this go?

[Tamara Keith]

Well, Elon Musk is the face of Doge, but he is not the foot soldier carrying it out. There are dozens of people that are Elon Musk associates that have become full employees of the different agencies that they're trying to work on. I mean, Trump's executive order announcing Doge gave them a deadline of America's birthday, July 4, 2026, to kind of of finish that work. But like sue mentioned earlier, you know, the work that is being done, the data access that has been given, the sort of changes that are being made by the people implementing the Doge agenda, isn't something that's just going to go away when Elon Musk goes back to Tesla.

[Susan Davis]

And look, don't forget, like, most of the work of Doge of reducing spending should actually be done by Congress. Like, it's their job to appropriate the money and decide what gets funded and not. And I do think you're seeing a little bit of congressional muscle starting to step into this process. I think a lot of it's happening behind the scenes because people don't want to publicly get crossways with Elon Musk and Donald Trump. And Congress is going to have to go through another appropriations process for the next fiscal year pretty soon. And I think it's going to be something that's very closely watched to see how much of Doge cuts are codified and how much maybe is clawed back. And one area that I would point to, which I think people connect to, is the nih, the National Institutes of Health. This has historically been hugely popular in both parties. It funds all kinds of science and biomedical research. And it has, you know, taken a lot of hits from Doge. And I think that's one area where you might suddenly see money going back to NIH that that Doge tried to eliminate.

[Ximena Bustillo]

All right. Well, I think we need to leave it there for now. We promise that Can't Let It Go will return next week because we can't let it go. Our executive producer is Mathani Maturi. Casey Morell edits the podcast. Our producers are Bria Suggs and Kelly Wessinger. Special thanks to Lexi Schapitl. I'm Tamara Keith. I cover the White House.

[Tamara Keith]

I'm Stephen Fowler. I cover government restructuring.

[Susan Davis]

And I'm Susan Davis. I cover politics.

[Ximena Bustillo]

And thank thank you for listening to the NPR Politics podcast. At NPR's Pop Culture Happy Hour.

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