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- [00:00]
Erin Welsh
This is an I Heart Podcast.
- [00:04]
Gemma
Hello my lovely listeners. By now you know the more knowledge we have about ourselves and the way our bodies work, the more empowered and in control we are. And this is also true when it comes to our sexual health and what to do after unprotected sex. That's where Plan B comes in. It's emergency contraception with no age requirement that helps prevent pregnancy before it starts. And because it works by only temporarily delaying ovulation, it won't impact your ability to get pregnant in the future. We love a backup plan that puts us in control because the more we know, the more power we have. Learn more@planb1step.com users directed have you ever.
- [00:44]
Lex Pereiro
Felt that uneasy anxiety when the 4pm hour strikes? Like the creeping meal related distress that happens when you don't quite feel prepared?
- [00:54]
Erin Ahmed Updike
You know the dinner dread?
- [00:56]
Lex Pereiro
Let's get rid of that unpleasant feeling.
- [00:58]
Erin Ahmed Updike
Forever with one word. Stouffer's.
- [01:01]
Lex Pereiro
No matter what happens, you'll have a dinner plan that everyone loves with Stouffers, some chicken enchiladas or a cheesy chicken and broccoli pasta.
- [01:09]
Erin Ahmed Updike
Bake is always welcome, whether it's Plan.
- [01:12]
Lex Pereiro
A or Plan Delicious. When the clock strikes dinner, think Stouffer's. Shop now for family favorites. Let your imagination take flight with an AI powered PC from Lenovo. Whether it's creating digital art, designing new software, or building a portfolio for a Future career, their PCs are powered by Intel Core Ultra processors to help students unlock smarter learning and unleash their creativity. That's the power of Lenovo. With intel inside, all you have to do is choose the one that fits your passion. Head to lenovo.com to shop AI PCs and find your perfect companion. Plus get 5% off when you create an education account. Hey everyone, it's Gemma. So sunlight is essential for your health and Primally Pure's new Sun Cream, Sun Stick and Sun Lip Balm let you enjoy the sun safely. These mineral based, nutrient rich products offer broad spectrum protection without harmful chemicals. My favorite is the Sun Stick for on the go protection and you can use my code Gemma15 for 15% off at www.primallypure.com. that's P R I M A L L Y P U R E do hello everybody and welcome back to the psychology of your 20s. The podcast where we talk through some of the big life changes and transitions of our 20s and what they mean for our psychology.
- [02:53]
Erin Ahmed Updike
Hello everybody. Welcome back to the show. Welcome back to the podcast. New listeners, old listeners, wherever you are in the world it is so great to have you here back for another episode as we of course break down the very exciting, very unique psychology of our 20s. Before we begin, I wanted to give a quick shout out to my other podcast, Mantra. You heard that correctly. You may not know, but I have not one, but two podcasts. And Mantra, how I explain it is basically the philosophical, spiritual, meditative sidekick or sister of the psychology of your 20s. Every Monday I give you a mantra to guide your week. Something like, I am a magnetic person. I know that love won't pass me. I let my work speak louder than my doubt. I cultivate peace within a mantra to essentially be your mental anchor for the week ahead. Episodes go for around 30 minutes and they include evidence backed mental exercises for really powerful mindset shifts, journal prompts and a dive into wisdom from great thinkers. Plus just some personal stories that I've never spoken about here. Stories of heartbreak, stories of grief, of friendship, breakups of major failures that have really defined me in some ways.
- [04:17]
Gemma
So this is my ask of you.
- [04:18]
Erin Ahmed Updike
If you love the psychology of your 20s, give mantra a listen. Just try one episode, see what you think. It's very much a passion project for me right now. So if you have feedback mantras that you think I should do, if you have a deep thought or a dilemma that has been sitting heavy on your heart, on your soul, I would love to hear it.
- [04:40]
Gemma
I'll leave a link in the episode.
- [04:42]
Erin Ahmed Updike
Description, but again, thank you so much for giving it a listen. Let's get back to the show and what we're talking about today. Today we're going to talk about music, Life's soundtrack, I guess. I was listening to Good Hang with Amy Pola and Rashida Jones the other day, and in their episode, Rashida Jones said something really powerful. She essentially said, music is a way that the universe shows us love. And it really inspired this episode and a bit of an investigation into why music is so transcendent, why it shows up in every single culture, what it does to our brains, what it does to our lives, what it does to our bodies, to our emotions. You might think, you know, what's so psychological about music. You know, what's so important about the songs that I listen to on my morning commute or what plays in the grocery store? I think music feels so ubiquitous and it's everywhere. Sometimes it can just feel like background noise, but it is incredibly psychologically powerful. It is honestly a spiritual experience at times. Music has the ability to connect us, transport us, to shape our emotions, to ignite memories, even to influence our perception of reality. It is actually a fundamental part of our human experience. It is a profound psychological force. Some people would even call it the universal language because of how it speaks to our nervous system. So if you've ever had that magical feeling of goosebumps, of suddenly being able to smell the first time you heard a song, of being transported back to your first heartbreak of finding one song can completely change your day. I want to explain that today we're going to pull apart why music hits us so hard, why we like the music that we do, where your music preference came from, also the neuroscience behind the emotional surges that it creates. I also want to talk about the link between music and memory, between music and personality, between music and intelligence. And I also want to get into how different frequencies, different BPMs, different kinds of music can actually change your thinking style and can actually put you into certain, I guess I don't want to say like spaces, like mental spaces. Certain types of music can actually activate different kinds of brain waves that will help you when you're studying, that will help you when you're suffering, that will help you when you're running. Whatever it is. I want to give you the formula for what music to listen to, when, and so much more. I am so excited for this episode. A little fun fact for you guys. So as a child, I actually always thought I was going to be a musician. I played trombone, I played piano, I used to write songs, I sang constantly. I came from such a musical family. And so this episode was particularly fascinating to me to be able to investigate a little bit further for you guys. So without further ado, let's tune into the psychology of music.
- [07:57]
Lex Pereiro
Foreign.
- [08:02]
Erin Ahmed Updike
Let's cut straight to the chase. What the heck is going on in our heads when we play a certain song? When we press play, it is not just sound waves hitting our eardrums. It is a full on neurological concert, like a symphony of brain activity that is going to explain to us why music feels so freaking vital. So when a melody, when a rhythm, a harmony reaches your brain, it doesn't just stay confined to the parts that process sound. So there's been a whole team of neuroscientists who've been trying to figure out where is music actually processed, Including a big team at McGill University. And they've shown through FMRI scans that music actually lights up a whole network of brain regions. It lights up the amygdala, our brain's basically emotional powerhouse. It lights up the hippocampus, which is critical for memory formation and Even areas involved in motor control, which is why you might involuntarily, you know, like, start tapping your foot or bobbing your head, even if you're trying to stay still. I think a lot of us have had that experience where we're like, oh, my gosh, like, we just can't stop moving to a song involuntarily because of how music touches different parts of our brains. Very interestingly, what they found is that this full brain, full mind, full neurological explosion is very similar to when we fall in love. It's very similar to when we experience fear. It's very similar to when we experience deep sadness. So music is infiltrating all of these different emotional cortexes and emotional systems. It also elicits feelings on its own. It's responsible for creating certain emotional states. You know, happiness, joyfulness, loneliness, calm, pain. How does this happen? A huge part of it comes down to dopamine. And you have probably heard of dopamine. Everyone thinks of it as our brain's reward chemical. It's the one that's associated with pleasure, motivation. And also what you may not know is it's associated with anticipation. And this is critical. So this beautiful author, his name is Daniel Leverton, and he has this book called this is your brain on music. And he explains how the reason that music makes us feel so good is because it creates anticipation. Think about like a build up in a dance track, or like a gradual crescendo in, like, a classical musical piece, or like a verse leading into a chorus. Your brain almost unconsciously starts predicting what's coming. And that prediction that, like that feeling of waiting, that's where the dopamine really starts flowing. And so when the musical payoff arrives when you hit, hit the high note, when the chorus drops, when the harmony resolves, like, you get that satisfying hit. So this is the same neural pathway that gets activated when you're waiting for a really delicious meal and you take the first bite, or when you achieve a goal, or you even get, like a text from someone that you really, really like. Music is tapping into our fundamental reward system, and it's inherently pleasurable because of anticipation. It's not just that pleasure principle. Even music can also profoundly alter your physiological arousal, basically how awake, alert, or calm your body feels. And this is thanks to something called entrainment. Entrainment is this phenomenon where your internal biological rhythms, your heart rate, your breathing, even your brain waves actually synchronize with external rhythms like those in music. I find it so fascinating that our bodies can do this. It's like this beautiful, like, piece of evidence to me of the miracle of existence that our brains sync up to rhythm and sync up to song and sound. If you put on a slow, ambient, calm piece of music, your heart rate will start to subtly decrease. Your breathing starts to deepen. You literally physically relax and sync up to the music. Conversely, if you are listening to, like, techno or house, your heart rate will pick up, your breathing becomes quicker, and you will feel that surge of energy. That's why when you're running, we really enjoy listening to songs with a higher tempo because it matches the activity that we're doing, making us feel more tuned in. So this isn't just about feeling good. It is actually about music acting as a direct, unconscious regulator of your body's internal states. We use this idea. Well, our bodies take advantage of entrainment to manage how we feel, often without even realizing that we're doing it. Let's talk about the role of music in significant emotional periods of our lives as well, and how it can emotionally regulate us. Particularly, let's focus in on breakups. I feel like music and breakups are symbiotic, like they feed off each other in a weird way. Every single artist in the history of this planet has had some kind of breakup song or some song that is motivated by heartache because it is music's probably greatest fuel. And then on the flip side, music also tends to make heartbreak feel almost a little bit more bearable in a way. I have a few breakup playlists that I made during past heartaches and heartbreaks, and I was listening back to them when I was writing this episode, and it really transported me back to that time. What I remember is how songs that were intended to feel sad and devastating did make me feel sad and devastated, but they actually also provided me with the. This really intense catharsis. And I remember listening to this one song in particular. It's called Is It Just Me? By Emily Burns. And I was listening to it in my car near the beach maybe a month after I broke up with my first boyfriend, and just sobbing and sobbing so much that this older man, like, came over to check that I was okay. And I also remember feeling a lot better afterwards. It, like, pushed me to a really low point, but then allowed me to dwell in that feeling and then move on. The power of a breakup song is that it provides an opportunity to feel the feeling as deeply as possible, the many feelings as deeply as possible, to get in sync with that feeling, let it wash over you, and then Feel it lessen as you get it all out. What is the best breakup song, according to psychology? Now, this was something that I really wanted to find out. I couldn't give you a specific answer, but there do seem to be a few critical things that a good breakup song has to contain. The best breakup song has to have attention and release something that builds up and builds up and builds up to, like, an explosion point and then goes down. B, it has to have emotional vulnerability of some sort. C, relatability and specificity. So the more detail, the better. Think about, like, Taylor Swift's classic breakup song all too well. There's so much detail in that that feels specific but is actually quite general. So people can relate to it. They see themselves in those feelings, and in those circumstances, they're transported to that time. And D, it has to have a hook, a really good line, a really good harmony that you can kind of croon over again and again and again, all of which provides the emotional catharsis and the closure almost, even if it's just in that moment that our heart really, really wants. According to a 2014 study, Breakup Music, sad music is more about nostalgia. It's more about reminiscing than it is actually about grief or sadness, which actually means that listening to sad music makes it almost a positive experience. So the other thing that breakup songs really do is that they kind of transport us through time. They unlock, they resurrect memories. They let us relive memories that maybe we've forgotten. Music in general has this amazing capability. You know, you're living your life, you're just going along, and then suddenly you'll hear a song from when you were a kid or from some significant period, and you are, like, immediately transferred back there. And it's not just that your memories are being played in your head. It's almost a sensory experience. You can smell your childhood home. You can feel the tension and the energy between you and that situationship. You feel that distinct bittersweet ache. You can taste certain things. It is a full body time machine for your brain. So why is music so intrinsically linked to memory? So psychologists who study autobiographical memory. So that's basically memory that contains your personal history, your lived experiences. They have a few powerful theories. First, music is often deeply intertwined with highly emotional events. Our brains, particularly the hippocampus, which is the memory formation center, and the amygdala, they work hand in hand to code what they see as significant experiences. So the more intense an emotion or experience is at the time, the more Information is taken in from the environment to ensure that that memory is really locked into our brain. If a memory, if a moment is highly emotionally salient, basically our brain is like, this is something we want to be able to reflect on because it may be able to help us in future experiences. Something this intense is something that we can't forget. So instead of just remembering one element of the scene or one element of the event, it will start to code the smells, the sounds, the feelings, the tastes, the lightness, the brightness, all of those things. And so music becomes attached to these really hard moments. When you hear that song again, you're not just retrieving the musical information. All the other rich emotional sensory details that were encoded with it will come along. It's a phenomenon known as the Proust effect, actually, whereby a sensory experience brings up intense memories it was initially tied to. And music is one of those powerful sensory experiences. Secondly, music is often tied and associated with specific contexts specifically because songs tend to be played and repeated for short periods of time, if that makes sense. So hit songs will play for a summer over the radio, meaning that. And then you might not hear it for a while, meaning that it really is stuck to that moment. Or a certain playlist or song that you really like is something that you're going to play over and over and over again. So it becomes associated with the time and also with the feeling of that time. So whether it's an album, whether it's a playlist, whether it is a hit song, this all creates a really strong context dependent memory. The music becomes the environmental cue. So when you re encounter that cue, your brain has a direct pathway back to that specific time and place. It's like musical time travel. What's even more fascinating is actually how resilient yours and I's musical memory can be. Researchers who are currently working with individuals who have severe memory impairments, so they've had brain damage, they have dementia, they often find that musical memories are among the last memories to fade. Isn't that just like wonderful? Obviously not the memory loss part, but wow, like, I find that really special. To think that the songs that I'm listening to now will might be one of the last things that I remember if I go through, if I go through memory loss. People can struggle to recall their own names. They don't know what their children's names are, but they can sing along to songs from their childhood. They can even learn new harmonies, they can tune into new songs. And this really suggests that musical memories are processed and stored in slightly different, perhaps more distributed brain regions, meaning that they're very, very robust. So whilst people are still trying to figure out where exactly certain memories are stored, what they do know is that certain memories are stored in different places because they'll find that certain types of memories will fade almost all at the same time. And so what this is saying is that music is stored in so many different places that even as all these structures of the brain deteriorate, it remains. So I just think it's such a testament to how vital music is for our for life. Like, I know I'm sounding very dramatic here, but it is life giving, it is memory giving. Like it is. It makes us so human and connected. There is a slight problem with that though. The fact that music can transport us so powerfully means that sometimes it can also be a source of deep pain, of deep nostalgia. And it can be kind of like a self punishing tool where we listen to songs that we know are going to make us feel terrible time and time again as a way to pull us back into that time rather than move forward. It means that a lot of music from your past can sometimes bring up emotions and feelings that are less resolved than they should be. Like they're just. They're still buzzing in the background and you haven't had a chance to address them. But you're using music as a way to stay tuned into that time. So whilst it is a really powerful, magical bridge, it's also worth noting whether music is allowing you to pity yourself and to linger and to stay stuck in a period of time, or whether it is just a nice place to visit. If you're constantly listening to music that is making it hard for you to move on from a chapter in your life, perhaps it's becoming a bit of a problem in some ways. I will say I do think that music is also really beautiful in that way, in that it gives you a marker for how much you've grown. So I was telling you guys that I was listening to some of these breakup playlists that I used to have from significant breakups in my life. And the interesting thing was listening back to them. I used to obviously listen to them to bring up painful feelings and to hopefully resolve them. And now when I listen to them, I feel really bittersweet. I feel it's not happiness, it's just like comfort almost. I listen to them and I feel like I'm giving the past version of me like a really big warm hug because I knew how much those songs affected her at the time. And they just no longer do so. It is like a really beautiful way to see how far you've grown. Okay, we're going to take a short break, but when we return, I want to tell you what music has to say about your personality. Specifically how your music preference is formed, what it might say about you, but also how to really utilize the incredible psychological power of music to elevate your life, elevate your work, elevate your concentration. So stick around and stay with us.
- [24:24]
Gemma
Hello my lovely listeners. By now you know the more knowledge we have about ourselves and the way our bodies work, the more empowered and in control we are. And this is also true when it comes to our sexual health and what to do after unprotected sex. That's where Plan B comes in. It's emergency contraception with no age requirement that helps prevent pregnancy before it starts. And because it works by only temporarily delaying ovulation, it won't impact your ability to get pregnant in the future. We love a backup plan that puts us in control because the more we know, the more power we have. Learn more@planb1step.com users directed hey everyone, it's Gemma.
- [25:04]
Lex Pereiro
So sunlight is essential for your health and Primally Pure's new Sun Cream, Sun Stick and Sun Lip Balm let you enjoy the sun safely. These mineral based, nutrient rich products offer broad spectrum protection without harmful chemicals. My favorite is the Sun Stick for on the go protection and you can use my code and Gemma 15 for 15 off at www.primallypure.com that's P R I M A L L Y p.
- [25:35]
George M. Johnson
U r e.com welcome to the youe vs you podcast. I'm Lex Pereiro and every week we sit down with some of the biggest names in entertainment to talk about the real stuff, the struggles, the doubts and the breakthroughs that made them who they are. We go deep, exploring childhood trauma, family overcoming loss, and the moments that shape their journey. These honest conversations are meant to take the cape off our heroes with the hope that their humanity inspires you to become a better you and therefore set you free to live the life of your dreams. Here's a sneak peek.
- [26:08]
Unknown
I'm trained to go compete. I'm trained to be like harder. But sometimes that mentality stops you from stopping and smelling the flowers in your own garden.
- [26:15]
George M. Johnson
Is it wrong to want more?
- [26:17]
Unknown
We migrated. Our family migrated here. I'm like second generation.
- [26:27]
George M. Johnson
Listen to you versus you as part of Michael Tuda Podcast Network. Available on the iHeartRadio app, Apple Podcasts or wherever you get your Podcasts.
- [26:37]
Unknown
I'm Erin Welsh, an ecologist and epidemiologist.
- [26:40]
Erin Welsh
And I'm Erin Ahmed Updike, also an epidemiologist.
- [26:42]
Unknown
On our show, this Podcast Will Kill you. We cover everything from the bio biology of deadly diseases to the weird history behind them, all with a healthy dose of humor.
- [26:52]
Erin Welsh
Like the time we made a surprising discovery about scabies. When you look at pictures of especially these particular mites, they look more like tardigrades, like water bears.
- [27:01]
Erin Ahmed Updike
And they do.
- [27:03]
Erin Welsh
Yeah, they're kind of cute.
- [27:05]
Unknown
Or when we used a classic movie reference to explain allergy tests, an allergist.
- [27:11]
Erin Welsh
Will inject teeny tiny amounts of the thing that they're allergic to underneath their skin.
- [27:18]
Unknown
It's just like iocaine powder in the Princess Bride, but it works.
- [27:22]
Erin Welsh
And our COVID 19 series was even added to the CDC Museum Archives. So, need I say more?
- [27:28]
Unknown
New episodes drop every Tuesday on the Exactly Right network.
- [27:31]
Erin Welsh
Listen to this Podcast Will Kill Youl on the iHeartRadio app, Apple Podcasts, or wherever you get your podcasts.
- [27:37]
Erin Ahmed Updike
Music obviously has many, many functions, but it can actually be a tool to really discover your personality. And that might sound bizarre, but the research on the links between personality and music taste is incredibly expansive and honestly so spot on at times. I'm going to talk about the findings from a few studies here to give you an oversight about what kind of music says what about what kind of person. So the first study that I want to talk about is this one from 2014. And this study looked at 772 participants and found that people who enjoy sad music have greater empathy but also greater emotional sensitivity. Hence why they get so much pleasure from really sinking into a song that is quite vulnerable and intense. So if you find that the majority of your playlists are quite sad and forlorn and, you know, low, dark moody, it might be that actually you're going to perform higher on tests of empathy and of emotional sensitivity. A second study using Spotify Listening History, which I think is such a great database if you obviously give them permission to use it, the study was published in 2020 and it had a 44 item questionnaire for personality. And then it also compared and matched those personality scores with what people were listening to. And it found over 50 correlations between how many playlists you had, your favorite artist, your genre of choice, and all these things, and what kind of person that you may be. For example, they found that people who listen to more folk music are more open to new experiences. They're also more open to new experiences the more artists they follow. So if someone's following more artists, the more likely they're going to want to travel and they're going to want to see things and taste new foods. People who were high in conscientiousness were less likely to listen to things like emo and punk, and they were more likely to listen to soul and country. And not just country, old country. The most extroverted people in the study tended to listen more to other people's playlists, and they listened to R B, Caribbean, funk, and country the most. It's just so fascinating how much this has to tell us about ourselves. I would really recommend checking out all these results. It's a study that I think Spotify actually did, or they lent their data to. If you just look up Spotify music, personality score, whatever it is, I'm sure you'll find it finally. Another really fun fact around the link between personality and music that I found was from a worldwide 2015 study that found that people who empathize more with other people's emotions tend to prefer genres like soft rock, R B and folk. But people who are more logical, what we call systemizers, prefer heavy metal, classical, and complex music. It also turns out that we generally actually form our music taste between the ages of 13 and 16. The music that we listen to and that we like during that period tends to stick with us for a very, very, very long time. I think when you find an artist who really. Or a genre that really articulates how you feel during those formative years, during your teen years, and that perfectly captures your internal turmoil and your joy, it is very, very validating. It's like being able to feel like there's someone else in this world who gets you, and someone gets it, and you're not alone. And that act of recognition, that feeling of being understood through art, is fundamental to solidifying what you tell yourself about yourself. It tells you in a way music is able to confirm to you, this is who I am. This is what resonates with me. These are the kind of people that I am like beyond individual expression. I think also music is a really beautiful way to make friends. It's incredibly socially connective. It's such a powerful engine for group affiliation. We all know this feeling intuitively, right? You know, you meet someone new, one of the things you may talk about is what kind of music you like. And if there is a shared love there, boom. It's like an instant connection. If someone likes the same artists and the same music, you almost assume that they're a very similar person to you on factors that go a lot deeper than musical preference. So this really taps into something called social identity theory, core concept in social psychology. It suggests that a significant part of our self concept comes from the groups we belong to, and we are constantly trying to find our way or a way to connect to those groups. Liking the same music doesn't feel superficial. It often signals shared values, similar cultural experiences, even common emotional landscapes. Similar chapters and periods of your life. I always think about going to a Taylor Swift concert, going to the ERAs tour last year, and looking around and being like, oh, yeah, I could probably be friends with every single person here. Not because we might have a lot in common, but because I know that we definitely have a few things shared if we've been able to resonate with this music. Concerts as well are just like if music brings us happiness and joy and pleasure. Concept concerts like Dial that Up by a Thousand, a million, a billion. The shared energy, singing along, the feeling of unity in a crowd of thousands. That is a very powerful psychological phenomenon. It's why people scream and cry and go crazy at concerts and festivals. It's this release of oxytocin, the bonding hormone, that is being shared and creating this synchronized experience. It's a sense of belonging. It's a sense of being part of something bigger than you, which we all want to be part of. And in our 20s in particular, and now teens, like loneliness is such a silent struggle. During that time, being able to find your musical tribe feels like a lifeline. It's a shorthand to connection. It's a way to build community. You know, I think about all my friends who have these Internet friends from when they were on Tumblr and like listening to One Direction or like Five Seconds of Summer, it just creates such a unique connective experience. Here's a subtle but important nuance as well. The music we listen to doesn't just reflect who we are. It also shapes who we are becoming. If you consistently listen to empowering, confident music, it can actually subtly influence your self perception and your behavior. Thanks to this concept called effective priming, Exposure to certain stimuli like music can influence our subsequent thoughts and actions. In fact, in a 2023 study from the University of Notre Dame, they found that listening to upbeat, happy music for a certain amount of time every day can actually shift your mood. It made people more optimistic, and it actually increased how many positive thoughts they were having every single day. Similarly, if you are constantly immersed in music that is angry or melancholic, it can in some states, in some ways, reinforce those emotions and reinforce that feeling. It shapes your outlook. You, music and you have a very complex relationship. Like, hopefully that's coming through how I'm explaining this. Like, it's this dynamic, reciprocal relationship, I guess. You know, it's similar to repeating mantras. It's similar to words of affirmation. If you are screaming at the top of your lungs that you are incredible, you're gonna feel incredible. If you're listening to sad songs that talk about how terrible life is, you're gonna feel like life is terrible. So music isn't just a backdrop. It is an active participant in how we see ourselves and how we see the world. So I want to talk about how music functions as a coping mechanism, because for many of us, especially in our 20s, music isn't just about enjoyment. It is a very vital tool for navigating life's ups and downs. The moment of overwhelm at work, the surge of anxiety before a meeting, a feeling of loneliness. Music can shift those feelings. It is an act of emotional regulation. Interestingly, it's not just calming music, ambient music, lo fi music, that can do this. The same thing occurs for familiar songs. Songs that we know are comforting because they are predictable, and the emotions they elicit have been ones that we've encountered before and we've managed. It's why listening to music from your childhood, listening to like early 2000s pop music, listening to like old Taylor Swift albums or old albums that you loved, makes you feel at home in a weird way, makes you just feel so comforted. It's like, this is a place that I've been before. This is a soundtrack that I'm familiar with. People have obviously started to recognize this. I think western medicine has started to recognize this. A lot of cultures have understood this for many, many, many, many decades. We're just kind of catching up, as we are with many, many things. Clinical musical therapy is now becoming a much more prevalent therapy. It's a recognized field that uses these very principles that we have been discussing, these neurological principles of music's psychological effects to help people manage anxiety, to help them reduce pain, to help them cope with trauma. Researchers have really demonstrated time and time again how structured musical interventions can lead to significant improvements in emotional well being and beyond. Pure stress relief. Making music, making sound, creating things, can also be a fantastic distraction. And it can also be an incredible way to unlock creativity. And we know creativity being frequently creative, links to high life satisfaction, links to greater well being, even increases immune response and increases senses of a Sense of emotional safety. I think we're going to see offerings of music therapy, obviously, in conjunction with other therapy as well, like CBT or dbt, really increase, because we're starting to realize that only treating things in a very clinical way, in a very structured way that has to do with you and another person interacting and solving things and thinking about things doesn't always work for people. And finding, like, music is, like, this key that unlocks whole new dimensions of someone's ability to cope and of their memories and of their trauma and their personhood, that it's crazy that we aren't using it more. It's crazy that. That, you know, Western medicine is only just woken up to how powerful it can be. Let's talk about another element of this, though. Because music can be therapeutic. It can be a distraction. It can be emotionally powerful. It can be a memory jogger. Is there a point where we listen to too much music? Is there a value in music? Does the value of music diminish beyond a certain point? Yes. Music is an incredible mental distraction to aversive stimuli like pain or boredom. And whilst distraction is a valid, sometimes healthy coping strategy, there is a fine line between distraction and avoidance. Is silence really all that terrible? Is it really that bad for you? I was on a run with my friend the other day, and we. We have a running group where we live. Never thought I would be someone who's in a running group, but that's for another time. Anyways, we were, like, preparing to run, and I looked over at her and she didn't have her headphones in. And I was like, okay, well, we'll wait till you have your headphones in. And then she was like, oh, no, I'm not gonna wear them. And I was like, oh, did you forget them? Like, you can borrow mine. And she was like, oh, no, no. Like, I haven't. My mom has been talking to me about. And I've been reading about how when we constantly have music on or we have sounds distracting us, it can actually pull us away from the present. It can even make us irritated. It can actually make it harder for us to focus. So she did this whole, however many kilometer run with nothing in her ears. And I was like, that is. I could not do that. But it really got me thinking. Like, can we listen to too much music? One researcher did say that no more than eight hours a day is best, because at that point, you can actually start to damage certain auditory systems. But also, you essentially blunt the emotional effect of music on your mood and motivation. Like you become less sensitized to it. There is value in actually being present in the moment and listening to the natural sounds around you, tapping into your senses, listening to your surroundings, and then using music when you really need it, rather than just to something that is always playing in the background. You know, as incredible and invaluable as music is, sometimes it actually gets in the way of being truly where your feet are. I guess it relates to an episode I did on maladaptive daydreaming, right? Daydreaming is beautiful. It's fun. It's magical. If we're constantly doing it, if we're constantly trying to escape the present, to be in some kind of fantasy, then it can actually become very unhelpful. Think about this for a second. Are you using music to process your sadness, or are you using it to numb you off or distract you? The difference can be subtle, but it's very crucial. Some studies suggest that, yes, listening to sad music can help explore melancholy. Constantly listening to sad music can induce really heavy rumination. It actually might make you feel worse than you would be without it. It's worth considering. So the big question that we have and that I think we've been kind of coming to is, if music is this incredible tool, how do we use it for good? How do we use it to elevate our life, to boost our mood, to make us more focused, make us more creative? The key, I believe, is intentionality. Instead of just letting music happen to you, try and engage with it consciously. Ask yourself, what music makes me feel, what and when can I use it intentionally for those moments? So let me explain this a little bit further. One study found that different kinds of musics are best for different moments in your life and different kinds of work that you need to do. So slow instrumental music is best for deep work. It's less likely to interfere with your reading comprehension. It's less likely to interrupt problem solving. It's best to do hard, deep work. When you are listening to slow instrumental music, Soft, fast music has a positive impact on learning. So when you're engaging in something new, having music that is a little bit more upbeat, maybe has a few lyrics, is better. Very upbeat music with a higher tempo helps you when you're doing something that requires movement or motivation, like you're exercising, you're cleaning your room. But in a very difficult task, when you're doing a very difficult task, you're memorizing material, you are problem solving, like doing in depth problem solving, maybe like advanced calculus, I don't know. The more likely music is actually distancing and distracting you, and that's when you need to turn it off. So I actually think it's important to curate your own playlists for different own context. Instead of just having a random collection of liked songs that you play whenever and that you kind of get bored of. Think strategically. Based on what we've discussed about music's impact on mood and arousal, create or find playlists that have the following vibes. So we're going to make five playlists. The first playlist is going to be a focus zone playlist. So this is your playlist for deep work. Think instrumental, lo fi, ambient classical music designed to keep your mind engaged but not distracted. Then I want you to have the Energy Surge playlist. So you'll go to for workouts before a big presentation or when you need to, like, shake off a slump. High tempo, driving beats, empowering lyrics. This is when you can consciously tap into that dopamine hit and that entrainment that we mentioned before as well to boost your physiological arousal. Then we want the Calm down and center playlist. So gentle acoustics, nature sounds, classical pieces, slow jazz, designed to activate your parasympathetic nervous system, bring you back into your body. Not necessarily the same as your Deep Work playlist. Then we want the Process My Feelings playlist. So this one is, you know, a playlist that has really deep cuts in, might be even be like genuinely quite sad, but music that validates your emotions, that provides catharsis, makes you feel hopeful. Maybe we kind of divide this playlist into two. We have the Process My Feelings playlist. So this is like your really, really sad, somber playlist. And then you have your, like, everyday background thinking, fun lyric playlist. So music that, like, you can think about, music that you can sing along to, that is interesting to you and keeps you inquisitive and keeps you, yeah, curious, I guess. So leverage that I want you to have those playlists so that you're not getting irritated by music. You're not finding that it's like slipping into context that it doesn't need to be in. I also think it's important to leverage music as a contextual cue for new habits. And this is. That's why the previous step is required that you have those playlists. This is a really cool trick from behavioral psychology. If you're trying to build a new habit, say meditating, journaling, getting ready for bed earlier, running, associate a specific type of music with that habit. Play the same calming instrumental piece every time you want to Go to bed every time you want to meditate, every time you wake up in the morning and you want to get up feeling excited. Over time, that music will become a conditioned stimulus, so it automatically signals to your brain to enter the specific state that you want to be in. It's creating a mental shortcut. I also think that given music's power, but also its power to be a distraction, like we were talking about before, you do cordon off time in your day for silence, but you're not listening to a podcast. You're not listening to your music. You're not immediately putting your headphones on. You're just embracing the sensory experience of the. Of the noises around you. Constantly playing music is actually probably interrupting your brain's ability to concentrate. And music will feel more special if you don't constantly have it in the background. Have you ever had this experience where you've been in meetings all day, you've been running around all day, or, like, all week, and then you finally get to sit down and, like, put on your favorite album, and you're like, wow, this actually, this. This stuff is good. Like, this feels really nice. Sometimes we actually do need to kind of let ourselves have a break from it or engage with music, like, beyond the headphones. You know, listen to it not through headphones, Listen to it in your car, listen to it on your speaker system, go to a concert, go do karaoke, go to a dance class. So you experience what it's really meant to do for you, which is to connect you to others, connect you to your body, connect you to your environment as well, rather than just keep you quiet, insular, I guess. Just practice mindful listening. Really listen to a song, really engage in it, really notice what it does for you, and really notice when perhaps it's frustrating you and you need silence. I think ultimately, music is one of humanity's most profound gifts. Really, it is a gift. I'm feeling very spiritual about this episode, but I truly believe it is like, music is one of the. I think a lot of people's reasons for being like a world without music would just be so terrible. And it's just so incredible how much it does for our emotions, for our healing, for entertainment. It's vital, it's powerful, it's a psychological companion, but understand its nuances, engage with it mindfully, and harness its incredible mental power. So I think that's all I have time for today. I feel like we've covered a lot of bases. There's still things I probably didn't talk about, but what I really want from you if you have listened this far is to drop a comment below of your favorite song so I can make a playlist companion to this episode of the listener's favorite songs. If you are listening to this episode before, let's say the 1st of July 2025, please leave a song down below. I want to make a little collaborative playlist of all our favorite songs. Also because I'm in kind of like a musical rut right now, I want to listen to some new stuff. Like I need to stop listening to the same like Kelsey Bellarini and like Vera Blue albums that I have been listening to on repeat. So put some song suggestions down below. I want to make this playlist happen. Thank you for listening this far. It will be a sign that you were able to concentrate and that you are a loyal listener. And also don't forget to follow me on Instagram Hat Psychology Podcast don't forget to listen to Into Mantra if you want to break from your playlist from your current albums on repeat. Mantra is a really beautiful place to land. It is such a meditative podcast for me. It's such a great way to start your week. I will also have a link in the description as well. Make sure you are following along. Make sure to give us a five star review and share this episode with a friend. I'd love to hear your thoughts feelings qualms for every favorite favorite songs in the comments or on Instagram. But until next time, stay safe, be kind, be gentle to yourself, happy listening and we will talk very, very soon.
- [50:34]
Gemma
Hello my lovely listeners. By now you know the more knowledge we have about ourselves and the way our bodies work, the more empowered and in control we are. And this is also true when it comes to our sexual health and what to do after unprotected sexual that's where Plan B comes in. It's emergency contraception with no age requirement that helps prevent pregnancy before it starts. And because it works by only temporarily delaying ovulation, it won't impact your ability to get pregnant in the future. We love a backup plan that puts us in control because the more we know, the more power we have. Learn more@planb1step.com users directed hey everyone, it's Gemma.
- [51:15]
Lex Pereiro
So sunlight is essential for your health and Primally Pure's new Sun Cream, Sun Stick and Sun Lip Balm let you enjoy the sun safely. These mineral based nutrient rich products offer broad spectrum protection without harmful chemicals. My favorite is the Sun Stick for on the go protection and you can use my code Gemma15 for 15% off at www.primallypure.com. that's P R I M A L L Y p u r e.com welcome.
- [51:48]
George M. Johnson
To the youe vs you podcast. I'm Lex Ferrero and every week we sit down with some of the biggest names in entertainment to talk about the real stuff, the struggles, the doubts, and the breakthroughs that make them who they are. We go deep, exploring childhood trauma, family overcoming loss, and the moments that shape their journey. These honest conversations are meant to take the cape off our heroes with the hope that their humanity inspires you to become a better you and therefore set you free to live the life of your dreams. Here's a sneak peek.
- [52:19]
Unknown
I'm trained to go compete. I'm trained to be like harder. But sometimes that mentality stops you from stopping and smelling the flowers in your own garden.
- [52:26]
George M. Johnson
Is it wrong to want more?
- [52:28]
Unknown
We migrated. Our family migrated here. I'm like second generation.
- [52:38]
George M. Johnson
Listen to you versus you as part of Michael Tuda Podcast Network. Available on the iHeartRadio app, Apple Podcasts, or wherever you get your podcasts.
- [52:48]
Unknown
I'm Erin Welsh, an ecologist and epidemiologist.
- [52:51]
Erin Welsh
And I'm Erin Ahlman Updike, also an epidemiologist.
- [52:53]
Unknown
On our show this Podcast Will Kill you. We cover everything from the biology of deadly diseases to the world weird history behind them all with a healthy dose of humor.
- [53:03]
Erin Welsh
Like the time we made a surprising discovery about scabies. When you look at pictures of especially these particular mites, they look more like tardigrades, like water bears than they do too.
- [53:13]
Unknown
They totally do.
- [53:14]
Erin Welsh
Yeah, they're kind of cute.
- [53:16]
Unknown
Or when we used a classic movie reference to explain allergy tests, an allergist.
- [53:22]
Erin Welsh
Will inject teeny tiny amount of the thing that they're allergic to underneath their skin.
- [53:29]
Unknown
It's just like iocane powder in the Princess Bride. But it works.
- [53:33]
Erin Welsh
And our COVID 19 series was even added to the CDC museum archives. So need I say more?
- [53:39]
Unknown
New episodes drop every Tuesday on the exactly right network.
- [53:42]
Erin Welsh
Listen to this podcast Will Kill Youl on the iHeartRadio app, Apple Podcasts, or wherever you get your podcasts.
- [53:48]
Gemma
Hello my lovely listeners. By now you know the more knowledge we have about ourselves and the way our bodies work and the more empowered and in control we are. And this is also true when it comes to our sexual health and what to do after unprotected sex. That's where plan B comes in. It's emergency contraception with no age requirement that helps prevent pregnancy before it starts. And because it works by only temporarily delaying ovulation. It won't impact your ability to get pregnant in the future. We love a backup plan that puts us in control because the more we know, the more power we have. Learn more@planb1step.com users directed this Pride Month.
- [54:29]
Dexter Thomas
We are not just celebrating, we're fighting back. I'm George M. Johnson, author of the most banned book in America. On my podcast, Fighting Words, I sit down with voices that spark resistance and inspire change.
- [54:41]
Erin Ahmed Updike
This year, we are showing up and showing up.
- [54:44]
Unknown
You need people being like, no, you're not. What you tell us what to do.
- [54:48]
Erin Ahmed Updike
Is coming down on us, and I don't want to just survive. I want to thrive.
- [54:54]
Dexter Thomas
Fighting Words is where courage meets conversation. Listen on iHeartRadio app, Apple Podcasts, or wherever you get your podcasts.
- [55:03]
Unknown
OpenAI is a financial abomination, a thing that should not be an aberration, a symbol of rot at the heart of Silicon Valley. And I'm gonna tell you why on my show, Better Offline, the rudest show in the tech industry where we're breaking down why OpenAI, along with other AI companies, are dead set on lying to your boss that they can take your job. I'm also going to be talking with the greatest minds in the industry about all the other ways the rich and powerful are ruining the computer. Listen to Better offline on the iHeartRadio app, Apple Podcasts. Wherever you happen to get your podcasts.
- [55:33]
Are there any pictures of you online? Then you could already be in a massive police database without even knowing it.
- [55:39]
Dexter Thomas
Clear view, Scrape together images from Facebook, from LinkedIn, from Venmo accounts.
- [55:45]
Unknown
I'm Dexter Thomas, host of Kill Switch, a podcast about how living in the future is affecting us right now.
- [55:50]
Dexter Thomas
Police, they are trusting this software with this magical ability to lead them to the right suspect.
- [55:56]
Unknown
In this episode, we dive into how cops are using AI and facial recognition and sometimes getting it wrong and putting innocent people behind bars.
- [56:04]
Dexter Thomas
So if your accuser is not this algorithm, but you're not even being told that it was used, let alone given any of the details about how it.
- [56:12]
Unknown
Works, Listen to Kill Switch on the iHeartRadio app, Apple Podcasts, or wherever you.
- [56:17]
Erin Ahmed Updike
Get your podcasts, this is an iHeart podcast.