The Rest Is History - Episode 521: Warlords of the West: Killer Queens (Part 2)
Release Date: December 12, 2024
Hosts: Tom Holland and Dominic Sandbrook

Introduction

In this riveting second part of "Warlords of the West: Killer Queens," hosts Tom Holland and Dominic Sandbrook delve deeper into the tumultuous rivalry between two formidable Merovingian queens: Fredegund and Brunhild. Set against the backdrop of post-Roman Gaul, this episode uncovers the intricate power struggles, political maneuvers, and personal vendettas that shaped early medieval Europe.

Historical Context

The episode begins by situating listeners in the ruins of the Western Roman Empire. While the Eastern Roman Empire thrives in Constantinople, the western territories are fragmented, with power devolving to warlords who declare themselves kings. In Gaul, the Franks under King Clovis emerge as dominant forces, laying the foundation for what would eventually become France.

Key Figures: Fredegund and Brunhild

Fredegund emerges as a central figure whose rise from probable slavery to power is nothing short of extraordinary. Described as "a strawberry blonde slave queen," Fredegund is portrayed as intelligent, resourceful, and determined. Her mastery of languages, cunning in manipulation, and relentless ambition set the stage for her meteoric ascent.

Brunhild, on the other hand, is introduced as a Visigothic princess—beautiful, elegant, and politically astute. Unlike Fredegund, Brunhild operates within the established structures of power, forging alliances and securing her position through legitimate means.

The Rivalry Begins

The seeds of conflict are sown with Fredegund's marriage to King Chilperic of Neustria. Initially his mistress, Fredegund leverages her charm and intelligence to secure her position. However, Chilperic's desire for a legitimate queen leads to the arrival of Galswintha, a Visigothic princess, in 568.

Notable Quote:
Dominic Sandbrook [20:22]: "That's a very Game of Thrones scene, isn't it?"

Fredegund's jealousy and determination are palpable as she orchestrates the assassination of Galswintha, leading to her swift marriage to Chilperic. This act not only cements her position but also ignites a fierce rivalry with Brunhild, who is Galswintha's sister.

Power Shifts and Assassinations

Fredegund's cunning is further demonstrated with the alleged assassination of Sigibert, Chilperic's brother and King of Austrasia. Utilizing poisoned weapons, Fredegund eliminates one of her primary threats, showcasing her ruthless nature.

Notable Quote:
Tom Holland [29:22]: "What a twist. Come back after the break to find out what happens next."

Brunhild, resilient and strategic, maneuvers to protect her lineage by smuggling her young son, Childebert, to Austrasia, ensuring his safety and future claim to power. This act intensifies the feud, setting the stage for ongoing conflict.

Fredegund’s Consolidation of Power

With Sigibert eliminated, Fredegund solidifies her power in Neustria. She adeptly navigates the political landscape, manipulating nobles and leveraging military strategies reminiscent of Roman tactics. Her ability to execute "justice from the shadows" earns her both fear and respect among the Neustrian nobility.

Notable Quote:
Tom Holland [52:36]: "So this is, I think, is."

Fredegund's strategic brilliance is evident in her successful ambush of Austrasian forces at Droisy, a tactic inspired by Roman military manuals. This victory underscores her capability as both a political and military leader.

Brunhild’s Struggles and Resilience

Despite facing captivity and attempts on her life, Brunhild remains a formidable opponent. Her strategic alliances and political acumen allow her to protect her son and retain influence within Austrasia. However, the relentless attacks and loss of her children take a toll, both personally and politically.

The Decline of Fredegund and Brunhild

As the episode progresses, the narrative shifts towards the waning years of both queens. Fredegund faces personal tragedies with the death of her sons due to dysentery, which she suspects to be acts of witchcraft. Her methods grow increasingly ruthless, exemplified by the public execution of Brunhild through barbaric means.

Notable Quote:
Tom Holland [56:33]: "Of course he does."

Brunhild's demise is punctuated by her brutal execution, marking the end of an era and the extinguishing of a powerful adversary.

Conclusion and Legacy

The episode concludes by highlighting the extraordinary reign of Fredegund and Brunhild as dual regents, ruling over vast territories encompassing modern-day France, Belgium, the Netherlands, and parts of Germany and Switzerland. Their reign set the stage for the eventual rise of the Carolingians, who would eclipse the Merovingian dynasty.

Notable Quote:
Tom Holland [60:24]: "Well, what a terrific cliffhanger."

The enduring legacy of these two queens serves as a testament to their indomitable spirits and the profound impact they had on shaping medieval European history.

Key Takeaways

• Fredegund's Rise: From probable slavery to power, Fredegund exemplifies resilience, intelligence, and ruthless ambition.

• Brunhild's Influence: As a Visigothic princess, Brunhild's political maneuvers and alliances highlight her as a formidable counterpart to Fredegund.

• Rivalry and Power Struggles: The feud between Fredegund and Brunhild, marked by assassinations and strategic battles, underscores the volatile nature of Merovingian politics.

• Legacy: Their reigns paved the way for significant transformations in early medieval Europe, influencing the eventual rise of the Carolingian dynasty.

Notable Quotes with Timestamps

• Dominic Sandbrook [02:10]: "Queen Fredegund was very depressed, for she had been stripped of much of her power by her great rival, Queen Brunhild."

• Tom Holland [05:55]: "If you're a lawyer, loyal friend of the show, you can buy a T-shirt that proudly declares your allegiance."

• Tom Holland [20:22]: "That's a very Game of Thrones scene, isn't it?"

• Dominic Sandbrook [29:38]: "Meaningless stuff. Why do we gift so much meaningless stuff?"

• Tom Holland [36:32]: "That's quite an imbalance."

• Tom Holland [59:01]: "She's 70 at this point, just too."

Final Thoughts

Episode 521 of "The Rest Is History" masterfully intertwines historical facts with engaging storytelling, bringing to life the dramatic saga of Fredegund and Brunhild. Their complex personalities, strategic brilliance, and relentless pursuit of power offer profound insights into the dynamics of early medieval European politics. For history enthusiasts and newcomers alike, this episode provides a captivating exploration of a pivotal era.