Theodore Dalrymple is the pen name of Dr. Anthony Daniels — physician, psychiatrist, and social diagnostician. He spent years working in the hospitals and prisons of Birmingham before his essays for City Journal established him as the foremost chronicler of what he called the culture of the British underclass. His writing has also appeared in The British Medical Journal, The Times, New Statesman, The Observer, The Daily Telegraph, The Spectator, The Salisbury Review, National Review, The New English Review, and The Wall Street Journal. Theodore has authored numerous books, his book Life at the Bottom is twenty-five years old this year, including Life at the Bottom, The Worldview That Makes the Underclass, Our Culture, What's Left of It, and Spoilt Rotten: The Toxic Cult of Sentimentality.

Rob Henderson is a Senior Fellow at the Manhattan Institute, a contributing editor at City Journal, and the author of the memoir Troubled: A Memoir of Foster Care, Family, and Social Class — a national bestseller selected by The Economist as one of the best books of 2024. He is best known for coining the concept of luxury beliefs: ideas that confer status on the educated class while the costs are borne entirely by those at the bottom. He has written the foreword to the 25th anniversary edition of Life at the Bottom.

In this conversation we think out loud about:

What Life at the Bottom got right and what 25 years have added to it
Why the non-judgmentalism Dalrymple documented has spread from the clinic into the general culture
Luxury beliefs: the ideas that confer status on the educated class while the costs fall on everyone else
Why the disability industry at elite universities is the latest expression of the same pathology
The tattoo economy and what it reveals about cultural contagion moving upward through society
What honest hope looks like and what a serious individual-level response might actually require

Find Theodore Dalrymple's work:

Find Rob Henderson's work:

About Thinking Class: Thinking Class is a long-form interview podcast exploring the cultural, historical, and moral forces shaping England, Britain, and the wider Western world. Hosted by John Gillam, the show features serious conversations with historians, legal scholars, economists, theologians, and public intellectuals — concerned with long-term patterns over headlines and hot-takes.

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