
In this episode of This Is Woman’s Work, Nicole Kalil explores the deep human need to matter with philosopher Rebecca Goldstein, uncovering why mattering may be more essential than happiness and how redefining worth from the inside out can change how we live, lead, and relate.
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Nicole Kahlil
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Rebecca Neuberger Goldstein
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Nicole Kahlil
Plus@1Peloton.Com if you love the show, the best way to keep it going is simple. Share it, rate it, and support the sponsors who support us. I am Nicole Kahlil and you're listening to the this Is Woman's Work podcast. We're together. We're redefining what it means, what it looks and feels like to be doing Woman's work in the world today. Not as a title or a role, but as a lived experience, one where you get to decide what matters, what doesn't, and what's worth your time and energy. And that word matters is doing a lot of the heavy lifting here, because if you zoom way out, it's easy to argue that most of us don't matter all that much. We're one human among billions, a blip in history unlikely to be remembered past a few generations. In that context, the pressure we put on ourselves to be exceptional, unforgettable, or permanently impactful can feel kind of absurd and yet zoom back in to the people we work with, the relationships we're in, the humans we raise, the choices we make, the communities we impact. In that context, we matter. With absolution, we shape lives, we change outcomes, we influence the future in ways that are both obvious and and invisible. Both things are true at the same time. And I don't know about you, but living inside that paradox messes with my head a little bit. Because at our core, alongside safety and connection, we don't just want to matter. We need to. We're wired to. It's one of our most fundamental human drives. Which raises some uncomfortable questions. If this instinct is universal, why does it feel so scarce? Why does our desire to matter so often turn into comparison, competition and conflict? And why does something so deeply human manage to both drive us forward and pull us apart? That's exactly where we're going today. Into the deep end with somebody who has spent decades thinking, writing and teaching about the very things that most of us feel, but rarely articulate. Our guest is Rebecca Neuberger Goldstein, award winning philosopher and author of 10 acclaimed books of fiction and nonfiction, including her newest book, the Mattering How Our Deepest Longing Drives Us and Divides Us. Her work explores why the need to matter may be even more fundamental than the need to be happy. And how understanding that instinct might change how we see ourselves and each other. Rebecca, I'm super glad that you're here. Thank you for joining us. And I want to start with this concept that you believe that needing to matter is even more fundamental than the need to be happy. Why do you think that is? And why have we gotten it so backwards?
Rebecca Neuberger Goldstein
Yeah, it depends what you mean by happy. No matter what you mean, I still think that the need to matter, this longing to matter, is more important to us than happiness. But there's happiness as that emotion that comes and goes. And like all emotions, it's a response to the circumstances we find ourselves in. And the emotions are there because they have cognitive content. They're telling us something. That feeling of anger or dislike that cause us to either fight back or draw away is a response and it's wired to our actions. And so too with happiness. Happiness is an emotion and we can't live for that emotion. That's not the role of the emotions, that's not why they evolved. There's another notion which is the notion of the ancient Greeks called it eudaimonia and it sort of means flourishing, that sense. It's a long range view of your life where you feel this is going pretty well. So a good life, of course it could be better. I could compare it to other lives, but all in all, I wouldn't trade it for another life. And this is a very important feeling, this feeling of flourishing, subjective well being. But I would say that the longing to matter is. It's very tied in with that second form of happiness. Because one of the things that goes into our assessment of how well we're living our lives is how well we're meeting this longing to matter, to live a life that we can justify to ourselves. It's a very philosophical longing that we have it takes us out of the immediate present, into the past, into the future, into our goals. And there is where the longing to matter does very much feature.
Nicole Kahlil
It's interesting as you're talking, you're right. The emotion of happiness is temporary and fleeting because it's emotion, all emotions ebb and flow and all of that. Whereas this idea that we matter feels more long term and sustainable. Contentment popped into my head when you were describing that second version of happiness. And I think the feeling that we're here for a purpose or a reason, or the fact that we were here made some sort of difference, I think leads to that feeling of happiness. And I also think it's harder to find that feeling of happiness if you don't feel like you matter. So they do seem linked to me.
Rebecca Neuberger Goldstein
Yeah, they are linked. Yeah. To go after that, you know, that happiness which comes in many gradations. You know, when I solve a difficult problem, I get this surge, something in my brain. It just serve of neuronal transmitters, you know, serotonin and these things. It's not meant to last. You can't live for that, as wonderful as it feels. But this, this more reflective, projecting and very abstract kind of emotion. Because you're sort of comparing this life counterfactually with how your life might have been. You know, the thing that I have found that most interesting to me, that has kept me going over the past decades of speaking to people about this with no intention of ever writing a book, but just because it leads to such interesting conversations. It's the great diversity we bring to bear. We share this longing, but yet it is the way we try to respond to it, to a piece. And it can never be. It's a longing because it's always there. We always know that doubt is always there. Am I doing it right? And your introduction was so wonderful because. Yeah. You know, compared to the cosmos and to long history. Yeah, of course I don't matter. Although some people think they do. Right. And you know, some people, in fact, you know, the religious, the spiritual answer might lead you to think that, yeah, in some sense you cosmically matter. You were created by the transcendent being. And that's one of the approaches, you know, the religious, the spiritual. But there are secular approaches as well. But it's this diversity that we bring to bear in this question. And our lives are at stake here. We kind of stake our lives on it. How we decide to live out a life that we can justify in our own eyes and so it can brew among us very deep Divisions, you know, not just the religious, secular, but all sorts of divisions, deeply irresolvable controversies. The Mannering map, I call it, is where our deepest controversies are played out.
Nicole Kahlil
It's funny, as you were talking, I feel like this plays out all around us. I think you're right. We all have our fears and our doubts and our wondering around, do we matter? How much do we matter? How do we matter? And then I also think there's a tendency to. We see people telling each other how to matter, and then that can be very. As you said, it's completely diverse experience. How I matter in my life, how I choose to justify my existence, might be different than you or the next person or the next person. And because these fears and doubts exist, I think sometimes when somebody's version is different, we try to double down on our own and fight for our own. And that's where we're creating this division and this I'm right and you're wrong and I matter and you don't, or I matter more because of X, Y.
Rebecca Neuberger Goldstein
And Z. Yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah.
Nicole Kahlil
Fascinating. Okay. I have so many questions around that. But before I move us forward, I have to ask, because I know you went to the etymology of the word matter and you looked at the root of this word, and I am wildly fascinated about this, that what does it mean to matter?
Rebecca Neuberger Goldstein
You know, we use it as both a noun and a verb. As a noun, matter is the stuff of the universe. It's what physicists study, right? But the verb to matter we use both to apply to what matters and who matters. Who matters really matters to us because we all want to be among those who matter. But it means basically to be deserving of attention, which is, again, it's a complicated notion because deserving is what we philosophers call. It's a normative notion. It brings norms of justification into it to be, you know, deserving. According to what norms? You know, who's judging here? What are the right norms for judging who's deserving of attention? What I think we are. I mean, my fast definition of our species is we are creatures of matter who long to matter. So that verb is both noun and verb, gets to the very core of all of us, of all of us, from the most powerful people who are dictating how the world is turning out to the most humble among us. To be human is too long to matter to take your life seriously and to want to justify all the attention that you have to pay to yourselves simply to pursue a human life. So this word matter, where does it come from. And it's such an interesting story. So it goes all the way back to the ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle. And he was the one who introduced this idea that what things are, are both form imposed on stuff. You know, there's just this gross stuff, and then there are all the characteristics that get imposed on it. And we get, you know, all the different varieties of physical things. And there was no word for stuff, for just general compositional stuff. And so he used the word, the ancient Greek word for wood, hyli, and for just this notion of passive receptivity without any characteristics of its own, just stuff that's taking up space, but with no characteristics. Well, the Latin translators of Aristotle, because he became the philosopher to study philosophy was to study Aristotle. So his Latin translators, they wanted a word, and they didn't want to use the word would, but they wanted to capture this idea of passive receptivity with no activity involved. And they used the word materia, deriving it from the word for mother, mater. When we talk of our atma mater, we're talking about our nurturing. Mother mater is how you say mother in Greek. And because they, following Aristotle, thought that women have no role to play in the act of conception other than pure receptivity. Because according to them, following Aristotle, women are simply people who fail to become men. Men is the divine.
Nicole Kahlil
So I have lots of thoughts around that.
Rebecca Neuberger Goldstein
But okay, so to me, this is mind blowing. As a woman, as a woman philosopher who studied physics, that was my first. My. My first course of study, that the very word for the stuff of the universe comes from this false belief about women. The belief, in fact, that women matter less than men is built into the very word we use for the stuff of the universe and what it is to be deserving of attention. You know the verb. So just interesting. It just. For me, it's mind blowing.
Nicole Kahlil
Fascinating. Okay, I don't want to go too far down that rabbit hole and turn this into an opinion piece, but I want to circle back on your book. You talk about mattering projects. What is that? And how can we do that in our own lives?
Rebecca Neuberger Goldstein
Yeah. Okay, so, you know, Freud had said that the two cornerstones of humanness is love and work. And I would amend that to connectedness. And there are various ways of forming connections. Not all of them are love, but connectedness is extremely important. And without that, there is no flourishing because we are lonely. We need people in our lives who will pay us attention whether we deserve it or not. But then there is our longing to matter. And what we do to try to appease it, to try so that we can get on with our lives. And, and almost everybody I've ever spoken to, even I have a summer house on Cape Cod, Massachusetts. And I hang out a lot with the surfer dudes there who are very philosophical surfer dudes. I have tremendous confidence. So the surfer dudes, when I talk about the longing to manner and what is their mannering project, they have an answer to it. And women who devote themselves to their families, the flourishing of their families is their manner project. Or they're religious people to serve their God, you know, as they think God wants to be served, you know, is there a mattering project? The project. We have many projects. Cleaning out my attic is one of my projects. But writing my books, trying to figure out this question, trying to leave some deeper understanding into human nature. This is my mannering project. This is why I teach, why I write. But we all have these sort of long range projects, they're sort of never really finished because they are really what make us engaged with our life. And people who don't have this, I said people who don't have connect connections, deep intimate connections, feel loneliness. People who don't have this kind of loosely defined project, mattering project, they also suffer in the extreme. They suffer from depression. And the most characteristic statement of depression is I don't matter. I might as well not have shown up for my life for all the difference I make, you know, and so this too, so I would. That's what going back to Freud's love and work. Well, for Freud, that's so interesting. For Freud, clearly it was his work. It was his psychoanalytic work. That was his mattering project. That's not meant to be the mattering project of all of us. Work is not for all of us, but for many of us, certainly for me. Yes.
Nicole Kahlil
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Nicole Kahlil
And correct me if I'm wrong, but it sounds like we can and probably will have multiple mattering projects. So I consider this podcast one of my mattering projects. I also consider my family. You know, we probably have many versions of this in our life. Is that fair to say?
Rebecca Neuberger Goldstein
Absolutely. You know, but actually a lot of people, if you define, and that's one of the things I love to do in these deep dive conversations that I've been having with people over the last 40 years, is if you define it broadly enough, you will find, you know, there's the connectedness. So yeah, you know, I have family, I have children, I have grandchildren. Yes. You know, that this is. And my flourishing, my sense of flourishing is certainly dependent on all of that going well. But there's this other thing too, right? This, this something where I feel that I'm justifying all of the attention that I have to give to myself by giving something more. You know, that there is something that I am giving, but that's not how it is for everybody. And for many people, there's a. A collapse between the. What they need for connectedness and their mattering project. But I'm very interested when there is a duality.
Nicole Kahlil
Right. As you were talking, the thought came into my head that I think that our life in the universe gives us hints, like I think of breadcrumbs throughout the course of our life or through lines about our mattering project. There might be themes, or if you think about all the ways you feel you matter or all the ways you're deserving of attention, there may be some commonalities that give you some hints or some direction in what this overarching mattering project might be. Fair or not fair?
Rebecca Neuberger Goldstein
Oh, completely. And that is why it's just so interesting to, you know, how people always feel like they, you know, they have a. Or a lot of people have. I have a book in me, you know, just to have lived my life, if I could express it. There's a book there, there's a story there, there's a beginning and a middle, and we'd like to push that off. But. But yes. And so, you know, and. And I think you're right that there is. There are themes that come deep out of our own individuality. You know, the question, the meaning of life has always just put me off because as. As diverse as we are, a truly ineradicable and radical kind of diversity, we bring that diversity to bear in trying to answer this longing to matter. And. And as you pointed out before, there's a great inclination to try to proselytize, to generalize, to universalize one's own way of dealing with this deep existential longing. And I talk about that a great deal in the book because it can lead to really ugly divisions between us. Yeah. It's so important to see what we share.
Nicole Kahlil
Yeah. And that's where I really wanted to go next, is the inclination to compare, to judge, to compete. I think can and does come up here. So my first question is how do we identify our own ways of mattering our own mattering projects without judging other people's own ways of mattering and mattering projects and also without, like, taking them on? I think sometimes we think the way we matter is by doing it the way someone else is doing it, as opposed to figuring out our own way. So how do we navigate through this connectedly? Right. So we still are leveraging other people, but without comparing competing, that type of thing.
Rebecca Neuberger Goldstein
Yeah. And one thing I do want to point out when I say deserving of attention. This deep existential longing that we have, the attention of which we want to prove ourselves deserving is our own. So it's not necessary. It's not like, oh, you know, I'm going to be famous, a celebrity, I'll matter to loads and loads of people, therefore I will matter a lot of people. That is the way they try to, to appease this existential longing. But I think it's something so deep and interesting and beautiful about humans, about all of us, that we are actually trying to justify ourselves to ourselves. That's very deep. And, and, and I think it's what we're gesturing towards when we talk about the intrinsic dignity of human life. This, that we need a project to convince ourselves we're deserving of all the attention that we have to give ourselves. So one thing that I do, and of course, you know, we're living in a time where it's very, very easy. We're so polarized, it's so easy to feel horrified by things we see displayed. And you know, whichever side you're on, you're going to be horrified with people on the other side. And it is, to me, it's almost a practice, it's almost like a Buddhist practice that I go through to try to understand the people who are, who are upsetting me and who I think are doing damage in the world. To see the deep humanness in them, the longing, the doubts, the just being, the vulnerability, the just being vulnerable to all of this. That, that is human. And then, you know, and some people, I have found, really think of mattering competitively. They are very competitive people. If you give them psychological tests that tests competitiveness, they are hyper competitive. And what they mean by mattering is matter. They, they think of mattering in zero sum terms like it's a pie, you know, if that person gets a big piece of it, there's less of it for me. And there are whole political movements right now that are sort of based on this, you know, give us back our mattering. These people are taking it away from us. You know, the whole groups of people that are targeted is taking away the mattering that is rightfully ours. However you define that, you know, and they're right. So, you know, and that this is, this is, this is a huge problem, you know, and some people simply are extremely competitive, but most of us are not. If I give these tests for competitiveness, most of us fall in between. And so how do we. First of all, I think we should realize that the person that we really have to convince that we're deserving of attention is ourselves, nobody else really. And not our authorities either, not our parents, not our teachers. We have to look deep into ourselves and see. I love what you said. There are breadcrumbs that the universe is giving us, sparks that made us feel more alive. There are things we do that make us feel. Yeah, you know, I'm really in gear here. I'm ready to go full force. I can't wait to wake up tomorrow morning and get back to this. These are the kinds of reactions, deeply individual, that we're looking for and certain communities that we feel nurture that, certain communities that take it away go where that feeling is being nurtured. And the other thing that I think is always to keep in mind, and I'm always interested in morality and ethics, is that some things can make us feel very good about ourselves, but at the expense of others. And that is, you know, if there's anything that I think that I can prove philosophically, it is to the extent that any of us really intrinsically matters. Every other human matters to that same extent that that is, that is a basic. That's a guardrail. And it can show you where even though something's feeling very, very good to you, you might be morally going in the wrong direction. And that's something to watch out for very seriously.
Nicole Kahlil
Yeah, especially again, if we're justifying to ourselves, if we go against our own integrity or what we ultimately value or feel is right or wrong, you know, to ultimately that we're gonna carry that with and for ourselves. Everything you just said, Rebecca, is so powerful. Like my inner knowing knows it's hearing something it needs to hear. It's really incredible. I wanna just reiterate what I heard is this is an inside out proposition. And so often we have been taught mattering as an outside in. If I can make enough money or do you have enough followers or be as productive or change the world, then I'll matter. And this idea that ultimately who we need to matter to is ourselves might be the most powerful thing I've ever heard on this show. So thank you for that. Then my question goes to. And I think we all, everybody of any gender has some version of this. But I think we as women have often been taught or society has kind of supported this notion that in order for us to matter, we need to be useful, we need to be nurturing, we need to be self sacrificing, we need to be productive. Any tips for how we can not take our internal mattering so far that it becomes something it's not meant to become.
Rebecca Neuberger Goldstein
Yeah, such, such a good question. And, and one of the, you know, things that's so interesting to me as a woman is how often this, this question is sort of if a woman asks it, people think it matters that she's a woman. Like what that or sex or gender or you know, both that, that would determine the answer. You know again I'm going back to Freud. I know he's my, he's my whipping boy today. I don't know why but you know, he had said the great question that has never been answered despite my 30 years of research into the feminine soul is what do women want? And it's like well we don't want as women, you know, we want what people want, what it is to be human. We want connectedness so we won't be alone in this world. And we want to do something to justify our own attention to ourselves, you know, and that might have something to do with the traditional roles of womanhood, but it might not. And there's very famous philosopher and psychologist William James. In fact I work at Harvard at William James Hall. I mean so he was a Harvard professor, very important figure and he suffered from a long debilitating period of depression. Multi talented, too many talents, he didn't know how to define his mattering project and so he just couldn't get on with his life. He was lay in bed for months at a time thinking of suicide, that's how bad it was. But then he decided, nope, he's just going to get on that horse and he's going to ride it. And he became a very influential thinker, somebody who's had enormous influence. And he had a sister, a younger sister. Now these were the Victorian people, they were, you know, a 19th century family. His sister was named Alice James. We found out many years later in the 1970s when her journal was published, she had the same genius, she had the same temperament, she had the same inclinations and interests. She had no place to put it and she turned into a. Her mannering project was to be an invalid. You know, they called it hysteria, nobody could diagnose it. And when she finally, in her early 40s, so tragic to say, when she finally got breast cancer, she was happy because now she had a diagnosable disease and she could just, you know, retreat to her bedroom and die. So it's almost like a controlled experiment there, you know, and it same kind of temperament, different genders. She needed that great big wide world of ideas that he was able to Explore. We all need different things. There's no one answer fits all. There's certainly no one answer fits all Women.
Nicole Kahlil
Yeah. And isn't that beautiful? You know, I often say at the start of the show, the definition of woman's work is whatever feels true and real and right for you. You are the decider. And that feels so aligned with what you're saying and true to my experiences. There is no one way to do this. And we are here as who we are. And that is the quest, isn't it, to figure out for ourselves how to be our.
Rebecca Neuberger Goldstein
How to be here in the most creative pro life way that we can do it and not at the expense of other people's longing to matter, which matters. I mean, all of them matter. It's a sad thing in our species that one half of the population was for millennia cut off from the full potential of being human, um, and giving back in the way that we would like to give back in order to feel that we truly matter. There is no one way for any human being, however you define us, including by our sex and gender.
Nicole Kahlil
One last question, Rebecca. What would you say if somebody's listening in and asking the question, do I matter?
Rebecca Neuberger Goldstein
You do. I mean, you do. Every human, you know, I mean, matters of. There's not so much that one can prove in philosophy, but here I think we have a knockdown proof. Every human being matters. But that general kind of answer is not going to do it. It's an individual problem. You are living this life. You are having to spend 247 with yourself and asking, you know, do I really deserve all this attention? Why am I putting myself and my own flourishing before everything? Why. Why am I paying so much attention to it? Am I truly deserving of it? So that is, you know, an individual question that you have to answer the general philosophical question. Of course you matter. That's not going to do it. We all need a project, a mattering project that gets us out of bed in the morning and onto doing what feels productive and creative and beautiful to do. Beauty is such a. Is such a signal for tending your garden. This might be what you are meant to do. This might be where the joy comes out.
Nicole Kahlil
If you, like me, want to dive deeper into this. A reminder that Rebecca's book is called the Mattering Instinct. It's available on Amazon or wherever you get books. Let's keep our local bookstores in business. We'll put the link to all the ways to find and follow Rebecca in show notes. Rebecca, thank you. This conversation was beautiful. And necessary and important, and I hope everybody listening felt the same way. I did that. It just. I don't know, it found me at exactly the right time. So thank you.
Rebecca Neuberger Goldstein
Thank you. Thank you so much.
Nicole Kahlil
All right, friend, I will close us out with a loving reminder that mattering isn't about being extraordinary, famous, or universally admired. And it's not about proving your worth through constant productivity, perfection, or self sacrifice. Mattering isn't loud or performative, but it's not light either. It's weighty. It shows up in how you show up for the people around you and the choices that you make in the work that you do. If this conversation did anything, I hope it challenged the idea that mattering is scarce or reserved for a select few names that we all recognize. Mattering isn't limited significance, isn't something you compete for, hoard or prove. It's not a zero sum game where for you to matter more, someone else has to matter less. You matter because you're here, because you shape the world through how you live, lead and relate. You are a creature of matter who longs to matter. So you matter. Full stop. End of discussion. Now go matter and remind someone else that they do too, because this is woman's work.
Episode 387: Do I Matter? The Mattering Instinct with Rebecca Newberger Goldstein
Release Date: February 11, 2026
In this thought-provoking episode, Nicole Kalil welcomes philosopher and author Rebecca Newberger Goldstein for a deep exploration of the “mattering instinct”—the idea that the need to feel one’s significance is more foundational than the need for happiness. Together, they unpack why we’re wired for mattering, how that drive can bring both unity and division, the meaning and etymology of the word “matter,” what a “mattering project” is, and how women (and everyone) can authentically answer the question, “Do I matter?” The conversation challenges societal expectations, redefines “woman’s work,” and offers practical wisdom for anyone wrestling with their sense of purpose and impact.
The conversation is philosophical yet warm, deeply thoughtful but accessible, with both women showing vulnerability and conviction. Nicole blends encouragement and challenge, creating space for self-inquiry, while Rebecca brings in rigorous intellect, historical context, and compassion.
Everyone longs to matter—and everyone does. True mattering is discovered not through external validation, comparison, or competition, but through finding and pursuing “mattering projects” that resonate personally, ethically, and creatively. For women, and people of all genders, this is a call to shed the “shoulds” of society, define mattering on our own terms, and embrace both our humble and profound capacity to influence the world.