Podcast Summary
Podcast: Todo Concostrina
Host: Nieves Concostrina, SER Podcast
Episode: Acontece que no es poco | Consumado el golpe de Estado, los Borbones recuperan el trono
Date: January 11, 2024
Overview
This episode delves into the so-called "Restauración borbónica"—the restoration of the Bourbon monarchy in Spain on January 11, 1875. Nieves Concostrina focuses on the misleading language often used in official history (e.g., "restoration" vs. "imposition") and unpacks the reality: it was not a peaceful reestablishment of the monarchy, but a coup d’état. The episode offers historical context, exposes political maneuvering, and highlights the duplicity and recurring corruption of the Bourbon dynasty.
Key Discussion Points and Insights
The Power of Language in History
- Careful Word Choices:
- Carla emphasizes the responsibility of those who tell stories to use words carefully, noting the enormous difference between restoring something and imposing it by force.
"No es lo mismo, por ejemplo, restaurar algo que imponerlo por la fuerza. No es lo mismo. No lo es." (Carla, 00:52)
The "Restoration" Was a Coup
- Misleading Terminology:
- The process traditionally called “la restauración borbónica” should more accurately be described as an imposed monarchy or coup.
"Es que la impusieron. ¿Cómo? Pues a través de un golpe de Estado. Así como suena." (Nieves, 01:03)
- The term “pronunciamiento” is often used by historians and military men to disguise what is, in fact, a golpe de Estado (coup).
"Cuando los militares dan golpes de Estado les gusta que se hable de pronunciamiento o alzamiento." (Nieves, 04:39)
The Plan Behind Alfonso XII’s Accession
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Long Preparation:
- Alfonso XII’s return was planned for four or five years by the monarchists, with Antonio Cánovas del Castillo orchestrating. The goal: stir chaos within the Republic so that the people would accept the monarchy as a solution.
"El plan de los monárquicos, con el político conservador Antonio Cánovas del Castillo a la cabeza, era dejar que los republicanos que se dieran de leches entre ellos…y así, cuando viera el momento oportuno, los monárquicos le dirían a los españoles: ¿Lo veis? Si instauramos la monarquía…" (Nieves, 05:05)
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The Manifiesto de Sandhurst:
- Officially, this document was "written" by Alfonso XII while at the British military academy, but was truly authored by Cánovas del Castillo and published just before the coup, setting out the claim that only a Bourbon monarchy could save Spain.
"En Sanders estaba la Academia Militar británica, donde estudiaba el príncipe Alfonso. Por eso se llama el Manifiesto de Sanders..." (Nieves, 07:00)
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Hypocrisy of Language and Character:
- Nieves sharply calls out Alfonso’s supposed liberalism and Catholicism, mocking the contradictions between his public persona and private life.
"Este era el liberal que luego prohibió a las mujeres acceder a la universidad y era el católico que andaba casado con una y retozando con otra y dejando hijos bastardos, o sea, Borbón pura cepa." (Nieves, 08:20)
The Hasty and Anticonstitutional Coup
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Role of General Martínez Campos:
- Despite Cánovas’ plan for a “proclamación cívica” (popular proclamation), General Martínez Campos preempted it with a military coup, acting for his own prestige and against Cánovas’ strategy.
"Arsenio Martínez Campos tenía cabeza de militar. Ellos son más de ‘¿para qué vas a conseguir algo por las buenas…?’" (Nieves, 09:21)
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How the Coup Unfolded:
- December 29: military supporters gather in Sagunto, where Martínez Campos proclaims Alfonso XII king in the name of army and nation—a symbolic act with only a handful of participants.
"Se fueron a Sagunto y allí, en mitad de un olivar, Martínez Campos soltó una arenga y nombró al príncipe Alfonso de Borbón rey de España en nombre del Ejército y de la nación. Punto." (Nieves, 10:02)
The Non-Reaction of the Republican Government
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Powerless to Resist:
- President Práxedes Mateo Sagasta and President of the Republic General Serrano (preoccupied with the Carlist war and personally entangled with Isabel II) both offered little to no resistance to the coup.
"Sagasta no pudo hacer nada porque el capitán general de Madrid, Fernando Primo de Rivera, le dijo al presidente del mira, yo que tú me estaría quieto porque también estoy con Martínez Campos..." (Nieves, 12:00)
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Elite Collusion and Apathy:
- Civil and military elites simply switched allegiance, prioritizing their own interests and jobs.
"Nos encajamos en el nuevo gobierno y aquí no ha pasado nada. Si, los españoles están anestesiados, como siempre." (Nieves, 12:38)
Rapid Return and "Restoration"
- Events Move Quickly:
- From the December 29 coup, Alfonso XII is informed in Paris of his new "kingship"; travels rapidly via Marseille and lands in Valencia on January 11; by January 15, he triumphantly enters Madrid.
"El 30 de diciembre se enteró de que ya era rey allí en París. Salió de París a todo meter. El 7 de enero lo recogía en Marsella en la fragata Navas de Tolosa. El 11 desembarcó en Valencia y el 15 estaba entrando en Madrid a caballo y con fuegos artificiales..." (Nieves, 13:46)
Notable Quotes & Memorable Moments
- On language manipulation:
"Nos trampean constantemente con el lenguaje." (Nieves, 04:37)
- On royal hypocrisy:
"Este era el liberal que luego prohibió a las mujeres acceder a la universidad y era el católico que andaba casado con una y retozando con otra y dejando hijos bastardos, o sea, Borbón pura cepa." (Nieves, 08:20)
- On the Spanish attitude:
"Si, los españoles están anestesiados, como siempre." (Nieves, 12:38)
- On the recycled nature of Spanish elites:
"El otro día decíamos que los apellidos se perpetúan. Milán, del Bosch, la familia de la Cierva, Primo de Rivera. Todos están cercados en los golpes de Estado." (Nieves, 11:39)
Important Segment Timestamps
- 00:52: Carla and Nieves discuss the importance of using precise language in history.
- 01:03: First reference to the 1875 restoration as a coup d’état.
- 04:37–04:39: Critique of euphemisms like “pronunciamiento” vs. “golpe de Estado.”
- 05:05: Explanation of the monarchist plan for public support via engineered chaos.
- 07:00: Discussion of the Manifiesto de Sandhurst and Cánovas' behind-the-scenes role.
- 09:21: Exploration of Martínez Campos’ motivations (personal rivalry with Cánovas, military logic).
- 10:02: Description of the Sagunto proclamation scene.
- 12:38: Discussion about the non-resistance of elites and apathy of the populace.
- 13:46: Timeline of Alfonso XII’s rapid installation as king.
Tone and Style
The episode maintains Nieves Concostrina’s signature sarcasm and critical, irreverent tone. She mixes rigorous historical fact with sharp wit and popular culture references, making the subject lively and accessible. The playful banter between Carla and Nieves, and interspersed song lyrics, help underscore the absurdities and ironies of Spanish history.
This summary provides a clear roadmap of how the Bourbon monarchy was "restored" in Spain—not through popular will or constitutional process, but by orchestrated political machination and a military coup, all neatly camouflaged by the manipulation of words and historical memory.
