40:I[185,["/_next/static/chunks/3xnt26d00_zk-.js","/_next/static/chunks/1s-yni1uf2lwd.js","/_next/static/chunks/42spz6paskvb6.js","/_next/static/chunks/06x30xgfe6iur.js","/_next/static/chunks/3b4qrzgkt_l12.js","/_next/static/chunks/15lgs8s22dk5l.js"],"SendEmailButton"] 42:I[63625,["/_next/static/chunks/3xnt26d00_zk-.js","/_next/static/chunks/1s-yni1uf2lwd.js","/_next/static/chunks/42spz6paskvb6.js","/_next/static/chunks/06x30xgfe6iur.js","/_next/static/chunks/3b4qrzgkt_l12.js","/_next/static/chunks/15lgs8s22dk5l.js"],"AddToLibraryButton"] 43:I[29721,["/_next/static/chunks/3xnt26d00_zk-.js","/_next/static/chunks/1s-yni1uf2lwd.js","/_next/static/chunks/42spz6paskvb6.js","/_next/static/chunks/06x30xgfe6iur.js","/_next/static/chunks/3b4qrzgkt_l12.js","/_next/static/chunks/15lgs8s22dk5l.js"],"ShareButton"] 44:I[58016,["/_next/static/chunks/3xnt26d00_zk-.js","/_next/static/chunks/1s-yni1uf2lwd.js","/_next/static/chunks/42spz6paskvb6.js","/_next/static/chunks/06x30xgfe6iur.js","/_next/static/chunks/3b4qrzgkt_l12.js","/_next/static/chunks/15lgs8s22dk5l.js"],"ProcessEpisodeButton"] 45:I[45269,["/_next/static/chunks/3xnt26d00_zk-.js","/_next/static/chunks/1s-yni1uf2lwd.js","/_next/static/chunks/42spz6paskvb6.js","/_next/static/chunks/06x30xgfe6iur.js","/_next/static/chunks/3b4qrzgkt_l12.js","/_next/static/chunks/15lgs8s22dk5l.js"],"SignupCTA"] 39:["$","span",null,{"aria-hidden":true,"children":"·"}] 3a:["$","span",null,{"children":"00:44:39"}] 41:T522,

How should we remember Ulysses S. Grant on his 200th birthday? As a Civil War hero and Civil Rights champion? Or as a slave holder and president who sought to assimilate indigenous Americans into white society?

Professors and Grant experts Joan Waugh and Brooks Simpson weigh in.

Sources:

An Interview with Mary Robinson, Formerly Enslaved at White Haven (National Park Service)

De Blasio Won't Say If Ulysses S. Grant Statue Is a Hate Symbol (Scott Heins, Gothamist)

San Francisco Protestors Topple Statues of Ulysses Grant and Other Slave Owners (Lois Beckett, The Guardian)

U.S. Grant: American Hero, American Myth (Joan Waugh, UNC Press)

Ulysses S. Grant: Triumph over Adversity 1822-1865 (Brooks Simpson, Zenith Press)