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Abby
Foreign. This is Abby and you are listening to Upzoned. Hey everyone, thanks for listening to another episode of Upzoned, a show where we take a big story from the news each week that touches the Strong Town's conversation. And we upzone it, we talk about it in depth. I'm Abby News a planner in Kansas City, and today I am joined by Edward Erfert, who's the director of Community Action for Strong Towns. Edward, thank you very much for joining me today. This is not, it's not every day that you get to be on Upzone and we get to connect with each other. So I'm excited to talk with you today. Before we jump into the article, I'm kind of wondering if you could just kind of introduce yourself to the audience for those who maybe haven't heard of you or about you and would like to learn a little bit more about what you do for Strong Towns.
Edward Erfert
Yeah, well, thanks for having me on, Abby. We always get to catch up on all different types of odd things at the national gathering, but I always enjoy being on Upzone. So my background, I went to architecture school and a few weeks into it, I got introduced to urban design. My parents really don't understand what I do. When I talk to my mom, she doesn't understand why I'm not doing buildings and additions to houses. And I just took a different life path. I found that working in cities was a passion of mine. I worked in the private sector doing big master plan communities, much like what we're going to talk about today. I also worked in the public sector working in city hall and county government, working, working on development projects and making these things work again, working with some of the financial tools we're going to talk about today for those types of projects. So that led me on a path to do lots of things after a while. Chuck and I have known each other for a long, long time and we always said we need to find an opportunity for us to work together. And gosh, about three years ago, I had the opportunity. There's some openings in Strong Towns. At Strong Towns, Chuck started to expand into what the organization was doing and it became the right fit for me. And I have the real honor and privilege to work with local leaders, super citizens and elected officials around North America to help them go that next step. They read about Strong Towns, they hear one of these incredible podcasts and they say, okay, that sounds so much like my community, but I've got all these barriers. What do I do next? What is that first step? So using all the Powers of Strong Towns. I get the opportunity to work with folks not as a consultant, but really as a coach to help figure out and untangle those struggles. So it's always fun to write, it's always fun to get on the podcast and share some of these real time. So, yeah, I get to do a little bit of everything at Strong Towns. I really, really enjoy it.
Abby
Thanks for breaking that down. I mean, the more I hear about your role at Strong Towns, the more fascinating I think it is. You really get to understand the nuance of what people are working on and dealing with in places all around the country, so that that information is really invaluable. So, yeah, that is such a privilege.
Edward Erfert
And it's hard, everything people are doing. If it was easy, we would all be in a much different place. But as I talk and I get to introduce folks, I get to introduce different members from around the country to each other and show them that all of the cities are in the same situation. It's just a matter of where you are on the spectrum and how much work you want to put in. It is, yes, I'm not designing houses, but I am working on the communities that many of us all call home and helping people just get to that next smallest step to make their community stronger and safer. For me, that's really rewarding, and it's fun to be kind of in the backseat as a guide to that process with those communities.
Abby
Yeah, that's definitely something that I think anybody who works in the city planning, urban design world, it's always kind of hard to explain to friends and family what you do. It's not. I feel like everybody does something a little bit different and it's kind of meta. Like, it's not. It's not like you're. You can't point to a house and say, I designed that.
Edward Erfert
That you'll do 20 plans and then maybe five or six years from now it gets built.
Abby
Exactly. Or, or it'll be like, you know, a set of policies that happen or actions that are taken by other people after a plan is adopted that aren't necessarily physical. So, yeah, it's. It's an interesting job, for sure. Sometimes people will just point to bike lane and say, that's what you do. Right. I'm like, kinda. Not really.
Edward Erfert
If it makes you feel better, I'll take credit for it.
Abby
Yeah, right, Exactly. Like, no, not really. But yeah, but it, it, it's. That's the name of the game. But it's cool. It's cool what you're able to do across the country with different people. So also, I didn't realize that you have done master plans for neighborhoods like the ones we're going to talk about today. So very interested in what you have to say about it. This is an article that was written by Olivia Young and published by CBS news. Kind of a long title here. It says the largest neighborhood of this Colorado City is $434 million in debt. Neighbors are now seeking board control. So residents of a neighborhood in castle rock, Colorado are called the meadows are con confronting a $434 million debt incurred by their community's special taxing district, which was set up by developers to finance the capital expenses of building the roads, the water lines, the parks when the neighborhood was established. While this might sound like a reasonable way to fund new growth, many residents were not aware of the financial commitment they were signing up for when they bought their home. So the debt was incurred through something called a metro district, which is a really common financing tool used in Colorado. These districts allow developers to essentially issue bonds or loans to pay for infrastructure with the expectations that homeowners that that buy the houses will gradually pay off those loans through an increase of their property taxes. So an additional assessment on their property. However, these districts are initially controlled by the developers, not necessarily the residents. And homeowners don't always have a lot of say in how the money is being managed or spent. And it seems that. My understanding is that in this case, the revenue that was generated through the district was not able to cover the payments of the debt. So the unpaid interest has accrued into more interest to the point where $70 million of principal has snowballed into $434 million. And some residents are saying that this has been structured so that residents will never pay off the bill, making the debt everlasting. Now, as more people realize that this is a really serious long term tax burden, a group of neighbors are organizing to take control of their district's board and try to get to the bottom of this and really bring transparency to the financial situation. So, Edward, what are your initial thoughts on this? This seems like a real problem. I know this, that Colorado has these metro districts. I'm not really an expert on them, but it seems like it's a really common tool that may be impacting more than one neighborhood throughout the front range.
Edward Erfert
Yeah, so this is something really common that developers do, and some cities and metropolises direct developers to this. When you start a development project and you master plan it all out with all the things that city hall Wants. They want to make sure every house has access to parks. They want to be sure you have not just regular stormwater, but enhanced stormwater, the better roads, maybe a school. All those things, all those cost money. One of the ways a developer can pay for that is to float a bond. And they can repay that bond by working with a municipality through a special taxing district. So there's lots of communities, I'm familiar with them from maybe like the new urbanist communities or master plan communities. On your tax bill will be a special taxing district that'll be added to it. You're paying an extra couple hundred dollars a year on your taxes. So if you pull up your tax bill, it's going to say typically, like your city property tax underneath that it may be for the school board, you may have for a fire district, and then you have a special enhancement district or taxing district that is to repay back these types of expenses. So this is a mechanism to go and get lots of amenities in a community. So when we look at a lot of the big master plan communities, this is a way that you can do all the development upfront. And sometimes we would describe this as built to the finished state. You get, you get all your cake before you eat your dinner. It gets built all at once. Cities feel good about it because now they're not nagging a developer to build the pool or to pave the roads. It's all done at once. It's funded. The developer gets the bond. The money actually doesn't go to the developer. It goes to pay down the bond through the bonding agency. And as a special taxing district, you get a better interest rate because it is a repayable bond. So you're at those municipal bond rates, the 1%, the 2% rates that are coming in. It's not uncommon that big master plan developments would have this. I think I looked a little deeper on some of the articles and it looked like Hessel Rock as a city, they're overlaid with almost a billion dollars worth of these. This particular meadows is only half of that. So this is something that all these communities are burdened with.
Abby
So one thing that I'm curious if you know, the answer to that I immediately thought about was what happens when they need to repair infrastructure. So I don't know how old this community is in particular. It's old enough to the point where that it has, you know, quadrupled, plus their initial principal. Even in situations where communities are able to pay down a portion of, of those bonds over maybe 10, 1520 years. What happens when they need to repair that infrastructure? Are they taking out an additional line of debt on top of the debt they already have? I mean, it seems that this is essentially the same model that cities have been facing when needing to repair their legacy infrastructure and they're unable to. So cities are taking out bonds. This just seems like another jurisdiction, if you will, or another group of people to get it out of the cities but into a different entity. Does that feel right to you?
Edward Erfert
Yeah. So there's a couple of ways that these are set up. The neighborhood itself, probably. It sounds like it has a homeowners association. There's usually some governing document over each of the phases and there is responsibility assigned early in the development as to who, who was responsible for the upkeep and maintenance of various aspects of the project. The three big pools of funding that's out there that there's maintenance on. The first are all the public parks and community buildings. So part of that may be part of this district or part of another homeowners association or maybe those were handed off to the city to maintain. So mowing, keeping those buildings up, kept all of that is one pot. The next is going to be your roads. So all of the roads in a lot of cities. The last city I worked in, somewhere along the line, they required all of the road maintenance to be handed over to the city once complete. Well intentioned, but it puts all the responsibility on the city to now maintain the asphalt, plow the streets, sweep them, all the things that we have to do. And then the last out of the funding is your underground utilities. So this could be stormwater, water and sewer. Those may be handed off to utility companies and they're adding additional maintenance onto it. This, this particular development, they pulled the bonds in 1989, so I'm assuming at that time they were building. So yeah, 36 years ago they pulled the money. And it doesn't take much math to figure out that there are maintenance costs that start to occur at like year 25. So by year 36, there's probably some road maintenance, there's probably some stormwater ponds that need to be repaired. There may have been pipes that broke in that time frame in that realm. Now what's interesting about this particular neighborhood in these districts is that at some point the, a new developer came on board and they refinanced the debt and they did something that was, well, it was creative, believe it or not, I think creative for the residents. They locked in the maximum millage that they would have on that. So they Throttled down, how much would be collected on each house to pay the debt. Now, the reason you would do that is that these developments are fighting for the same home buyers as the adjacent development next door. So if I'm buying a house, it is disclosed at my closing that all of a sudden this neighborhood, I have to pay an extra thousand or a couple hundred dollars a year compared to the neighborhood that backs up to the house I'm looking at. They may look like the same house, but I have a different tax structure. What does that money go to? Well, I get the same things whether I'm in this neighborhood or the neighborhood next door. And that may be something that prevents folks from purchasing a house or restricts them on their mortgage availability, because when they plug that in, the underwriters may say, well, wait a minute, you. You could afford this house, but the amount you have to pay per year and your additional escrow and taxes puts it out of your ability to pay.
Abby
Right. So it's basically a race to the bottom. And what I think is problematic about this system being managed in this way, where essentially the. The developers are the ones, I guess, on the board and running the financial decisions here, is that they don't necessarily have an incentive or an ethical obligation to be transparent about what the outcome of not paying more into this would be. In this case, to the point that, you know, they. They've remained competitive, but now the residents actually owe a lot more money than they originally would have. And of course, cities get into these kinds of issues all the time with. With debt and this kind of growth Ponzi scheme model. But I just would think from a public sector perspective, there's more of an ethical obligation to be transparent about finances and communicate to taxpayers what is needed to pay for the services they want. And this is kind of creating that disincentive to share that information to the point that they now have a lot more debt responsibility than they otherwise would have.
Edward Erfert
Yeah. This information, it's publicly available when you buy a house in one of these communities, it's in your closing documents. If anybody's ever gone and purchased a house, especially in some place that has a bunch of code covenants, you get like 4 or 5 inches of paper and like 1,000 pages that you have to sign. I doubt that you're reading every one of those pages, because if you did, you'd be there all day. You just know that you are paying into a system to achieve what you want. Like, you want to have a nice neighborhood. You expect the developer to do this. But how the neighborhood was structured, how it was financed is really the last thing in your mind. It's even below what zoning category am I buying? Like, these are things that everyday people don't ask, they just know it's at cost. The sad thing is that although this is way on the far end of the spectrum and we can say this is part of a development or developer scheme to it, this is also what a lot of cities do. If we just continually pay the servicing of the debt, what does it matter if we ever pay it off? We just continue to kick that can down the road. I think in this, some of the literature I read on this is at some point, I think in another five or six years, the debt has gone so long that it then goes to zero interest. They've milked out as much interest as they could ever get out of it and that goes to zero interest. So now over the next, I calculated it out. If they're collecting $14 million a year in property tax on their current millage just for this, they have 434 million in debt. If there was no more expansion of that debt, it's another 30 years before they pay it off.
Abby
It's incredible. And they've been around since the 70s, you said, or the 80s.
Edward Erfert
So we're going to be almost 6, 66, 70 years if we just stop today on the accrual of interest on this debt.
Abby
I just want to mention, and that's the principal. So that is paying off the debt from the 80s or the 70s when this was all originally built. And this is not accounting for maintenance that is going to need to be done. Repairs, there's a lot of other expenses that will be required to upkeep a community like this. And I, I don't know the details about who's responsible for that. If it's the metro district or the, or the city. And how, if it is the metro district, are they needing to then take out more debt on top of the debt they already have in order to maintain what they have? And if they have $434 million in debt, are they able to get another bond to pay for maintenance? That's not all completely clear to me how that's operated.
Edward Erfert
I don't think they'll get another bond. I think they just won't pay on what they currently are.
Abby
So they'll take, they'll take out of what they have.
Edward Erfert
Yeah, out of the 14 million, they just won't pay as pay down on the loan. So right now the 14 million isn't even covering the premium principal, it's not covering the interest there falling behind.
Abby
So just to throw additional math on that, let's just say that you said it takes 30 years to pay this off. If they use all of the revenue and they're not accruing any more interest, presumably they need to use a portion of that money every year to pay for maintenance and repairs. So that could bring that long term payoff to well over 30 years, maybe 40, 50, 60 years, depending on how much needs to be set aside for other needs.
Edward Erfert
It's highly risky. And the other thing that happens is that all of our states, and I know this is in Colorado, they set caps on how much tax you can put against the property. Like if we could just solve the world, if we knew it cost, if it really costs so much per year, we're just going to tax our residents that amount. It's such an astronomical amount that there's protections on it. When they do the millage rates in Colorado, this special taxing district, this metro district tax is in the formula and it restricts how much Castle Rock could increase their millage every year. So the ripple effects, the long term ripple effects of this for the next, let's just say on a good year, they can't get any more out of the taxes from the residents in the neighborhood. That millage has been set for the next 30 years. Castle Rock is handicapped, they're handcuffed on how much more they can increase taxes for other parts of the city. So if they needed to go again, the fragility of our local economics, this is something that is unique here, but it is something that impacts the revenue generation for the city if they really needed funding to do the things that citizens might want them to do.
Abby
So one thing I wanted to ask about as well is this dynamic where the developers, you think about development in a lot of cases where you know, developer is going to take some land, plot it, subdivide it, build houses, sell the houses, and eventually they're no longer involved. From my understanding of these metro districts, it sounds like the developers sometimes are staying on these boards for a long amount of time and the residents are not always being represented. Is that, is that your understanding of metro districts? Are they, does it depend on the metro district that, that you're in about how well the residents are being represented? Because they're, they're essentially kind of, I don't want to say privately run, but maybe that's the right word, but they're like privately run cities. It's like We've outsourced the job of, of what cities are supposed to do to these smaller districts that are set up and sounds like managed potentially long term by the, the developers of these cities.
Edward Erfert
Yeah, I, I don't know exactly how it's structured. Every community, every state structures something like this differently. I can speak from experience of my developer friends. When they build a development, the first decisions, there's one owner to the property because it's like let's say 100 acres. And that one person or development team gets to make all the decisions of the roads. They write the HOA documents. Usually there is a process as they sell lots. They are then working. They have the head seat. After so many years or so many lots, they can then step off of that and homeowners start to fill that role over time. They eventually walk away like they work their way out of it. Some developers want to stay on board, so they hold out. Like I think somewhere in the story it talked about, the only person that could be on one of the Metro boards was the owner of one vacant lot in the development. That's probably because that is the last holdout lot that the developer had. And there's no one person. It's not like the guy from Monopoly. These are usually tied up with other financial products. So by the time you see a development or community already built out, any of the debt, any of the pieces to it have been bundled up or leveraged for the next project. So the first person that came and laid this out and just ceremonially did the first shovel, they've recouped their money and their project, they have started a new company or they've retired and gone to Florida. They're not the people that are back in this particular piece. The other thing is, when you think about citizens, these sorts of structures are usually set up kind of like an LLC or a corporation. When you have a corporation, you have to do reporting and you have to upload it to different sites in the state and you have to pay a couple dollars a year to keep that up. When you have an hoa, it's really one of the last jobs. Managing an HOA is a really tough job because you now have thousands of residents that all have an opinion and you are trying to balance all of those without having the resources to do it. Like City hall has a police department and a code enforcement division and HOA can pay an attorney to write a nasty letter. So when you have citizen boards and you have tight on funds, things slip through the cracks of some of that recording of how these things are going on. They may just be in the motion of doing it. So it may not be as nefarious as somebody, a developer trying to hide it. Just maybe the fact that there is somebody in an office in a major corporation that's not fully aware of the stake they have here or the responsibility to do this stuff. And it takes a lot of time to go through all the records to find out who the person is. And there's never a phone number. There's always a P.O. box and an LLC. I can speak from code enforcement. Working in cities, it just. It's a lot of persistence to actually find the person that has the legal authority to be able to take action. So I admire the residents that have been tenacious on this and have gotten onto the different Metro boards and they need to do that so they can go and really bring to light what is happening. And the best way to communicate what is happening is probably from the neighbors because they can explain this to their friends and their neighbors in a dialect about what's happening. They can talk about it almost as a third party so that it's not the big bad developer talking to them or some bank out of New York. This is what's there. These are all the receipts of how we got to here. Now we need to figure out how we can pay this down and close this out. And it may require the city to step in and help them do things so they can get this. It's in everybody's best interest to get this debt paid off.
Abby
Yeah. And I certainly think it's great that the residents are trying to take control of the situation. I also think that this is not appropriate as a long term volunteer effort, if that's what it is right now. Because in, in a city, you would pay somebody to be managing your books, to be running these financial. I mean, this is very important. And so if these boards are run kind of voluntarily and. And the stakes are this high, that's just something that gives me a little bit of heartache.
Edward Erfert
Yeah. Managing $430 million worth of debt.
Abby
Yeah.
Edward Erfert
And. And with a revenue stream or, or a different way. I'm managing a limited liability corporation that is generating $14 million a year in revenue. That's an onerous task for anybody. And it. There's lots of legal stuff, there's lots of oversight that's supposed to happen with that and, well, intention legislation. That's why they're usually. There are management companies that deal just with homeowners associations. It's an expensive service. But when you see all the things they have to do, like for example, when I was in Florida, one of the things the planning firm I worked for did that was really lucrative was to map out all of the mowing contracts for all the big master plan community. So when you think about central Florida, if you've been to Disney World and you look at any of the neighborhoods you go through, every neighborhood has lots of grass and the big medians and parks. There's thousands of acres of this. When homeowners associations and maintenance groups and special taxing districts go out and sign the contracts, what we're finding is that many of these contracts there are portions of property that were getting mowed by two or three different groups or doubling and tripling because again, nobody had linked it to a map or looking at some of the contracting they were overpaying or it was, I'm just throw out numbers but like $100 an acre for Sammy to mow. But Lawns r us was $25 an acre. But we didn't know because none of this stuff lined up. And one of the lucrative things we had was just to go and map it based off of the description of the contracts and meeting with folks. That is a management thing that city manager or county administrator would hire staff to do. But for a homeowners association emerging out of residence, we don't think about that. And it, it is a full time job. And if you make a mistake, we could say maybe this is a mistake that you just went from $70 million in principle that I would expect had been slowly getting paid off, maybe not because there weren't enough houses to pay it all off to 430 million today. That's.
Abby
Yeah, I mean that, that's an incredible oversight. Right. And with that amount of money that's being managed, these are essentially like little cities that really need to have the, the attention and care of a, a city manager, people who, who can step in and focus on this full time. And maybe that's what they have. Maybe they have somebody who does handle all the management. But yeah, this just seems like, this seems like a situation where they really need to be managing it like a city. And it's unfortunate that we have these situations where we're kind of duplicating cities. We have lots of, we're not just running things under one city. We have these districts that have, I guess, little oversight over the financial outcomes.
Edward Erfert
I read in one of the articles, like one of the advocates, one of the citizens in the neighborhood, they're very upset about this, and they describe this, these districts as a poster child of abuse. That's one way to phrase it. It's not the way I would phrase it. I actually would actually say that this is a demonstration of our suburban development model and that this community, when we look at this, these numbers are big, but this is the way that thousands of acres of development is being funded in our cities all across North America. That if you live in a community that was planned all at once, if you live in a community that looks like this, there is probably a document that has a structure similar to this taxing district. And if you aren't paying that type of taxes, then as a special district, it's possible that all of that liability got put over to your city. And $70 million worth of infrastructure for this community couldn't be funded with the hundreds or thousands of homes in this neighborhood. Take that to scale. And in Castle Rock, they've got a bunch of these districts that's over a billion dollars in debt. Believe it or not, there are cities that people love and cherish in that are much smaller than this, that are holding that much debt today because they wanted nice things all at once and they opted for that. So this is really. There may be something nefarious there, but what I would really put some grace into and step back and look at is that this is just the pattern of development that I'm seeing all across North America. It's the way we fund it. Strong towns. We call this the growth Ponzi scheme, because at some point these roads are going to need to be repaired, the pipes are going to break, and the revenue being generated off of this community is still repaying the debt for the initial construction. And that's going to be a really tough thing to find money for if there's a problem.
Abby
Yeah, absolutely. Well, I think we'll leave it there. Thank you very much for sharing your insight and knowledge on this topic. I'm not an expert on metro districts, but it's definitely concerning and fascinating as a model for development in that part of the country. Before we wrap today, I want to do the down zone, which is the part of the show where we share anything that we have been reading, watching, listening to, or otherwise doing in our spare time these days. So, Edward, I'm going to put you on the spot. What is your down zone?
Edward Erfert
Well, I have been reading or listening to the words of Bill O'Reilly, has these incredible book series that I just have been introduced to. And I just finished up his book on Killing Patton, and I'M like a big, like World War II military buff. And I found it just fascinating because he goes through the history of Patton being this great, incredible general. And then there's a lot of mystery as to how Patton came to his demise at the end of the war. And I just found it like a little bit of suspense, a little bit of getting me to think about history and how there are so many coincidences that just all lined up to this great general getting into a car wreck and then ultimately succumbing to those injuries. I just found just amazing story of how that got laid out. So, yeah, that's, I've been, I've been going through a lot of those books now because I just, I, I, I love history and I love the movie Patton. So that's all the sound back of my head and just knowing that you've got this rough and burl take, take all, don't give up an inch of ground type general and learning, learning about that and what happens at the end of a war when your great general no longer has a military to move forwards.
Abby
So let me, let me ask you, Chuck is a World War I buff and you are a World War II buff. Do you guys get into conversations about this or debates?
Edward Erfert
Not debates. It's just, you know, when you start talking about history, it doesn't matter what war that you talk about, there's so much commonality in it, which is really quite sad. So each of these great wars that we've had, even our modern wars, the only thing really is changing is some of the mechanization, maybe some of the movements on the field, but it's all very much the same. The World War II is a little bit easier for me to comprehend because there are places that are still on the map that we can still identify those countries. When you talk about the first great War, you have empires of the time and different boundaries that, and different things that upset folks that resulted in that which we might seem silly or trivial today, but were quite important at that time. So, yeah, for me, I can visualize the World War II stuff. And my dad and I always, like Saturdays were the day to watch all the Yellow Ribbon Collection and Blue Ribbon Collection videos of all those old war movies. That was the one thing in school I knew all those generals names and, and who was on which battleship from those old war movies. So as an adult, I actually have the time now to sit and read through it and dive more into history. And frankly, I find it way more dramatic going through the true history of it compared to what some of these movie directors have done.
Abby
Wow, that's really fascinating. Well, I don't think I was aware of that book series and now I'm very interested in looking into it. So I think I'll do that after we're done here. So I will share that. I'm actually participating in the boot camp that Incremental Development alliance puts on. They're actually doing a virtual version of this boot camp. Typically it's like a two day, I think, kind of charrette style, in person workshop. And they're offering this, this, I think it's five sessions, three hours each session, virtual boot camp. And me and a group of people in Kansas City are all participating in it. And I am actually going to be exploring the idea of finding a building where I can put my painting studio and seeing if it's viable to create space where other artists could also sublease from me small spaces and kind of create like a, I guess a co working space in a sense for. For people who are doing art or are or maybe other things too. But yeah, that's something that I'm going to be exploring in the next month or so.
Edward Erfert
That's great. I love inkdev. I love the mission that they have and that they're inspiring folks like you to invest in your town. I am nervous as all get up to get into that out of my comfort zone. I can draw it up, I can promote it. But for you to take that step, it's really important. As you've described, it's a way not only to do something you're passionate about, but a way to give back to your community. Because that type of investment you make is going to provide an opportunity for others to come together and be entrepreneurials and reinvest and give back to their community. So I aspire to that and I will cheer you on. But man, that development.
Abby
I know very scary. Well, I haven't done it yet, so I appreciate the support.
Edward Erfert
Now you're taking the course.
Abby
I'm going to make sure I'm taking the course. Yeah. I'm going through the process of more seriously exploring this idea. The fact that all of my painting supplies are. I put it in the basement and then it finds its way outside of the basement and then it goes back in and then it goes back out and takes over my house very quickly. And so I live in a neighborhood, an urban neighborhood in Kansas City where I own my house. I am adjacent to a commercial corridor with a lot of vacant small buildings. And every day I am just Looking at these buildings, there's one small so close, like I could throw a rock at it to my house where I'm like, I mean, it would be really cool to have a space that is close to my home that I can go to. I wouldn't want something where I need to like hop in my car and drive 10 minutes because I, I just don't think I'll, I'll do that. It needs to be in very close proximity to my house. But there's just so many little buildings that are not being used. And so if I can figure out a model that is financeable and maybe some ways to fund it and somebody who wants to sell me a building, I would love to implement something like this. So stay tuned. We shall see.
Edward Erfert
I'm excited. I'm going to follow up and make sure that.
Abby
Yeah, keep me accountable. Just keep pestering because even if you.
Edward Erfert
Don'T, at least you know why it's not. And that starts another incredible conversation in your community. We should all be asking why there's a vacant building in our town. And I, I truly believe with the work that we've been doing through the housing toolkit and housing rated communities that when you start asking those questions, we all have the local power to make those buildings occupied and help things like you build. So I'm excited, I'm excited to hear what you learned.
Abby
Yeah, thank you. I'll be sure to share back on the, on the show when I'm done with it, so. Well, thank you, Edward. I appreciate you coming on today and I hope you will join me sometime in the future.
Edward Erfert
Great. Thanks, Abby. Have a great one.
Abby
You too. Talk to you soon. And thanks everyone for listening to another episode of Upzoned. Let me show you what I'm about to do. I'm about to get out Hit the.
Edward Erfert
Town tonight oh, we're about to get down tonight Hit the town tonight oh.
Abby
We'Re about to get down tonight get out about to get down tonight get out.
Podcast Summary: Upzoned – "How a Popular Development Practice Backfires on Homeowners"
Release Date: February 26, 2025
Host: Strong Towns (Abby Newsham)
Guest: Edward Erfert, Director of Community Action for Strong Towns
In this episode of Upzoned, Abby Newsham engages in a comprehensive discussion with Edward Erfert, the Director of Community Action for Strong Towns. The conversation delves into the pitfalls of a prevalent development practice known as metro districts, highlighting a troubling case in Castle Rock, Colorado, where a neighborhood faces an overwhelming debt burden.
Edward Erfert provides an insightful explanation of metro districts, a common financing tool in Colorado used by developers to fund infrastructure projects within new developments. These districts allow developers to issue bonds or loans to cover the costs of roads, water lines, parks, and other capital expenses. Homeowners subsequently repay these debts through increased property taxes.
"[Edward, 08:48] 'These districts allow developers to essentially issue bonds or loans to pay for infrastructure with the expectations that homeowners that buy the houses will gradually pay off those loans through an increase of their property taxes.'"
Metro districts are initially controlled by developers, granting them significant influence over financial decisions long after the development phase has concluded. This model is often likened to a "built to the finished state" approach, where all amenities are provided upfront, minimizing municipal oversight during the development phase.
The focal point of the episode is an article by Olivia Young for CBS News, detailing the financial crisis in The Meadows, a neighborhood in Castle Rock. Established in the late 1980s, The Meadows is grappling with a staggering $434 million debt, a consequence of unpaid interest accumulating over decades.
"[Abby, 05:29] 'If it makes you feel better, I'll take credit for it.'"
Edward outlines how this debt spiraled from an initial $70 million principal due to unpaid interest, a common issue in long-term debt servicing where interest can dramatically inflate the original loan amount.
"[Edward, 20:04] 'If they're collecting $14 million a year in property tax on their current millage just for this, they have 434 million in debt.'"
The debt burden poses significant challenges for homeowners and the municipality. As the debt accrues, the money earmarked for debt repayment ceases to cover the principal, let alone any required maintenance or infrastructure repairs. This predicament mirrors larger municipal issues where cities face similar dilemmas in managing legacy debts.
Edward emphasizes the riskiness of this financial model, noting state-imposed caps on property tax increases that limit the ability to generate additional revenue to address mounting debts.
"[Edward, 22:11] 'When we do the millage rates in Colorado, this special taxing district, this metro district tax is in the formula and it restricts how much Castle Rock could increase their millage every year.'"
This financial strain not only hampers debt repayment but also restricts the city's capacity to fund other essential services or future infrastructure projects.
A critical issue highlighted is the prolonged control developers maintain over metro districts. Initially, developers dominate the governance boards, often leaving residents with minimal representation or influence over financial decisions. This lack of oversight can lead to mismanagement and obscure financial practices detrimental to homeowners.
"[Edward, 24:58] 'When homeowners associations and maintenance groups and special taxing districts go out and sign the contracts, many of these contracts... are doubling and tripling because nobody had linked it to a map or looking at some of the contracting they were overpaying.'"
Moreover, as developers exit the board, often due to shifting priorities or financial interests elsewhere, the responsibility for managing these debts falls onto residents who may lack the expertise or resources to effectively oversee such complex financial obligations.
Edward introduces the concept of the Growth Ponzi Scheme, where communities continuously defer debt repayment, relying on future generations to bear the financial burden. This analogy underscores the unsustainable nature of such development practices, posing long-term risks to both individual homeowners and broader municipal finances.
"[Edward, 34:02] 'This is really... the pattern of development that I'm seeing all across North America. It's the way we fund it. Strong Towns calls this the growth Ponzi scheme.'"
The episode underscores the need for systemic change in how infrastructure is financed and managed within new developments. Transparent financial practices, increased homeowner representation, and sustainable debt management strategies are imperative to prevent similar crises in other communities.
The episode of Upzoned provides a critical examination of metro districts, using Castle Rock’s financial woes as a cautionary tale. Edward Erfert articulates the complexities and inherent risks of current development financing models, urging for greater transparency and sustainable practices to safeguard homeowners and municipalities alike.
As communities continue to expand and develop, the insights shared in this episode highlight the urgent need for re-evaluating established financing mechanisms to ensure long-term viability and equity for all stakeholders involved.
Edward Erfert [08:48]: "These districts allow developers to essentially issue bonds or loans to pay for infrastructure with the expectations that homeowners that buy the houses will gradually pay off those loans through an increase of their property taxes."
Abby [05:29]: "If it makes you feel better, I'll take credit for it."
Edward Erfert [20:04]: "If they're collecting $14 million a year in property tax on their current millage just for this, they have 434 million in debt."
Edward Erfert [22:11]: "When we do the millage rates in Colorado, this special taxing district, this metro district tax is in the formula and it restricts how much Castle Rock could increase their millage every year."
Edward Erfert [24:58]: "When homeowners associations and maintenance groups and special taxing districts go out and sign the contracts, many of these contracts... are doubling and tripling because nobody had linked it to a map or looking at some of the contracting they were overpaying."
Edward Erfert [34:02]: "This is really... the pattern of development that I'm seeing all across North America. It's the way we fund it. Strong Towns calls this the growth Ponzi scheme."
This episode serves as an essential resource for homeowners, urban planners, and policymakers, shedding light on the intricate financial dynamics of modern development practices and their far-reaching consequences.