
On today’s edition of “Victor Davis Hanson: In His Own Words,” Victor and Jack revisit California Gubernatorial Candidate Katie Porter’s recent shortcoming as a manager, the ‘Liberal West’s’ suicidal tendencies, and Gavin Newsom’s California latest attempts to take on reparations.
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Victor Davis Hanson
And then they look at the military and they say, wow, he's got people now. Pete Hecseth reported the other day that all of the recruitment targets have been met that we were told would never. So I think they look at that and they think, not just, you know, he's a cross. Everything he said he's done and it's working. And if we were to have a military that would emulate the American model in the sense of recruitment and if we could produce our own energy and we could, and if we could control our borders, then life would be much better for Europeans.
Jack Fowler
Hello, ladies. Hello, gentlemen. Welcome to the Victor Davis Hanson Show. I'm Jack Fowler, the host. I'm here to ask the kind of questions you would ask the great Victor Davis Hansen, who is the Martin and Ely Anderson Senior Fellow at the Hoover Institution and the Wayne and Marcia Buskey Distinguished Fellow in History at Hillsdale College. We are recording on Saturday, October 11th. This episode will be up on Thursday, October 16th. I know a lot of things can happen in these five days, but Victor, let's, let's hope the world doesn't come to an end. Your wisdom is evergreen. Anyway, we are at the Daily Signal, our new home for this podcast audio video. And Victor's, also separately from the podcast, four times a week, has a. A daily video that he does for the Daily Signal.
Victor Davis Hanson
Yes, I'm very happy to. It's a new, it's fairly recent new medium, the Daily Signal. It's got a wonderful guy running it, Rob Bluey. I like the idea. When I went and visited them, they're all young. They're all very young people, young guys and girls. They're all very. And they remind me of the Charlie Kirk people. They were very well spoken, nice, considerate, competent.
Jack Fowler
Yeah.
Victor Davis Hanson
So it's good for somebody my age to throw my saddlebags in with them.
Jack Fowler
Yeah. The happy warriors all. Katrina Trinco, my old colleague at National Review, is one of the top editors there. I'm very fond of the folks there. So, Victor, we have things we need to get your take on. One is Katie Porter, the former Democrat governor, congresswoman who's the leading candidate for governor of California, and she's been in the news lately for being kind of a beast. Barry Weiss has taken over as editor in chief of CBS News. A I think just a heinous thing happening in England at the Canterbury Cathedral. Get your take on that. There's a new issue of Strategica. The the occasional, I'll say, you know, every, every four or five weeks journal you oversee for The Hoover Institution, Europe elites backpedaling, Gavin Newsom doing crazy things. All that when we come back from these important messages.
Victor Davis Hanson
In a world of noise where the.
Jack Fowler
Truth gets buried, the Daily Signal cuts through the chaos. Investigative reporting, thoughtful analysis, real stories. We go where others won't ask what.
Victor Davis Hanson
Others don't and bring a perspective you won't find anywhere else. The Daily Signal is your source for.
Jack Fowler
Fearless journalism, covering the stories that matter most. From Washington's hallowed halls to America's main.
Victor Davis Hanson
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Jack Fowler
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Victor Davis Hanson
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Jack Fowler
We'Re back with the Victor Davis Hansen Show. Victor's website, the blade of Perseus VictorHansen.com is the address. $65 a year to subscribe. And you'll want to do that because twice a week Victor writes an exclusive article for the Blade of Perseus and once a week he does an exclusive video. Plus there's tons of free stuff there also including the archives of these podcasts. So do visit it, do check it out and if you just want to stick your toe in the water, it's only $6.50. And visit the Daily Signals, YouTube and other sites, its own website and you can find the links to Victor's Daily Signal. Daily videos for the Daily Signal. So Victor, let's start off talking about Katie Porter who got in the news these last few days because of an obnoxious interview she had. She was the obnoxious one in the interview with a reporter from California asking her questions. She is candidate for governor there and she does not like to be asked follow up questions. And when that happened other zoom recordings etc of her came out where she's just a, I mean a nasty piece of work and that's layered on top, on top of other news we have of her like her divorce from her husband that included hot potatoes and, and she's just seems to be a mess but she may be the next governor of California. I don't know your thoughts, Victor.
Victor Davis Hanson
You know, I was always taught that the way you treat your underlings, if that's even a bad word, your staff is a, is a reflection on your character. And one day, you know, I was in graduate school, I didn't know much. I mean I, I knew my mom, she was 40 years old. She, she had graduated from University of Pacific, she got another, she got a Stanford law degree. She's one of the first women to graduate. Then she came home and had four children. One passed away and she was on a little farm. They had very little money. People kind of made fun of her. With all this education she couldn't get a job as a court reporter. But then when she was 40, I think I was in second grade, she was in her mid, early 40s. She, they opened a state court of appeal and she was the research attorney. Fifteen years later she was second appear superior court judge in Fresno County. Then she became, I think either first or second female appellate court judge in California. And then she died tragically from a brain tumor at 66. But my point is once I was driving home from school and Fresno's on the way to Selma and I stopped in to see her unexpectedly and she was a newly appointed appellate court judge and she had like six, you know, you have six staffers or clerks and they were all young women and they were all going out to lunch with her. And anyway one of the judges came up to me and said I'd like to, we'd like to take. They were all male judges. The others, they were wonderful people too. They Democrat, Republican. In those days it didn't matter. They were wonderful old time jurists. They were very educated, sober. And one of them said, you know, your mom never wants to go out to, to lunch with us. Why don't you got to work on her? And I said why? She goes. Because she takes all of her, all of her staffer goes out with her. She's at home with all these young women that. And I said well maybe do they. Could they have gotten a job without her? And they said no, we admit that. But the point she always told me is never speak ill of your staff or your people who work for you or. And I, I did that with farming too. You know when I would, I'd all if I was at was 105 and there were people, you know, picking plums, I'd always bring out water. I'd say go home early. It's very important I think in a hierarchical society to treat people and then treat people who work for you with dignity. I, I know that I have three people work directly for me and I try not to. I never speak behind ill of them. I try to. Or one of my employees, Megan Ring was just voted the outstanding Hoover staffer of all of the staff.
Jack Fowler
Yeah, she's terrific.
Victor Davis Hanson
She is good for her. And I always say I wouldn't know where I was, I wouldn't. Megan calls me every morning and says these are the ones I did not schedule for. If you object, tell me these are the ones that I did schedule for you. And I said, megan, you know more about them than I do. And I think it's really important that you can judge somebody. When you see this woman, Porter, and she's doing that one video and that staffer just happens to come in the back, things like that happen all the time. And then she starts to use the F word about her own staffer and starts screaming at her and with this grimace on her face. And then she just corrects back to a happy face when she gets back on the camera. And then that reporter, the way she treated her, not the journalist, but it was just, it was so condescending. And she's just an obnoxious person. And the idea that she's now got a 40%, she's leading of all the candidates in this open primary or open race for Governor, she's got 40%, I cannot understand. Doesn't make any sense. I don't think she can win after that. I really don't. I think a lot of California people feel that why would you want a governor who treats people around her like that and would treat the people like that? And then somebody's going to say, you idiot, Victor. Look at Gavin Newsom. He cheated on his best friend's wife when he was in city government, and he can't finish a sentence without a pornographic word. He said he's going to punch people in the mouth that oppose him. He's going to beat, hit Trump in the mouth. He, he doesn't seem to be worried about the Palisades disaster that's not being rebuilt. He didn't seem to be. He blows up dams rather than builds them. So what do you expect? And so it's very important to treat people that work for you or work for, and I don't mean necessarily under, even underneath you, but with you, not to treat them that way. Yeah.
Jack Fowler
I worked for one of what many people consider one of the greatest Americans ever, a private citizen, Bill Buckley. And Bill was not a general and he was an elected official and he truly an important figure in not only recent American history, but all, all history. I worked from for 18 years. And Bill was a joyful look, he was a busy man, so, you know, action packed. But to work for someone great who treated you decently. And I've, and I've worked not for, but with people who kiss heinie that's above them and step on the head below him, and it's really, really it.
Victor Davis Hanson
Is, it's horrible to see someone like that. I worked for a lot when I was in high school. I worked for a lot of farms packet, you know, packers, three or four different one and packing sheds. I did all kinds of jobs and I met people who treated you fairly and people who treated you and it's imprinted on you. When I was a graduate student, you know, you were supposed to be TAs, not in charge of the whole class. And I was only 21 and I was assigned my second year when I was 22 to teach an intensive Greek language class. And I want mention the professor's name, I think I won't even mention the gender because that person is still around. But I was supposed to teach two classes a week and they were supposed to teach three. I was supposed to do all the homework. I wasn't supposed to, but she is he. She assigned me that. And then at one point the person had a medical issue and said I'm not going to be here for four weeks and we want you to teach every day, five days a week. I said okay, okay. But I was, you know, taking my comprehensive exams in languages. I think it was three weeks. Excuse me. So I said I will do that and then. But to do that and prepare at 22 to teach, you know, 20 Stanford students that are your age, basically some of them were 20 or 21. And then to correct, you know, 30 pages of composition in Greek is hard. So I was doing that and doing it and doing it and then she would he, she would check in on me. I was supposed to report the end of date. Well, I fell asleep at 8 o' clock at night once and I forgot that I didn't check in and say these are all the homework is done, I will be there at 8 to hand it back. This is what I covered in class. This is what I will. I hope that's okay with you. And then they were supposed to, I'm using they pronouns. They were supposed to sign off. But when I woke up I didn't look at the clock and it was 10:20pm and I called that number and I said professor and that they interrupted me and said what are you doing? You never ever call me. You understand that? I said I'm sorry, I didn't realize, I'm sorry. Did you call me after this hour? You never do that, Never. And so I said to myself I'm very sorry, I'm mistaken. So then the next day she came very, he came very happy, smiley, how's everything going? I, I just Never was the same. I just did the work. And then I had another professor at Stanford and I was supposed to teach a Roman history class and he had family issues, so I was supposed to. Basically he said this to me. I don't believe that a second year graduate student like you would be qualified to teach any of my classes. And it was in ancient history. I won't say Rome or Greek because he's still around and I don't think you're qualified. So I want you to sit in the back and not say a word and just listen to me. And if I ever miss a class, then you'll know something. And so I said, do I get credit for this or.
Jack Fowler
That's kind of a burden there.
Victor Davis Hanson
Yeah. He said, no, no, this, because you were required to do this three times, teach three classes, TA as part of your stipend, your, your scholarship. And so I went to the chairman, I said, he doesn't want me in there and he doesn't like me and I haven't said a word, I don't know him, but he wants me to sit there and watch. And then he wants me to correct all of his, you know, there were like 50 people all of his exams, he doesn't want to correct them. And he said, that's what you're going to do. So I did them first week, second week, third week. They were. Every two weeks they had to write a paper and then he would write. I thought they were very good. So I was writing comments and he said, I don't need you anymore at all because you're, you don't know how to grade, you don't know how to do anything. I wrote all his comments and so I, I think you should just leave. And he didn't say leave, he said, I think you should just stop grading. Which I was relieved and sit back and learn something. So I sat back because I was going to get credit for it. And then he had a family issue come up. I won't say which because it'll identify him if I do. And he was going to be gone for four weeks, just like the other professor. She. Three weeks, him, four weeks. So he calls me at night and he called me about 10 o' clock and he said, you're going to have to come in tomorrow. It was three days a week and you're going to have to teach Roman. I had no preparation at all and so I got all excited. I stayed up all night. It was on Hannibal and the Battle of Canine. So I got the class and I got Them all. I got out, everybody stood up, and I said, you guys are the Carthaginians and you were the Romans, and we're going to have a double encirclement. And then I had them kind of like Game and Thrones when you had the Battle of the Bastards. Well, that. Everybody went forward and we circled them. And then I said, stop. And then I went through the mechanics of Roman warfare and they kind of liked it. And then I did this all during. And I got. From the. I got all the way to the younger Gracchae. And then I got into Marius and. And Salah. And then this person came back and the students. I sat in the back and once somebody raised his hand said, thank you for having blank, Mr. Hansen. We really loved it. We got to. And they were basically saying, you were the most boring lecturer in the world. And I'm not kidding you. He called me in and said, you're done. Out.
Jack Fowler
Wow.
Victor Davis Hanson
Don't. Don't ever pull that again. And so I went to the chairman again. I said, now he's fired me. You know what he said? Good. You don't have to do it anymore. You get credit. And I said, are you worried that he just fired me for no reason? I was a graduate, so I didn't know anything. And that was the point I'm making. When I was there, they treated their people really badly. These professors did, like idiots. And there were a few exceptions. There's a wonderful guy named Mark Edwards. He. I had another advisor, and he said, I came home from Greece. I had a torn ureter. In Athens, another medical disaster. I almost died. I had a 9 millimeter staghorn calculus. I was in Corinth excavating. It tore completely through the ureter and leaked urine. I went to the Evangelismos Hospital, which is kind of like Dante's Inferno. And then I found a private. And I was in bed for eight weeks. And the doctor said to me, if you don't get home in 24 hours, you're going to lose your kidney and worse. So I had a wonderful professor who was there, Mary Kay Gammell. And she. She was my undergraduate and she was visiting the American School. And she said, I will go back to San Francisco and escort you. And she flew all the way back. My dad met me at the airport. He thought he was on his 41st bombing mission again. He had the car, the station wagon with a bed made it. And he said, we're gonna get to Fresno. I had a really high temperature. You're gonna be operated at 6. Got the surgeon ready. I said, well, what time? It says 4, 4. It's almost 43 45. And I said, dad, it's 200 miles. He said, it's not going to Kyoto or it's not going to co. We can make it. Yeah, he just drove like a 90 miles an hour. Just criticizing people who. But I got there, I checked in, they, they repaired it. And the point I'm making is when I got all done without, this person said, I want you to participate in this excavation, Stanford, and I want you to fly to Germany and I want you to pick up a Volkswagen bus at the factory, or I think it was in Munich maybe. And then I want you to drive it all the way to Greece and pick up the students at the airport. And then. And it was so complicated, you know, I was like 20, 23. And so I was home. So all I said was I just got home two days ago out of the hospital and I was in Greece. He thought I was still in Greece, maybe, I don't know. He left a message with my parents. I didn't really talk to him. He left the message. So I called him back and I said. He said, where are you? I couldn't find you. You weren't there. You weren't. I said, I'm in California. Why are you in California? You were supposed to be in Greece. I said, for what? You didn't tell me anything. I'm at the American School of Classical Studies. It's over with. And I, I came home. Well, here's what you're going to do. You're going to fly to Germany and you're going to do that. And I said, the doctors, my kid, I got a shunt in my kidney and I've been in the hospital two weeks. I can. I weigh 130 pounds. I was in the hospital in Greece for eight weeks. Six to eight weeks. I can't quite remember. My dad goes, who in the hell is that? Excuse the language. I said, that's this very important classicist. He said, you're not going anywhere. So I said, I. I can't go. And he hung up. He hung up. He didn't say anything. So then when I went back in the fall, I said, I had a project in my thesis and this person was one of the readers. And he said, you will take the thesis, you will put it in my box and you will get it each chapter. And I said, what do you mean? He said, there will be no discussion. You will put the thesis, one chapter in the Box. And you will pick up the chapter in the box a month later and you will do this for all of your chapters. And I did not discuss one thing on that thesis. Not one. You should do this, you should do that. And then I paid.
Jack Fowler
As payback.
Victor Davis Hanson
As payback. And he said, you. Wow. And. And then I couldn't get a job. Not that I would have got. I was a white male. So finally this guy said, just tell somebody you're working for a big ag corporation, you know. So I did. Kind of. In those days, you were not allowed to look at your record. So I said, I don't know what it was. West side Farms Incorporated or something. So the guy called me up and said, I don't know what, Victor, I don't know what the heck this thing. But I knew the guy. So he said, I'm gonna send it in the mail. So it came. And you wouldn't believe what the guy wrote. Very, very adept at languages, all of the. But impossible, you know, disruptive and all that stuff. And that was a kiss of death. And then I went for a job and a guy took me over and he said, with all due respect, I don't think you should think you're going to get a job with this letter. I couldn't figure out what was so. It was just so bad. It wasn't so bad. It was just. Nothing good in it. You know what I mean?
Jack Fowler
But you're. You're. You're giving us a view of. Not anecdote. This is. These are anecdotes. But this sounds more like this is somewhere approaching typical of. Of elite academia.
Victor Davis Hanson
It is. It is. And the whole thing was. And there was another guy there who was absolutely brilliant. I never met a guy more brilliant. He was an ex Green Beret and he'd been wounded in Vietnam. Lawrence Woodlock, he was a genius. He knew Greek. Like, I don't know how he did it, but he was outspoken. And when it came time to get a job, he was not going to get a job. They didn't like him. But he excelled in everything. He wasn't just. He was. He was one of the most gifted people I've ever met. And my mother was at that time, appellate court judge. And she met him and she just said he was brilliant. And she was on the board of overseers at Stanford Law School. She said, larry, you got to apply. And he did. She didn't. She didn't have to do anything. He had straight A's, he aced the sat, and he became a very Gifted lawyer. But he had no future because he didn't. He didn't. And that was what I remember about it about subordinates in the way you treat people. And those TAs, they treated people terribly and, and you never get over that.
Jack Fowler
So did you ever cross paths with the, the guy that wrote you the crappy recommendations after that?
Victor Davis Hanson
I have to be very careful what I say. He was one of the most famous classic in the United States. Let me just say that. That they not he or she. Yes. And you wouldn't believe what happened after I started publishing things he they called me up and said you have published with this very prestigious. It was something, I won't give the exact name but it was like Random House, Doubleday, Alfredo and I want my life story told and I'm going to write it and would you please arrange that for me. And it just happened that a very famous editor in New York was visiting the Bay Area to see a very famous writer. And she. They called me and said would you meet me? So I did. He heard about it and said can you bring that person over to dinner? I hadn't talked to a person 15. So I went over to dinner and then I said I then they had to go back to the airport and then he, they wanted to ride with me in the airport, didn't say one word to me and just said this, this, this. So yeah, I did have an experience that, that did not. They didn't publish his or her memoirs, but I did. The other weird thing about it was for the next 15 years he, he, she, they would call me and say I was farming full time for five years. But if you were they coming by, would you. And I annually pruned they their orchard in their yard. Oh my gosh, I did. And so my point is that one of the most important things for teachers or people who are working is treated the subordinate people with respect. Yeah, I worked for a construction company and the guy was very well known, very suave, very wealthy, very good friends of my parents. Probably why I got the job when I was in his office. And they, this person was sort of a Romeo and he gave me numbers where to find him all day. So somebody came in and said the payroll had not been approved. The payroll had not been approved. And there was these hard hats outside, right? And they were there on a Friday afternoon to get the payroll at the, at the center. So I was the only person there at Friday at 3 o' clock. And these were emergency rooms. So I called this number and this female answers and says, yes, he's here, so they are here. And then he unleashes you. Blank, blank, blank, blank, blank, blank, blank. And what were you supposed to do?
Jack Fowler
Get beaten up by.
Victor Davis Hanson
No, I had to go from Fresno and drive in my 1963 five, four, four, Volvo Bug with 80 horsepower, 50 miles down to the place where he's not there to get the signature, all the checks signed and bring them all the way back to Fresno and then be sworn out again. And then I'd see him and he'd said to me, well, when he. The next morning, Monday, he said, this isn't. This isn't Stanford. This is. This is the real world. And I hope you can take this, because this is. This is knockout drag out business. And I said, actually, it's very similar to what I found out at Stanford. You're treating me just like the professors did. And he didn't know what I meant. But ever since then, I. I try to be really. I try to be really fair to people who work for you. And I've never had a lot of people work for me, but on the farm or wherever it is, you have to treat working people with respect. I was walking the other day, and there was a guard at the retreat, and he came up to me. He was a Hispanic guy, about 60, and he had his name tag on. And he said, I listened to your podcast. He mentioned this, and he says, really good that you explain stuff for common people like me. And it just. Remember, just something came in my head that this guy needed to be told that he's not common.
Jack Fowler
Right? Absolutely.
Victor Davis Hanson
So I said, you're protecting people. You are not common. I remember what Trump said. Everybody criticized Trump. Remember when he was in the window and an Indian American couple came in and he said, they said, thank you. Thank you.
Jack Fowler
Oh, at the McDonald's?
Victor Davis Hanson
Yes, at the McDonald's. And they said, we're nobody. And he said, you're not nobody. You're something. Remember, Trump said that was a really iconic moment of the campaign.
Jack Fowler
It was.
Victor Davis Hanson
It really helped him. And it was sincere. It was.
Jack Fowler
It was absolutely. It was authentic. Yeah.
Victor Davis Hanson
And he did treat his employees well. So that's very important. I went off topic, but I really believe that. No, I hope that I always done that.
Jack Fowler
Well, that was, you know, we started off with Katie Porter, but this is. Again, I think it's a very important and wonderful. Of. Of all the podcasts we've done, this excursus was that you call it that on what it's like to work at a university is pretty informative.
Victor Davis Hanson
But then I don't want to leave with a bad impression and I can name the names. There was a guy named Ned Spofford who was the kindest, most gentle guy I've ever met. He was a Latin scholar. There was another guy who was a British Mark Edwards who would come up to me and he'd say, you don't fit up here because you're from a farm. I understand that. But you've got to be an adult. You've got to see that people would be suspicious of your back. And he was really a good guy. I really liked him. And so there were good people there, but they were in a minority, I think, as far as the way they treated people. And nothing is worse than an academic that that berates people and has errors and intellectual superior. They're not. As I said so many times on this, I've been in academia 50 years. I've also farmed, you know, full time five years, another 15 years, both. And I can tell you that the farmers that I know and survived and the people who run the 711 and who survived, they have so much more talent than academic.
Jack Fowler
Amen.
Victor Davis Hanson
You have to. It's unforgiving world. It's not tenure. And you know, nine months, three months off. Yeah.
Jack Fowler
Well, Victor, we're going to. Maybe we should stick with the elite slap down of the elite.
Victor Davis Hanson
And I like that topic.
Jack Fowler
Actually, I don't blame you. I think I love it and I think our listeners do too. We'll talk about that. We'll talk about Bari Weiss when we come back from these important messages.
Victor Davis Hanson
Right is still right, even if you stand by yourself.
Jack Fowler
Mr. Chief justice, may it please the court.
Victor Davis Hanson
This is Hans von Spakowski, host of.
Jack Fowler
The Case in Point podcast which looks at the hottest cases affecting politics, culture and everyone's daily lives.
Victor Davis Hanson
But we talk about them without confusing legal jargon.
Jack Fowler
And we have interesting guests like former House Speaker Newt Gingrich. And we end with reviews of classic.
Victor Davis Hanson
Hollywood movies relevant to the topic. Case in Point, the podcast available everywhere.
Jack Fowler
You won't want to miss. We're back with the Victor Davis Hansen show recording on Saturday, October 11th. This episode's up on Thursday the 16th. We're happy to be here at the Daily Signal. So Victor, here's a headline from the Brussels Signal, which is an English language news site started up about three or four years ago. It's pretty solid entity. Headline is the elites slink into the night, replaced by populists who represent the unhappy voters. And the first few paragraphs of the story is the victory of Czech populist leader Andrzej Babi. His Anno party a N O in Saturday's this a week ago election did more than confirm the populist trend throughout Europe. It's reaffirmed that this dramatic moment is actually a modern day peasants revolt. It doesn't matter what country one looks at or how economically developed that nation is. Parties that are in favor with the Brussels elite always win in cities and they're near in suburbs, while those denounced as extremists always prevail elsewhere. Victor, it seems like there are more of the elsewheres right now than there may be of the.
Victor Davis Hanson
Yeah, you're seeing it in the Netherlands, you're seeing it with Farage in Britain, you're seeing it with the musical chairs appointment of Prime Minister by Macron. In France, you're seeing it Czech, you're seeing it with Meloni in Italy. I don't know what's going to happen in Germany. I know the alternative for Deutschland has some outliers that may be neo Nazis, but they're not the main main party. And they have just completely demonized that group. And the more that they demonize it and outlawed and restricted, the more popular it's going to be. And there's three or four issues that resonate through Europe. I mean, Europe has 500 million people in, in the combined NATO EU countries and its GDP, if you look at all of them, is almost comparable to the United States. So they could have a huge military, they could do anything they want, but it's in a suicidal state. And there's three or four issues that's driving people crazy and they're similar to ours. One of them is Merkel. When Germany was the dynamo of the eu, she was the one that convinced them to open the borders and let in millions of people from the Middle east who had no intention of arriving and acculturating, assimilating, aggregating and integrating. They had no intention. And you have these unassimilated 10, 15, 16% of the population in places like Germany getting closer and other countries as well. Greece had a disastrous policy as well. It's recovering now from it. And then you had no defense budget, socialism, no defense budget, and hatred of the United States and envy of the United States. We don't like you, but you're supposed to defend us because we're morally superior to you. And that was destroyed. That paradigm Trump destroyed. Now it's his daddy at Colossus. And we want you to be here to protect us. And we'll try to help. The third big issue was this suicidal policy of green energy. Germany destroyed its economy by thinking that wind and solar were going to power what, coal, natural gas, hydro, all of that. And they destroyed their economy and it's going throughout Europe. They have plenty of natural gas to take one example, if they want to recover it, but not with these radical green crazy people. And the fourth, besides the immigration and besides the energy problem and besides the disarmament was the fertility rate. They had a new ethos that the upscale professional European was going to live in his nice high rise, take public transit, be a perfect little green person and be anti war and anti American and have a nice full socialist menu and never, never quite marry or marry in their 40s, but not have it's 1.4 fertility. And so when you combine that with, you know, it's going to be in about 30 years there's going to be 100 million Muslims in Europe. Of the 500, it's going to be up 20%. That's a. And that that fertility rate is about 4 of immigrants, most of whom came illegally. So it is going to be a disaster. And there are people now in Europe who are saying we're not going to let it happen.
Jack Fowler
Let me. Can I add five and six to that one? Is the. We've talked about recent podcasts, the oppression, suppression of free speech. Free speech and then the, the hatred of the cultures by the. We don'. Want you waving the flag of our nation in, in England. It's, it's.
Victor Davis Hanson
I can't believe that, you know, to go to sleep at night. I've had trouble sleeping. I've been reading first hand accounts of the Battle of Britain pilots in late summer 1940 and maybe up to January, my gosh, they were the bravest people in the world. They fought the bf109s and they saved Britain. And they just these stories that they just would fly up with their. A lot of them had Hurricanes which couldn't match the BF109s, but some of them had early model Spitfires that almost could. Later they would be superior to any German fighter. But at that point they were being shot down, they would bail out, they would hitch a ride, they'd go back to their airfield, they'd climb into another plane, they'd go up, they get shot down, they'd be wounded, they'd be burned. They saved Britain. And the idea that millions of people have come into Britain and don't care about what they did and they kept that country alive. They have no respect for their traditions. Or no wonder people are angry.
Jack Fowler
The Britons who hate Britain, it's not only the immigrants, but it's the elite lefties there who also seem to despise their own.
Victor Davis Hanson
That's why I get really angry when I hear Ilyan Omar here. She comes in with immigration, basically alleged immigration fraud to get into this country. Then she says when she got here, she was surprised how dirty it was. Then she says that she goes into her anti Israel rants, it's the Benjamin babies. And then she says that we have more dictatorship here than in Somalia. And I'm thinking, wow, Victor Hanson went all the way. No, he wasn't bothering anybody. He was just farming in Kingsburg, California. Was only 21 years. He was. He got a scholarship. Nobody in his family had been to college. He goes up to University Pacific. And then he. He's in the Marine Corps and he's on Okinawa. And he fights tooth and nail, hand to hand about these people who bombed us at Pearl Harbor. And then the last day, the last hour of the battle, he gets killed. And for what? For all. For this country. And you come over here and then you say that this country is dirty and a dictatorship. How dare you do that? You had nothing to do with the creation of this country. You came over here because this country offers you more security, more prosperity than any other country in the world. And I get so tired. We're always told properly so that a naturalized immigrant has the same claim on America as a nativist born many generations. Yes, that's true. But we ask in exchange a simple. A simple requisite. If you come over here and you come across the border, do it legally, but more importantly, have some sense of gratitude that you made that decision. We didn't. You said, I want to come into your place because I don't like my place. Whatever. Don't like means I'm in danger, I'm poor, whatever. When I come over to your place, I made a decision that it had attractions that I didn't have. Therefore, I will not trash your place and I will respect the people who made that an enviable place for me to come to. And that means the people who fought in the Revolutionary War, the Civil war, World War I, World War II, Korea, Vietnam. I really praised all those people that created this country that I could immigrate to. But we've lost completely that. It's just nobody asked even a modicum of gratitude, which, you know, is one of the really, the chief sign of an ethical person is to degree they show gratitude. But boy, they didn't. And I gets people so angry.
Jack Fowler
If I can continue on the suicide of the west theme in Europe, and then we will get to Barry Weiss in another topic or two. But this has to do with, you know, England culturally circling the drain. Here's a headline from the Daily Mail. Sacrilegious graffiti exhibition makes Canterbury Cathedral look like an underground car park in Peckham, say appalled worshippers in the first few lines from the story. A new graffiti exhibition at Canterbury Cathedral has been described as sacrilegious, with one saying it makes the historic church look like an underground park car park in Peckham. The art installation which is titled Hear Us allows people to pose questions to God. And they are then plastered on pillars, walls and floors around the ancient building in Kent. And while some have reported their intrigue, many worshipers have taken offense at encountering the artworks. Victor, this is one of the most historic cathedrals in the world. It's where Thomas Becket was murdered over a millennium ago. It was one of the subjects of an attempted British, excuse me, German blitzkrieg raid because it was such a symbol. It is the seat for the Anglican religion there and to be desecrated in this way. And if I may just add, the new Archbishop of Canterbury is some lefty pro abortion woman and the new Archbishop of Wales. I hate to, sorry to trash on the Anglicans here, but is a open left wing lesbian and this is the official Church of England. And it's just madness, it seems.
Victor Davis Hanson
Yeah, it is. You can see what the Roman warning about affluence and leisure does because I think most of the Anglican branches, diocese in Africa are not like that because they understand what real poverty is and what real freedom can be. But in the west, we're not decadent because we're too poor or we're work too hard. We're decadent because we're too wealthy and we're too leisured. And if you just said to the people I was reading this last night, if I just tore out a page, all these people are dead. This public book was published a little while ago. They were in their 90s. And I said to one of the pilots who rammed his Supermarine Spitfire and took off her wing of a bf109 so they would be able to get to the bombers and stop the fire raid, If I said to him, in 80 years, this majestic, iconic church that you're trying to save so it won't be bombed or hurt, the hierarchy of the Anglican Church is going to invite people to come in and put graffiti all through it. And they're going to call them as I think one was reported, that they wanted the voices of marginalized people. They wouldn't believe that. They would say that is horrific, that's gothic. Why are you saying that? That's not, that's not why I'm dying tomorrow for, and I hope it wasn't for that there's going to be saner voices. But can you imagine if there was a presidium or a colloquium of all the major heads of the religions, mostly Catholic, Protestant, Anglican and let's say now Islamic. And the Archbishop of Canterbury, he would say the following. We have this great idea and we're inviting marginalized people to come in and write graffiti all over our sacred halls of our cathedrals. And we would like you, master Imam to do the same with your mosque. We would like you have poor people, we're asking as non people of color to have people of color as marginal. That's what they use the term, marginalized people. So we would like you as a person of color supposedly to bring in marginalized poor white people to come in and, and write graffiti all in the inside of the mosque as a way of, you know, ecumenicalism. What do you think would happen?
Jack Fowler
It would be slit throats.
Victor Davis Hanson
And isn't that a commentary that the Imam would have enough sense to say not in my life am I going to let anybody come into this house of worship and desecrate it. And yet the so called liberal west, that supposedly the dynamo of world global culture can't even make that simple assessment. We're not going to do that. We're not going to do that to all these prior generations who built this cathedral, preserved it, fought for it. It's sickening. It really is. That's one reason that Farage is outpolling the combined labor and Tories.
Jack Fowler
I, I am, I have been a fan of his for, for years. I, somebody sent me, I met him.
Victor Davis Hanson
On one of your cruises, I think.
Jack Fowler
No, no, no, that was, that was Dan Hannon. You must have met him somewhere else.
Victor Davis Hanson
Where did I met him somewhere else? He was smoking in the restroom.
Jack Fowler
I remember he, he came to NR a couple times and I had him at lunch once and I, someone was sending me videos of him when he was in the European Parliament. And I'm not taking, there's no credit to here but I, I, I was one of the first people start giving him attention in the US. I would post these, these YouTube videos of him on national reviews website. He was fearless and he still is, and he's come and gone, but he's the man that's going to bring.
Victor Davis Hanson
If you think about it, we don't want to say this because Trump is supposedly the left can't stomach it, but when you look at Trump in his blue suit at the funeral services and you see that everybody was attacking, you look around, there are other people had blue suits on. And then you see the way when after he was newly inaugurated, we quoted that line from Julius Caesar, Shakespeare's play about a colossus that strode over the lesser folk. And the way that people rushed him at Notre Dame Cathedral. And then you think of the head of NATO called him daddy. And then you think of the Alaskan summit with all these European leaders. He's had enormous influence and he, I think a lot of people are looking at the United States and they're thinking, oh, he's so horrible, he's a native. Wow. They don't have an illegal immigration problem anymore, right? Wow. And then they're looking at the energy and think, wow, they're the world's largest oil and natural gas and nuclear power producer and fourth in the world in coal and they're going to ship us liquid liquefied natural gas. And then they look at the military and they said, wow, he's got people now. Pete Hecseth reported the other day that all of the recruitment targets have been met that we were told would never. So I think they look at that and they think not just, you know, he's a crass, everything he said he's done and it's working. And if we were to have a military that would emulate the American model in the sense of recruitment and if we could produce our own energy and we could, and if we could control our borders, then life would be much better for Europeans. And I think he, that's one reason why these so called populist nationalist party are gaining confidence because they look at the United States, they said it's working in the United States.
Jack Fowler
Victor, I put this off a little bit, but Barry Weiss, who you've dealt with that, the Free Press, I've dealt with her a lot.
Victor Davis Hanson
Yeah, I've had good, I mean, I've written I think three or four contract pieces for the Free Press mostly in response, she's asked me, among other historians, she's asked it to reply to Daryl Cooper's denigration of the American allied effort, Churchill's a terrorist. And then also I think it was David Cullum, the professor that on Tucker said that he Thought it might have been wiser to ally with Germany than Soviet Union.
Jack Fowler
Did you debate Neil Ferguson there also at the Free Press? Did you?
Victor Davis Hanson
Yes, I, she had Neil participate and then I just did another video that will be coming out next week with Stephen Kotkin, the Russian historian and colleague. His office right next to my who's who's finishing the third volume of his Stalin by a brilliant biographer. And then Neil Ferguson, I've known a long time and this was Peter Robinson's uncommon knowledge. And we debated the Trump phenomenon and what would you rate him? And it was very funny because they said what are you going to rate him? And Stephen Cochran said, well, it's too early. I can't yet. And then I said, well, we don't know a lot about this first term, but I'll give him at least a seven. And then Peter said, well, you're a big Trump guy. Why didn't you give him more? I said because of the physicality. I don't know what's going to happen with the budget deficit. I'm worried about that spending. But, and then Neil, who had been critical, said, oh my gosh, he deserves at least an 8.
Jack Fowler
So was he breaking your chops or was he serious?
Victor Davis Hanson
No, he was serious and he gave a very eloquent wow exegesis why he's come to really appreciate Trump.
Jack Fowler
Maybe his, maybe his wife has some influence.
Victor Davis Hanson
She's, she's wonderful. It was very, it was kind of a fiery, everybody was a motive and it was, it's going to be really good. I think it'll be a big, very popular. Yeah.
Jack Fowler
Okay. So Barry Weiss though, she's taken over CBS News now. Should we care in one level because does anyone watch CBS News anymore? I don't know. But the fact that she has, I think it's a terrific thing. And, and who, who heard of Barry Weiss in conservative circles four or five years ago? But what, what a difference.
Victor Davis Hanson
It's one of these comeuppance. It's kind of like the Donald Trump return from what they did to him and they fired or they made it impossible for her to write as a columnist. She was a columnist at the New York Times and every time she tried to write something that was balanced about Israel, they, they just demonized her. And she was an old fashioned liberal Democrat. So then she broke off and she was very entrepreneurial and she started the Free Press subs, kind of a substack type thing. And it took off. And I guess David Ellison, Larry Ellison's son, Larry Ellison is sometimes the wealthiest man in the world, but mostly the second wealthiest, probably 3 or $400 billion. And he, they bought Paramount now and they bought CBS. The Ellis, David the younger, the son. And he's hired her to run cbs. And they are angry and she has no experience. She has the weirdest thing about the whole thing. They keep bringing out Dan Rather and he's like at 88 or something and he, he's all upset. He's so angry. And I thought, wow, you tried to throw the 2004 election. You tried to throw it by lying with this fake memo that you bought hook, line and sinker. And all you could say at the end was fake but accurate. Fake but accurate. You knew it was fake because Microsoft Word processing didn't even exist at the time. You said it was written and it was on an Ms. Document. And then they said, well, it could have been copied. No, no, it was passed off as authentic. So. And then he's weighing in on Barry Weiss. I can't believe it. She has no experience. While she doesn't have one experience. She's not a proven liar. How's that? And he's not an election interferer. How's that? So he ruined his reputation. He's kind of a James Comey figure that was iconic. He was impressive. Everybody in the liberal community loved him. And then they saw the other side of the One Eyed Jack and they, their hubris earned them nemesis. They blew up their careers, they're humiliated and then they go to social media to trash everybody as if by trashing other people they will regain their feedings. It's not going to happen, Dan. It's not going to happen. Jim, call me.
Jack Fowler
Well, that was 20 years ago and he still has no shame. Like many people. There's no sense of shame. And, and he should have just, he helped us into the wilderness.
Victor Davis Hanson
Yeah, I wonder what Joe Rogan has. What 70 million people that listen to a broadcast. I don't know if it's just single book, but I mean, I think CBS is. Some nights, if Fox has a good night, they approximate the CBS news audience. Not often, but sometimes they do. And that's kind of a stinging damnation because you have to pay to see Fox. CBS is free. And yet people would rather pay to watch Fox than cbs. And this is. They always bring out Edward R. Murrow and Walter Cronkite, the legacy. These. Yeah, they were liberals. Yes. And they, but they, but they were brighter, they were better people than this next crew. They didn't try to hijack debates, you know, the 64 debate, 60, 60 debate between Nixon and Kennedy was not hijacked like we saw later as CNN and all these people do, Candy Crawley and David Muir, they just don't do that any. They don't fact check one side and they didn't do that. John Chancellor, Huntley Brinkley, Howard K. Smith, they were all from a different generation. They were made. Except for maybe Howard K. Smith. They were all center left. But they had a code that was superior to this bunch today that ruined their brand. They really did. If you think about it, think of all the people who were fired in this group of newscasters, Dan Rather and the, you know, the famous person who faked all of his stories. And he.
Jack Fowler
Remember Brian Williams.
Victor Davis Hanson
Brian Williams, he was an iconic anchorman. And then Peter from abc. Yes. Peter Jennings didn't end up well. These were all the people we were told that were the new left. And they were all, they, they've destroyed their brand. They did to, to network news what Jimmy Fallon and the rest of them, you know, Colbert have done to late night talk shows. They destroyed it. And there's people taking their place. There's always an audience out there. So the idea, the idea that Joe Rogan with the baseball cap, shaved head has more audience than ABC, NBC and CBS, NPR together, and probably what, a staff of maybe eight or 10 people rather than hundreds or thousands. That's what drives me crazy.
Jack Fowler
You see, your friend Gavin Newsom is desperately trying to get on Joe Rogan's show.
Victor Davis Hanson
Yeah, Joe Rogan, just offhandedly, it was no big thing with him, just said, why would a guy who had destroyed his city and then took that mode of destruction statewide think he wanted to be present? Because he would just, basically he was saying he would continue in the progression and do to America what he did to California. He did to California what he did to San Francisco. And then he got, and then now Gavin thinks that by swearing at him and using profanity that he's going to get on to that show.
Jack Fowler
Yeah.
Victor Davis Hanson
And if we got onto the show, he's going to have a bunch of talking points. He's going to try to, you know. No, I, you know, there's so many people that write, Michael Schoenberger, Ed Ring, all these people, Joel Kotkin, they all bring data to this argument. And every time they write a column, it's not hysterics or hyperbole, it's just damning about Gavin Newsom. You know, they just again and again, highest poverty rate in the nation, 21%. I think it is three out of one out of three people in the United States on public California. Largest number of illegal aliens. Biggest medical bailout, 40% of the whole population on Medi Cal, 50% of all the births on Medi Cal. Last 10% on most test scores of the public school system. Highest energy cost electricity in the continental United States. Highest gas prices in the continental, highest gas taxes, highest income tax. And what do you get? It's just damning. And I don't know how he can even run. It's just so baffling.
Jack Fowler
Did you see the latest thing that he has approved? A new state agency to administer restitution for the descendants.
Victor Davis Hanson
I don't understand that. There's 41 million people in California and there's about 2.5 million blacks, about 5%, 5.5% of the population. And this was a free state. So if you wanted to give reparations 100, what, 60 years after, so after the Civil War, then you would have to do the following. You would have to say, first of all, California was a free state that had never any slavery whatsoever. It was not part of the Confederacy. It was a loyal Union state, number one. Number two, we don't know. We don't have the genealogical ability to know how many blacks came from Jamaica, Haiti, Africa. We don't. Or they were living in the north at the time, or their families were neglected. We don't know how many suffered under slavery. Number three, we in a multiracial society have to decide who is black. Okay, so Barack Obama is black because he's half black. How about somebody who's a quarter black? How about somebody's in eighth grade? How about somebody, as we use that old Confederacy one, drop wool for people who claim they're in a very rich Indian tribe, they try to get in, they say, I have a 160 16th. Elizabeth Warren tried it with 0.01% of 1.
Jack Fowler
1024Th.
Victor Davis Hanson
Yeah, 1. Great. I didn't know that. But that's what she got into Harvard with. She was her first Native American. So what you're basically saying is we can't really define because if we were to put it on record what constitute your membership in a particular race, they'd say we're racist because actually we are racist. And then we have to find out how many people can trace their. Their legacy, their heritage back to being in California where they suffered racism from this. And we have to make the argument that California was sort of wink and nod for slavery when it was. It's imperposterous. And then we have to make the fourth argument. Oh, we're so rich, we, we have no deficit. We're not, we don't owe. We just got out of a $77 billion now I think it's going to be 20 billion. We have all this money to throw around. You know, we have Pacific Palisades fire, nothing's been rebuilt. Basically people have no money. The insurance companies didn't fully pay. The city is basically holding up permits because they want low density, you know, I mean high density home. No low density. Basically they want to take Palisades and make it into a subsidize for the underprivileged.
Jack Fowler
Affordable housing.
Victor Davis Hanson
Yes, affordable housing will have their mass transit and their big, they'll go Back to the 1950s Chicago type sky rises. And that has a good record of housing, doesn't it? So he could, all of that stuff, you would think, you know, are you going to lower gas price? Are you going to get more refineries here? Are you going to get people back to the state by having sensible property tax, sales tax, income tax rates? Are you going to solve the half the nation's almost homeless people that have destroyed San Francisco and Los Angeles? Are you going to finally make i5 three lanes in each direction? Are you going to make the 99 three lanes all the way? Are you going to address these problems? No, no, no, no, no. We're going to talk about reparations for the descendants of slaves of witch. We don't know how many are there. We don't know what the particular gripe is if you have no connection with the African slave exploitation. But we're still going to give you money because we're wealthy and we feel guilty. I don't know. We're a multiracial society In California and 16% of the population I think is Asian and 45% is Hispanic and whites are about 43% of the population. Maybe I've got the math wrong, but what I'm trying to get at, they're going to be asking the Asian population and the Hispanic population which is a majority of the state and they're going to be saying to them we want tax money from you to give to this group minority. And you know what's going to happen? The Hispanics are going to say, well how about the Chuco riots and during World War II and how about Operation Wetback under Eisenhower and then the Asian community is going to say, well how about the Japanese internment which we've already paid operations once for? And how about the exclusionary laws and what did Leland Stanford say about Asians and the Union Pacific Railroad? So we could do this forever. And then maybe Jack the Irish can say well, we were treated very very bad. And there was an editorial, I think it was in the New York Tribune or Irish Human. Remember that famous thing that said that they're so small and they have monkey eyes and they have weird shit and they're leprechauns. It's true. They wrote that in the 19th century and then.
Jack Fowler
Yes.
Victor Davis Hanson
And then your other side was.
Jack Fowler
Yes.
Victor Davis Hanson
Terribly discriminated. Mafioso Sicilian. And we had. We tried to restrict that's what a majority population does to other popul the difference between America and other places. It's self correcting. Amen. Self correcting and allows dissent and to change.
Jack Fowler
We're gonna have to let that be the last word. Victor. We'll save the talk on Strategica for the for the next episode but you've been terrific. I love the history lesson of of what it's like to be a TA and dealing with arrogant professors. I'm sure there are 10 tens of thousands of TAs out there who've heard this and we high fiving you.
Victor Davis Hanson
I've had TAs and I had a TA when I was a visiting professor at stanford. I've had TAs that people help and never had a TA at Cal State Fresno but I had people work for me and I always thought I treated them with respect. Respect and dignity and equality. And I've had a couple of professors say, you know, you don't know how to handle employees. Every once in a while you have to put your boot on your on their neck so they know their subordinates.
Jack Fowler
No, no you don't.
Victor Davis Hanson
Wasn't a good employer.
Jack Fowler
Yeah, you were just, you were just pushover.
Victor Davis Hanson
Yeah. Yeah.
Jack Fowler
Well we at the end of these the shows we read the comments first. I just want to suggest again Victoria Victor's website the Blade of Perseus Victor Hansen.com do subscribe as for me I two things I write Civil Thoughts the free weekly email newsletter for the center for Civil Society. So check that out. Go to civil thoughts.com Sign up comes every Friday 14 recommended readings. You are going to like it, I know you are. And then also at the center for civil society go there.centercivil society.org check events and we have a big important America 250 celebration conference in Philadelphia November 5th 6th. If you're in the area please consider attending. So on YouTube I have a comment. I think it's Very reflective. What many people have been feeling the last few weeks of the Where's Victor? Where is he? Yeah. This is from Patty Beauchamp, 1203, who writes I like the other multitudes of fans have missed this podcast so much. I was checking constantly to see if a new podcast was available. Also was checking the Internet to see if there was any clue as to where is Victor. Thankful here you are back. So thankful.
Victor Davis Hanson
You know, it was, it was kind of strange very quickly, Jack, because it's not, we discovered and I, I, somebody said, well, you're a podcaster. Don't you have. No, it's very difficult to leave one platform and then to go to another one and then to have the access to the ad and the, the platforms, I guess you call them the subscribers.
Jack Fowler
Yeah.
Victor Davis Hanson
Keys. So it was a very, it was a labyrinth. It was very hard to do that. And it took a week and a half or is it two months while.
Jack Fowler
You'Re having some medical. Yes.
Victor Davis Hanson
And why I think I had MRI, PT, all these scans, I think 90 blood tests and I didn't, there were some problems. I didn't feel that well. So the point I'm making is that I, we tried our best, but we apologize and I think you'll give us a second chance. Amen.
Jack Fowler
Well, Vicky, you've been terrific. Thanks. Thanks folks for watching. Thanks for listening. We'll be back soon with another episode of the Victor Davis Hansen Show. Bye bye.
Victor Davis Hanson
Thank you very much everybody for listening and watching. Thank you for tuning in to the Daily Signal. Please like share and subscribe to be notified for more content like this. You can also check out my own website@victorhansen.com and subscribe for exclusive features in addition.
Victor Davis Hanson: The West Commits Suicide as Katie Porter Fails Management 101
Victor Davis Hanson: In His Own Words, The Daily Signal
Date: October 16, 2025 | Host: Jack Fowler | Guest: Victor Davis Hanson
In this episode, Victor Davis Hanson, author, historian, and classicist, shares incisive commentary on recent political and cultural trends, especially those signaling the decline of Western institutions and leadership. The discussion ranges from the candidacy of California's Katie Porter and the culture of academia, to the apparent “suicide” of the West as seen in Europe’s political turmoil, and controversies within religious and media institutions. Hanson’s reflections are rich with historical perspective and personal anecdotes, providing context for today’s cultural battles.
[Timestamps 04:03–10:33]
[10:33–29:29]
[32:46–36:52]
[36:52–41:03]
[41:03–46:09]
[46:54–48:53]
[48:53–55:46]
[56:39–63:52]
[63:52–65:11]
| Segment | Topics | Timestamp | |---------|--------|-----------| | 1 | Katie Porter’s behavior & leadership | 04:03–10:33 | | 2 | Culture of academia/personal anecdotes | 10:33–29:29 | | 3 | Populism in Europe/suicidal West | 32:46–36:52 | | 4 | Suppression of free speech, cultural identity | 36:52–41:03 | | 5 | Canterbury Cathedral/graffiti exhibition | 41:03–46:09 | | 6 | Trump’s model & populist confidence | 46:54–48:53 | | 7 | Barry Weiss at CBS, media crises | 48:53–55:46 | | 8 | California issues, reparations | 56:39–63:52 | | 9 | Final reflections on leadership | 63:52–65:11 |
This summary is based on Victor Davis Hanson’s remarks from the October 16, 2025 episode. All quotes are attributed to the speakers as indicated by timestamps.