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Guy Raz
Grown Ups Wondery subscribers can listen to wow in the world early and ad free right now. Join Wondery in the Wondery app or Wondery Kids plus on Apple Podcasts.
Dennis
Hello, wowzers. It's me, Dennis. And before we start the show this month for our new members, you can have Reggie in your pocket. No, Rezi, not for real. You're too huge. You can't fit in pockets. I'm talking about our exclusive VIP new member T shirt. Grown Ups. For a limited time only, new members to the World Organization of wowzers can get this T shirt featuring Reggie. Yeah, Reggie. See, it's a red shirt with a shirt pocket and your little head is poking out so it looks like you're in the pocket. Every membership helps support our podcasts and Tinkercast mission to spread WOW to families and tourists, teachers around the world. That's right, Reggie. Our members also get birthday cards from Mindy and Guy, quarterly mailings from you, Reggie, and so much more. Grown Ups. For access to this t shirt, visit Tinkercast.com membership and sign up your Wowzer today. That's Tinkercast.com membership. That's it. Now let's get back to my show. I mean our show. I mean the show.
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Guy Raz
Adventure of magnificent proportion.
Uno (Language Learning Penguin)
I don't know what you've been told. We're in a golden age. So many discoveries that are jumping off the page.
Guy Raz
Mindy.
Mindy Thomas
Houston. Um, I think. Oh, yeah, this one.
Uno (Language Learning Penguin)
Congratulations, Mindy. You're on a five day language learning streak. Yes. How about another lesson with Uno?
Mindy Thomas
Why not? Ooh, that lesson's gonna have to wait for today. Someone's at the door.
Uno (Language Learning Penguin)
Ma. No. Do your lessons or Uno will get sad. What? Coming. Walk, Walk, Walk.
Mindy Thomas
Walk.
Uno (Language Learning Penguin)
Walk, Walk, Walk.
Mindy Thomas
Opening the door, Guy.
Uno (Language Learning Penguin)
Razzie.
Guy Raz
Hey, Mindy.
Mindy Thomas
Hey, what's going.
Guy Raz
Oh, not much. I was just wondering if you had any sugar I could borrow.
Mindy Thomas
Oh, sorry, Guy Raz. I used up all my sugar last week when I was rebaking my gingerbread laundry room.
Uno (Language Learning Penguin)
Uno. It's working.
Guy Raz
Uh huh.
Uno (Language Learning Penguin)
Ah, Mindy, come line with Uno.
Guy Raz
Uh, do you want to get that? Mindy, it sounds like you're getting a bunch of messages on your phone.
Uno (Language Learning Penguin)
Why aren't you doing your lessons, Mindy?
Mindy Thomas
No, these aren't messages. This is a new language learning app I downloaded.
Guy Raz
Oh, you're learning another language?
Mindy Thomas
Oh, yeah. I got this buddy who lives out in Congo in Africa, and I'm trying to learn his language so I can chat with him more easily.
Guy Raz
Wow, I love that idea, Mindy.
Mindy Thomas
Yeah, I know. Ah, but the only problem is this app is, like, super pushy.
Uno (Language Learning Penguin)
Does Mindy not like Uno?
Guy Raz
Oh, wait, who's Uno?
Mindy Thomas
Oh, Uno's the language learning penguin.
Guy Raz
The what?
Mindy Thomas
He's like the mascot. Sort of harasses you into learning the language.
Guy Raz
That sounds horrible.
Mindy Thomas
Horribly effective. I can already say, like, five different phrases.
Guy Raz
Oh, and which language? Lingala.
Mindy Thomas
No.
Guy Raz
French?
Mindy Thomas
Nope.
Guy Raz
Swahili? Uh, wait, so your friend is from Congo, but he doesn't speak Lingala? French or Swahili?
Mindy Thomas
Nope.
Guy Raz
Well, then which language are you actually learning, Mindy?
Uno (Language Learning Penguin)
Bonobo.
Guy Raz
Bonobo? I don't think I've heard of that one before.
Mindy Thomas
Oh, it's a beautiful language.
Guy Raz
Really? Can I hear some of it?
Mindy Thomas
Okay, well, you're putting me on the spot a little, but let's try this. This is how you say hello to someone who is far away from you in Bonobo. Beautiful, isn't it?
Guy Raz
It's something.
Mindy Thomas
And this is how you say, danger, Incoming snake in bonobo.
Uno (Language Learning Penguin)
Danger.
Mindy Thomas
And this is how you say, can I have some of those figs?
Guy Raz
Wait a minute. Mindy, is your friend who lives in Congo human?
Mindy Thomas
Yes, of course he is not human. Guy Raz. What kind of human talks like that?
Guy Raz
Well, then, what in the.
Uno (Language Learning Penguin)
He's an ape.
Guy Raz
An ape?
Uno (Language Learning Penguin)
Yeah, an ape.
Mindy Thomas
Specifically, a bonobo ape.
Guy Raz
Mindy, I thought you were learning an actual language, not just some ape shrieking sounds.
Mindy Thomas
It's not just a collection of shrieks, Guy Raz. It's a true blue bonafide classified verified certified language.
Guy Raz
It is?
Uno (Language Learning Penguin)
Yeah.
Mindy Thomas
According to researchers at the University of Zurich in Switzerland, it is. It's time for a lesson and my language learning app. You know, I'm just gonna turn off the notifications, I think.
Guy Raz
Wait, you're saying real life scientists have discovered a new ape language you know it, Guy Raz. Okay, I'm confused.
Mindy Thomas
Okay, here, I think it's best if I show you. So what do you say we just head on over to Congo and. And see how far my bonobo language skills can get me?
Guy Raz
You want to travel to Sub Saharan Africa now? I don't know, Mindy.
Mindy Thomas
I mean, Guy Raz, don't you always say the best way to learn a new language is to dive in and just start speaking with the locals?
Guy Raz
Well, I guess that's true.
Uno (Language Learning Penguin)
So come along.
Mindy Thomas
Maybe you'll pick up a little bonobo too, while you're at it. Well, anything for science.
Guy Raz
Okay, Anything for science, Mindy.
Mindy Thomas
Booyah. All right, let me just give Reggie a call here. Hey, Reg, what are you up to right now? Okay, well, that bird bath's gonna have to wait. Yeah, Guy Raz and I need a lift to Congo. Yeah, as in Africa?
Uno (Language Learning Penguin)
Uh huh.
Mindy Thomas
Okay, great.
Uno (Language Learning Penguin)
See you soon.
Mindy Thomas
Reggie will be here to pick us up in a minute.
Guy Raz
So, Mindy, I don't understand. Don't almost all animals use some sort of sound to communicate with one another?
Mindy Thomas
I mean, yeah, birds use calls to attract maids. Whales use songs to navigate and find their way around. Even frogs use their ribbons to warn other frogs not to mess with them.
Guy Raz
Okay, so how come that language app of yours doesn't offer language learning courses in bird or whale or frog?
Mindy Thomas
Because there's a difference between plain old animal communication and language.
Guy Raz
You mean there's a difference between a bird song and the kind of shrieks that the bonobo makes?
Mindy Thomas
Oh, yeah.
Uno (Language Learning Penguin)
Ooh.
Mindy Thomas
Reggie, that was quick.
Guy Raz
Mindy, did Reggie just smash through your living room wall?
Mindy Thomas
Well, yeah. How else was he gonna get inside? Have you seen his wingspan? Well, anywho, you ready to go, Reg? Great. All right. Come on, Guy Raz, let's hop on, Reggie. We got some bonobos to meet. Here, I'll pull you up.
Guy Raz
All right.
Mindy Thomas
Uh, welcome to Reggie Airlines. The temperature outside is a balmy 76 degrees Fahrenheit. And this will be one non stop flight to the Congo basin taking anywhere from two minutes to 15 hours. And in case of emergency, remember to put your head between your legs and kiss your bottom goodbye, Mindy. Okay, Reg, I think we're read.
Guy Raz
Wait, Mindy, shouldn't we take off from outside rather than from inside your living room?
Mindy Thomas
I mean, I don't see the point. We've already got a hole in the wall.
Guy Raz
I guess.
Mindy Thomas
Now hold on tight, cause here we go.
Guy Raz
Ow.
Mindy Thomas
Oops, sorry.
Guy Raz
So, Mindy, explain to me, what is the difference between animal communication and language.
Mindy Thomas
Oh, that's a good question, Guy Raz. So why don't I answer your question with another question?
Dennis
Oh, okay.
Mindy Thomas
Do you want chicken or fish for your in flight meal today, Mindy? Okay, fine. The difference between simple animal communication and language is the ability to string different words together to create new meaning.
Uno (Language Learning Penguin)
What do you mean?
Mindy Thomas
Well, when an animal makes a sound, it typically means just one thing.
Guy Raz
Oh, right. Like an animal might have a warning call that means incoming leopard and then a completely different one that means incoming human.
Mindy Thomas
Exact oritos. But us humans, with our language, we're able to string words together in ways that combine their individual meanings into a whole new meaning.
Guy Raz
Like if I said something like, I am a bad dancer. Well, that doesn't mean I'm saying I'm a bad person who also happens to dance instead. What I'm saying is I don't dance that well.
Uno (Language Learning Penguin)
Exactly.
Mindy Thomas
Bad and dancer by themselves mean something individually, but when we put those words together, they mean something new. And scientists actually have a word for this. It's called compositionality. And it's what separates normal animal communication from language.
Guy Raz
Okay, so these scientists from the University of Zurich who have been studying these bonobos, they think that they've discovered them using compositionality. Like combining two different words to make something new.
Mindy Thomas
Yeah, and it's not the first time scientists have discovered this in apes.
Guy Raz
Really?
Mindy Thomas
Yeah, but I can't tell you about that right now.
Guy Raz
Why not?
Mindy Thomas
Because we're here.
Uno (Language Learning Penguin)
Reggie, you can land now.
Mindy Thomas
Bird, please prepare the cabin for landing. And you might want to hold on tight to something. Guy Raz, Looks like we're going to be landing somewhere in the dense rainforest.
Guy Raz
What does that mean?
Mindy Thomas
Just keep your mouth shut. Guy Raz keeps the leaves out.
Guy Raz
What?
Mindy Thomas
And thank you for flying with us here at Reggie Airlines, the friendliest pigeon based airline in the world.
Guy Raz
Mindy, my mouth is full of leaves.
Mindy Thomas
I told you you had to keep your mouth closed.
Guy Raz
Uh huh.
Mindy Thomas
Thanks for the ride, Reg. I'll call you when we're ready to get picked up.
Guy Raz
Mindy, is this rainforest we're standing in in the Congo Basin?
Mindy Thomas
Sure is. Guy Raz right in the center of the whole African continent.
Guy Raz
Right, but where exactly in the Congo basin are we, huh?
Mindy Thomas
You know what, I'm not exactly sure.
Guy Raz
Well, if you don't know where we are, then how are we gonna find your bonobo friend, huh?
Mindy Thomas
Good question. Uh oh, I know what. I have his address.
Guy Raz
You have his address?
Mindy Thomas
Yeah, he texted it to me a few months ago after talking on the phone. Let me just check our ch. Okay, That's a photo of a fig. Nope, that's a photo of another bonobo. That's a photo of a stick. He loves sticks. Oh, here we go. His address is the big green tree next to the large rock.
Guy Raz
Mindy, they're all big green trees.
Mindy Thomas
Yeah, and there are a lot of large rocks around here, too, huh?
Guy Raz
Yeah.
Mindy Thomas
Okay, Guy Raz, Guess we're gonna have to trust our guts on this one. And my gut is telling me it's this way.
Guy Raz
Are you sure, Mindy?
Mindy Thomas
Yes, of course. I'm not sure. Guy Raz.
Uno (Language Learning Penguin)
Come on, follow me.
Guy Raz
So, Mindy, you said that this wasn't the first time that scientists have discovered an ape language.
Mindy Thomas
Oh, yeah. Here, let me show you on my guy phone here. Um, opening the app.
Uno (Language Learning Penguin)
Mindy, where have you been?
Mindy Thomas
Yikes.
Uno (Language Learning Penguin)
Woo.
Mindy Thomas
Uno is really upset with me for not finishing that bonobo lesson earlier. Maybe just a quick lesson, Mindy. Right, right, right, right. Okay, Other ape languages. Okay, so if you go out into the main menu here, you can see that the language courses are divided into human languages and ape languages. So if we go into the ape languages section here, we see that they offer courses in bonobo and chimpanzee. Ooh, exact oritos, Guy Raz.
Guy Raz
They offer a language learning course in chimpanzee.
Mindy Thomas
Yeah, and it's based off of a scientific study by another scientist named Simon Townsend. And it's a really great story.
Guy Raz
Tell me more.
Uno (Language Learning Penguin)
Okay.
Mindy Thomas
Once upon a time, Dr. Townsend and his team spent years in the forests of Uganda studying the chimpanzee in its natural habitat.
Dennis
Dr. Townsend.
Uno (Language Learning Penguin)
Dr. Townsend.
Mindy Thomas
What is it, team?
Dennis
Over there, sir. It's a chimpanzee.
Mindy Thomas
What? What are you waiting for?
Guy Raz
Get the tape recorder and microphone out immediately.
Mindy Thomas
Eh?
Dennis
Why?
Mindy Thomas
Why? To capture and catalog all the sounds the chimpanzees make.
Guy Raz
What do you think we're doing out here?
Uno (Language Learning Penguin)
I thought we were camping and making.
Mindy Thomas
We're doing both.
Dennis
Okay, let me get the microphone.
Guy Raz
Here we go.
Dennis
And record.
Mindy Thomas
Over the course of the study, Dr. Townsend and his team recorded more than 330 hours of chimpanzee sounds as they went about their daily lives.
Guy Raz
Ooh, that was a new sound. Write that one down.
Dennis
Yes, sir, Dr. Townsend, sir.
Mindy Thomas
After a while, Townsend noticed that some of these calls were joined together into pairs. Oh, very interesting.
Guy Raz
Sort of like how we would join bad and dancer together in our language to make Bad dancer.
Mindy Thomas
Exactly. Except these chimpanzees were combining calls for. Hey, get over here. And watch out, snake to make something more along the lines of, hey, can you get over here and help me deal with this snake?
Uno (Language Learning Penguin)
Huh?
Mindy Thomas
And in the end, Dr. Townsend and his team of scientists were able to identify 15 individual call pairings.
Guy Raz
Whoa. So chimpanzees have their own language, too?
Mindy Thomas
Yeah, well, when Dr. Townsend's findings first came out in 2023, people thought he was bonkerballs. But now that these researchers from Zurich have found bonobos doing the same thing with their calls, seems a whole lot more likely that some ape species are actually developing languages.
Guy Raz
Because both the chimpanzees and the bonobos were using compositionality, where they used two different words to make a new word with a whole new meaning.
Mindy Thomas
Exact oritos.
Uno (Language Learning Penguin)
Mindy, do your lesson or una will poo poo in your sock drawer.
Guy Raz
Ugh. Gross.
Uno (Language Learning Penguin)
Whoops.
Mindy Thomas
Sorry, Guy Raz. I really need to do this lesson for today.
Uno (Language Learning Penguin)
Hey, hey, Mindy. Uno mischie. Aw. Can you say hey? I'm over here. Oh.
Mindy Thomas
Oh, I know this one.
Guy Raz
Mindy, I really don't think we have time for this right now.
Mindy Thomas
Wait, wait, wait. I know. It's on the table of my tongue. It's Mindy.
Uno (Language Learning Penguin)
Ah, that's it. It's. That is correct. Guy Raz.
Mindy Thomas
Did you hear that?
Guy Raz
I heard it, Mindy. It sounded like another bonobo responding to your call.
Mindy Thomas
Okay, okay, let me try it again. Uh.
Guy Raz
That'S probably your bonobo friend calling back. Mindy.
Mindy Thomas
Oh, this is so exciting. All right, follow me, Guy Raz, we've got a bonobo to meet. Run, run, run, run, run, run, run.
Uno (Language Learning Penguin)
Come on, this way.
Mindy Thomas
Guy Raz.
Guy Raz
I'm right behind you.
Uno (Language Learning Penguin)
Mindy.
Mindy Thomas
Look, Guy Raz. It's a big green tree.
Guy Raz
And there's a large rock.
Mindy Thomas
This must be my bonobo buddy's house. Guy Raz.
Uno (Language Learning Penguin)
Mindy, look, Bonobo. Hey, buddy, it's me, your friend, Mindy. Hi.
Guy Raz
So, Mindy, you really think you're able to talk with this bonobo?
Mindy Thomas
Well, I think so, Guy Raz. I mean, I have been putting in a whole lot of practice on that language learning app.
Guy Raz
Well, why don't you give it a try?
Mindy Thomas
Okay. Okay, I'm done.
Guy Raz
Wait, what?
Mindy Thomas
Well, that's all the bonobo I know.
Guy Raz
Uh, that's all the bonobo. You know, we came all this way for that?
Mindy Thomas
Well, yeah, I mean, the researchers from Zurich were only able to identify about four call pairings that seemed significant.
Guy Raz
So you only know how to say four things in bonobo?
Mindy Thomas
Yeah, but the researchers are hoping to add many more in the future.
Guy Raz
But for now.
Mindy Thomas
Well, for now, I've exhausted all my bonobo.
Uno (Language Learning Penguin)
Uh, Mindy, time for another lesson with Uno.
Mindy Thomas
Ooh, another lesson. Kairoz, you should try it.
Guy Raz
Okay, fine.
Uno (Language Learning Penguin)
Hookah Ross. Uno lips.
Guy Raz
Oh boy.
Mindy Thomas
Okay, now in this game, you have to match the bonobo's shriek with the picture that their shrieking is about. Uh huh. So what's tricky about this one is.
Uno (Language Learning Penguin)
Wow in the World. We'll be right back. Grown ups. This message is for you. That's it. Back to the show. Wow in the World.
Mindy Thomas
Hi, thanks for calling wow in the World. After the beep, get ready to record.
Listener Kids
Hi, Mindy and Guy Raz. My name is ren and I'm 8 years old. I live in Chicago, Illinois, and my wow in the world is that to successfully cook an egg on the sidewalk, the sidewalk needs to be 158 degrees Fahrenheit or 70 degrees Celsius. See it isn't that Funko Ball. Say hi to Grandma G Force.
Uno (Language Learning Penguin)
Yeah, Hot dog the sleigh cast.
Listener Kids
And tell Guy Raz that me and my mom listened to his show on npr. Bye. Hi, my name is Annalise and I live in Los Angeles, California, and I am 8 years old. And my wow in the world is that a tree could grow more than one type of fruit. Say hi to Thomas Ringer. Grandma Divorce.
Mindy Thomas
Oh, goody.
Listener Kids
Dennis. Status man. Hi, I'm Cody and hi, I'm Tommy and we are from Charlotte, North Carolina, usa. In America, a chocolate barn named Chicken.
Mindy Thomas
Dairy used to be sold.
Listener Kids
Hi, Mindy and Guy Raz. My name IS Ava, I'm 13 years old and I'm from Bowie, Maryland. My wow in the world is that dolphins can hold their breath underwater for eight to 10 minutes. Isn't that crazy? Say hi to Grandma G Force and Reggie for me.
Mindy Thomas
Oh, fine.
Listener Kids
Bye. Hi, my name is William and I'm from Peru and warm. Well, in my world is that when I was at Peru for the summer, I went to the Amazon rainforest and learned that capybaras are really good at surviving in the island rainforest. And they're nocturnal. Bye. Hi, Mindy and Guy Boss. My name is Amutila and I live in Naperville, Illinois. My wow is that when a dolphin sleeps, half of his brain stays awake. Isn't that bonkerballs? Say hello to Grandma D Force. That's nasty, Dennis.
Uno (Language Learning Penguin)
Yay.
Listener Kids
And Thomas Fingerling for me.
Mindy Thomas
Oh, what are you looking at all that?
Listener Kids
Thank you. Bye. Hi, my name is Benny and I am from Schoharie, New York. My wow in my world is that cats can hear ultrasonic noises. Isn't that crazy? Goodbye.
Mindy Thomas
End of messages Grown Ups if you like WOW in the World, you can listen early and ad free right now on Wondery.
Guy Raz
Join Wondery in the Wondery app or on Wondery Kids plus on Apple Podcasts prime members can listen ad free on Amazon Music.
Mindy Thomas
And before you go, tell us about yourself by filling out a short survey@wondery.com survey thanks for listening to this episode of wow in the World. If you're a kid with a big wow to share with us, call our WOW. Hotline at 1-888-7-WOW wow for a chance to be featured at the end of the show or an upcoming episode of 2 what's in a wow?
Guy Raz
And while you're at it, why don't you head over to Apple Podcasts and tell us what wows you about our show by leaving a review. You just might hear your reviewsy read by Dennis on WEWOW on the weekend.
Mindy Thomas
Oh and don't forget to Visit us@tinkercast.com and become a member of the World Organization of Wowzers. With that, you'll get year round mailings, weekly activities, birthday cards and more on.
Guy Raz
Tinkercast.com you can also shop our WOW. Shop, get tickets for upcoming live events, find our books and learn about all the other amazing podcasts from Tinkercast.
Mindy Thomas
Once again, that's Tinkercast.com wow in the.
Guy Raz
World is written by Mindy Thomas and Tom Van Kelken with contributions from Me Guy Raz.
Mindy Thomas
Original sound design and music editing is done by our senior Production Director Jed Anderson. You can also hear Jed Anderson in the voices of Dennis Thomas, Fingerling, Reggie and many of the other silly characters you hear on our show.
Guy Raz
Jessica Bode keeps our facts straight as our fact checker and Meredith Halpern Ranzer powers the WOW at Tinkercast.
Mindy Thomas
Our theme song was composed and performed by three time Grammy nominees the Pop Ups. Find them at thepopups.com Special thanks to.
Guy Raz
Our team including Kit Ballinger, Rebecca Caban, Dr. Natasha Crandall, Kenny Curtis, Kristin Yang, Thuy Mack, Erica Medina, Henry Moskal, Jody Nussbaum, Ali Paxima, Linda Rothenberg, Steph Sosa, Tyler Thole, Anna Zagorski and all of the other Tinkerers at Tinkercast hq Grown Ups.
Mindy Thomas
You can follow wow in the World on Facebook, Instagram and Twitter owintheworld and our email address is hello at the@tinkercast.com thanks for listening.
Guy Raz
Find episodes of wow in the World every Monday 2 what's in a wow every Friday, and we wow on the weekends with Dennis every Saturday and Sunday right here in the wow in the World podcast feed. Until then, keep on wowing.
Uno (Language Learning Penguin)
Wow in the World. Wow in the World. Wow in the World. Wow in the World. Wow in the World. Wow in the World was made by Tinkercast and sent to you by Wondery.
Podcast: Wow in the World
Hosts: Mindy Thomas & Guy Raz
Air Date: September 15, 2025
This playful episode of "Wow in the World" dives into how scientists have discovered that some great apes—including bonobos and chimpanzees—may use sophisticated communication systems with genuine elements of language. Mindy and Guy set off on a whimsical and scientific adventure to the Congo, blending humor, music, and imaginative scenarios as they explore the difference between simple animal communication and the building blocks of language, focusing on the fascinating concept of "compositionality" in primate calls.
This episode blends scientific discovery with whimsical antics to introduce listeners to the concept of compositionality in communication, both in humans and our primate relatives. With relatable explanations, funny fictional devices (like a naggy penguin language app), and memorable sound effects, kids and adults alike are left saying “Wow!” at the idea that apes may use rudimentary forms of language, offering new insights into how language could have evolved.
Takeaway:
Some apes, like bonobos and chimpanzees, may combine calls to create new meanings—bringing us a step closer to understanding not just how animals communicate, but how language itself might have started!
Find more Wow in the World episodes every Monday.