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Guy Raz
Grown Ups Wondery subscribers can listen to wow in the world early and ad free right now. Join Wondery in the Wondery app or Wondery Kids plus on Apple Podcasts.
Mindy
Hey Wowzer fams. Mindy here and before we start the show. Oh, sorry about that. I forgot to put it on silent. Hey, wait a second. It's an email from us. Check it out, Reg. Let's see here. It says we've got episode recommendations, free steps, activities to try out at home, the latest news about what's happening at Tinkercast. Pretty bonker balls, huh? Here, I'll help you sign up. So you and the grown ups will just go to tinkercast.comemail and put in your first and last names and email address. Wait, Reggie, I just realized I don't know your last name. Really? Is that with a silent G or a silent Q? Huh, who knew? Let's see here. Oh, and you're not a robot, right? Sorry, just had to double check. Ok, you are all signed up Grown Ups. You can sign up for our Tinkercast newsletter too. It's full of ideas on how to get some extra wow to your family's life. Visit tinkercast.comemail to sign up today. That's tinkercast.comemail. that's it. And now let's get on with the show.
Dennis
We wow on the weekend. We wow on the weekend. We wow on the weekend. Cause this is what we do on the weekend. Talking, laughing, me and Reggie singing, laughing. And then we. Oh wait, no, I said laughing twice. Whatever. We wow on the weekend. Yeah, we wow on the weekend. On the weekend. Cause this is what we do on the weekend. Hello and welcome to Wee Wow on the Weekend. I'm your host, Dennis. And that's Reggie, my co host. And a giant pigeon. Reggie, look. Mother made me pancakes with my name spelled out in chocolate chips. Yeah, they're Dennis cakes. Ah, Reggie. No, these are my Dennis cakes. Besides, you can't have chocolate chips. Those are bad for birds. Mother made your own Reggie cakes? Yeah, they're blueberries. Okay, let's move on to the Q and A segment. The Q and A segment. Alright, let's just get the old answering machine pulled up here. Okay, here we go. Hi, you've reached Dennis from We wow on the Weeknd. That's me. Do you have a question? Well, I do too. Lots of them. And who's gonna answer all my questions? You? Probably not. But I guess I can answer yours. Leave me a message. Hey Janice.
Mindy
So how do scents get concentrated into containers like perfumes and body sprays.
Dennis
Oh, wow, that's a great question. Because Reggie, think about it. Perfumes smell huge, but their bottles are teeny tiny. How'd they get that huge smell in that tiny bot? I obviously have no idea how they do it, but I have come across some wild perfumes. Yeah, like one time I tried a perfume that smelled like pizza. Yes, exactly like pizza. I could smell the cheese and the sauce and everything. How'd they get a whole pizza into a tiny bottle? And another time I smelled another one that smelled like dirt. No, there was no dirt in the bottle, Reggie. My thoughts exactly. Perfumes are a mystery. Next question.
Mindy
Hi, Dennis. My name's Matt and I was wondering, what does Baby Dennis think of skydiving?
Dennis
Wow, great question, Matt. What does Baby Dennis, my ventriloquist dummy that looks just like me, think of skydiving? Well, let's ask him. There we go. Hi Baby Dennis. Hi, Big Dennis. Hi, Reggie. Reggie, say hi to Baby Dennis. Tee hee. Okay, Baby Dennis, my friend Matt has a question for you. Oh. Matt wants to know what you think of skydiving. Oh, wow. I can dive into the sky like Reggie. No, no, no, no, no, no, no. Skydiving is where you dive out of the sky from a plane. What? Yeah, you fly up in the sky in an airplane and you jump out of it with a parachute. Ah, no thank you. You don't want to skydive. That sounds like sky falling. Yeah, I guess Baby Dennis does not like to skyfall. Next question.
Mindy
Hi, Dennis, I was wondering, do you want to hear a riddle?
Dennis
Oh boy, do I. Baby Dennis loves Riddler riddles.
Mindy
Okay, the riddle is, I am an ocean with no water. I am a forest with no trees. I am a desert with no sand. What am I?
Dennis
Oh, it's, it's, it's, it's. Oh, I know, it's. Oh wait, nevermind. Reggie, don't interrupt me. I'm thinking. It's a forest with no trees. It's gotta be a map. What? Baby Dennis thinks it's a map. Nuh. A desert with no sand. Yeah. Maps have desert and no sand. That can't be right. Reggie, play the answer.
Mindy
Hey, map.
Dennis
Ha ha, Big Dennis. Oh, whatever. Thanks for your calls, everyone. Yeah, thanks for your calls, everyone. If you've got a question for me, or me, call and leave us a message. The number is 1-888-7. I just might answer your question on Wee Wow on the weekend. Okay, bye Baby Dennis. Bye. Okay, now it's time for a little segment I like to call Inside Tinkercast Studios Inside Tinkercast Studios. This is the part where we revisit an episode of one of my favorite Tinkercast shows. And this weekend, we're revisiting episodes from the very first season of wow in the World. Lets see, today's episode is called Sharing Caring Chimpanzees. In this episode, Mindy and Guy talk about how humans learn to cooperate. Yeah, just like us, Reggie. You and me cooperate all the time. Okay, fine, let's do an example. Reggie, can you please hand me that piece of paper over there? No, Reggie, not that one. The other one. The one with my notes on it. Reggie, no, that's not a piece of paper. That's a dirty napkin. I know I said I'd throw the napkin away yesterday, but I forgot. Reggie, would you cooperate, please? You know what? This is a bad example. Let's just play the episode. Okay, here we go. And play.
Mindy
Wee. Wow will be right back. Grown ups, this message is for you. That's it. Now back to the show. But mom, it's not gonna be forever dangerous. Mom, they're my relatives. And actually, as a human, they are yours too. They are our clothes. Closest relatives here on Earth. I'm not making this up, Lonely mom. They know how to give hugs and kisses just like a real family. We have a. But I promise you, we have a lot in common. I mean, we both like the outdoors, we both like bananas, and we both don't have tails. Oh, I gotta call you back. Guy Raz just walked in. No, he's not wearing the flamingo suit. We don't talk about it anymore. I know you thought it was adorable. I gotta go. I love you.
Dennis
Bye, Mom.
Guy Raz
Uh, hey, Mindy. What are you doing over there?
Mindy
Hey, Guy Raz. I was just on the phone with my mom, trying to convince her why it's a good idea for me to move to Gombe national park in Tanzania to live with a bunch of wild chimpanzees. Uh, can you believe she thinks that's crazy?
Guy Raz
Okay, you know, Tanzania's pretty far away. I mean, all the way in East Africa. And besides, there is no way your carrier pigeon Reggie is gonna make it that far without getting lost. Mindy.
Mindy
I know it's far, Guy Raz, but the more I learn about chimpanzees, the more I just really want one for a best friend. Uh, I mean, I just feel like we have a lot in common.
Guy Raz
Well, that's true, Mindy. I mean, as you know, chimps are our closest relatives on planet Planet Earth. But I'm not sure it's such a good idea to live with them. I mean, for one thing, you really love to talk, and I don't think you speak chimpanzee.
Mindy
Guy Raz chimps can learn to speak sign language. I'll just have them teach me.
Guy Raz
I'm not really sure that's how it works. Besides, you'll be living in the middle of the Gombe National Park. No humans to play with, no one to join you in a game of Apples to Apples or Twister. I mean, don't you think you might get bored?
Mindy
Bored? Guy Raz chimps know how to organize and make up their own awesome games. They do it all the time.
Guy Raz
Okay, well, what about personal hygiene? I mean, you know, they don't have hairbrushes in the wild.
Mindy
Mindy, Guy Raz, chimps take grooming very seriously. In fact, they even use grooming as sort of a way to show friendship. So as far as personal hygiene and grooming goes, I'll just let them show how much they love me by picking the bugs and dirt out of my hair.
Guy Raz
Ugh. Okay.
Mindy
And I hear it's very calming, which is good for someone like me who freaks out all the time.
Guy Raz
Mindy, what even brought this on? I mean, I know that chimps and humans share a lot of the same characteristics, but we're still a very different species from them.
Mindy
Well, that's the thing, Guy Raz. It turns out that we're even more alike than we ever thought before.
Dennis
Really?
Guy Raz
More than we ever thought before?
Mindy
Yeah. So for a long time, scientists have been looking for clues as to how humans learn to cooperate. You know, working together instead of just looking out for number one.
Guy Raz
Well, I think it's safe to say that most of us humans learned how to cooperate from our parents and our teachers.
Mindy
Yeah, but how did our parents and teachers learn to cooperate? In other words, how did our earliest ancestors learn to cooperate?
Guy Raz
Yeah, that's a good question. I mean, when you think about it, cooperation is sort of the bedrock, the foundation, the basis of our human civilization. It's why we Homo sapiens were able to spread all around the world.
Mindy
Yeah, I mean, pretty much everything in our lives is dependent on cooperation, like how our cities and countries work and how we make and follow all of our rules and laws. And even big inventions like computers and spaceships and waffle tacos, they all require cooperation. Because without it, life as we know it would be very different.
Guy Raz
Wow. Imagine that kind of world.
Mindy
Okay.
Guy Raz
Wow, Mindy, sometimes your imagination is so loud, even I can hear it myself.
Mindy
Sorry.
Guy Raz
Well, I know that chimps also cooperate with each other, but what does that have to do with why we humans cooperate?
Mindy
Well, remember how I said that scientists have been looking for clues to explain how we learn cooperation?
Dennis
Yeah.
Mindy
Well, it looks like chimpanzees might just hold the clue.
Guy Raz
Well, if they're holding the clue, can't scientists just, you know, tickle it out of them? Get it? Tickle it out of them?
Mindy
Guy Raz, they're not literally holding the clue.
Guy Raz
Well, but. Did you like my joke?
Mindy
Oh, boy. Here's the deal. So while scientists have known for a long time that chimps could cooperate, they weren't sure about their motive for cooperating.
Guy Raz
You mean they thought it was possible that chimps only help other chimps if they get something out of it?
Mindy
Exactly. Which would be selfish, right?
Guy Raz
I'll say.
Mindy
So now the question is, could chimps be altruistic? Could they be willing to help other chimps even if there was nothing in it for them?
Guy Raz
So could the chimps be kind and caring and altruistic?
Mindy
Yeah, like the time you tripped over my roller skates at the bottom of the stairs and scraped your knee and I offered to perform surgery on you, but you said, no, thanks, just give me a band aid and stop leaving your roller skates all over the place. And I gave you a band aid and didn't even ask for a prize in return.
Guy Raz
Uh, I don't know if I'd call that altruistic. I seem to remember that for months after that, you'd go telling people that you saved my life and introduce yourself at parties as Guy Raz's personal hero.
Mindy
Hi, I'm Mindy, Guy Raz's personal hero. Now, I don't want to make a big deal out of it, but I did totally save his life from a freak roller skate accident.
Guy Raz
Good. My gosh.
Mindy
Yeah, it was really scary. Kind of touch and go there for a while, but in the end, and I really pulled through. Ooh, I guess I did okay. So, bad example. But you get it, right? I mean, altruism is doing something nice or helpful for someone else without getting anything in return.
Guy Raz
Or even bragging to everyone about the nice thing you did.
Mindy
Yeah, sure. So these scientists wondered that if chimps could be altruistic, then maybe this could be a clue as to how humans evolved to be altruistic too.
Guy Raz
Well, how did they go about trying to find this out?
Mindy
Okay, so there were two big experiments. The first one was conducted by Martin Schmelz and Sebastian Gruneisen at the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology in Leipzig, Germany.
Guy Raz
And what was the experiment?
Mindy
Okay, so pay close attention because this can get a little tricky. Okay, so the first thing they did was create a little chimpanzee sharing game.
Guy Raz
That sounds like. What was the game?
Mindy
Well, they took two chimps from the Leipzig zoo and put them in two rooms next to each other with a window dividing them in between.
Guy Raz
Okay, I'm imagining it.
Mindy
And the first chimp, a girl chimp named Ty, had four choices of ropes to pull.
Guy Raz
Okay.
Mindy
Then they had a bunch of partner chimps play one at a time. And these were boy chimps.
Guy Raz
Interesting.
Mindy
Said the boy chimps knew that Ty had four choices of ropes. If she pulled the first rope, a banana would drop down and Ty would get to eat it all by herself.
Guy Raz
Bet she liked that.
Mindy
But if she pulled the second rope, the boy chimp would get the treat all to himself.
Guy Raz
This is getting really interesting.
Mindy
And then if Tai pulled the third rope, she and the boy chimp would get a banana. And can you guess what happened? If she pulled the fourth rope, a.
Guy Raz
Pinata full of smashed bananas would explode all over the lab.
Mindy
Nope. But that's what I'm planning for your surprise party.
Guy Raz
My what?
Mindy
Oh, I didn't say anything. Anyhoo, if she pulled the fourth rope, she would pass her turn to the boy chimp, who would then get to choose a rope to pull himself.
Guy Raz
So did Tai always pull the first rope and get the banana all for herself and only herself?
Mindy
Well, that's what you would think. But there was a twist.
Guy Raz
A twist.
Mindy
And the twist was that Ty was encouraged by the scientists conducting the experiment to always pull the fourth rope and give the boy chimp the choice.
Guy Raz
So did the boy chimps know that the scientists were encouraging Ty to give them the rope?
Mindy
Nope. As far as they knew, Ty was just. Just being nice and giving her turn to them.
Guy Raz
But Mindy, that meant that if she gave up her turn, the boy chimps could simply pull the first rope and keep all the bananas to themselves.
Mindy
Well, they could. But the scientists began to notice that the boy chimps understood that Tai was doing something nice for them.
Guy Raz
So did that mean that the boy chimps were nice back to Tai?
Mindy
Yes. So in most cases, without even being encouraged, the boy chimps would pull the ropes that gave both them and and Tai a banana.
Guy Raz
What a bunch of pals.
Mindy
I know, right? And there's more.
Guy Raz
What?
Mindy
After Ty passed on her turn, the boy chimps had only two choices. They could pull the first rope and get four treats just for Themselves. Or pull the second rope and get three treats. Three for themselves and three for Ty.
Guy Raz
And what rope did they pull?
Mindy
Well, almost half the time, the boy chimps pulled the second rope, meaning that they would get one less banana for.
Guy Raz
Themselves, but enough to share with their friends.
Mindy
Yep, those boy chimps were totally thinking of their friend Ty.
Guy Raz
Mindy, would you like my last banana?
Mindy
Well, it does look appealing. You get it. You get it.
Guy Raz
Okay, let's just move on to the second experiment.
Mindy
Okay, so in the second experiment, Kevin Langergraber, a scientist from Arizona State University, studied why chimps go on patrol missions.
Guy Raz
Patrol missions?
Mindy
Yeah. So in the wild, chimps live in big groups, just like we do.
Guy Raz
Like in towns or cities or neighborhoods.
Mindy
Exactly. And just like in our towns and cities, chimps basically take on the jobs of community helpers. So one may volunteer to be the group's police officer or security guard and.
Guy Raz
Then go on a patrol in the wild. Keeping their eyes out for bad guys.
Mindy
Yeah, and they walk around the very edge of the group territory and look out for rival chimps who might want to attack the group or steal their food.
Guy Raz
Well, that sounds like a pretty risky job. I mean, if predators came along or hunters, those patrol chimps would be the first to get hurt or even killed.
Mindy
I know. Crazy, right? So this scientist, Kevin Langergraper, wondered if these patrol chimps would only volunteer if there was something else in it for them.
Guy Raz
In it for them? Like if they were only protecting their own family members.
Mindy
Yeah, and this is kind of what the scientists expected.
Guy Raz
But.
Mindy
But it turns out that after 20 years of studying almost 4,000 chimps in Uganda, the researchers discovered that more than 25%, or one in every four patrolled chimps had no relatives in the group they were protecting.
Guy Raz
So they were protecting other chimps, even if it meant sacrificing their own safety.
Mindy
Yep. The scientists call this idea group augmentation, which is just a fancy way of saying that chimps know that if they have to sacrifice themselves to protect the whole group, then everyone else in the group is better off, too. And that also means that the group has a better chance of growing and surviving because they'll be able to make more baby chimps.
Guy Raz
So does any of this help us to better understand how humans learned to cooperate and be altruistic?
Mindy
Well, we're still learning exactly how we became a species where millions of us live and work together. But these studies do help us understand the basic ideas behind cooperation and, of course, putting others before ourselves.
Guy Raz
And so what does it mean for people who still find it, you know, kind of hard to share or play fair or to be nice.
Mindy
Well, I really don't know what that means. And it's safe to say that we all have these moments, but when it comes to putting others first, it doesn't hurt to add ourselves. The question what would a chimp do?
Guy Raz
Or more specifically, what would Ty do?
Mindy
Yeah, she's my North Star.
Guy Raz
So are you still thinking of moving to Tanzania to live with the chimpanzees?
Mindy
Well, that depends. I mean, you're basically my best human friend in civilization, so what are the chances you would be willing to altruistically put on this ape suit and pick bugs out of my hair?
Guy Raz
Uh, yes, Mindy, the last time you put me in an animal costume, I ended up in the flamingo pond at the zoo. There's no way I'm getting in that ape suit.
Mindy
Yeah, that flamingo thing was bananas.
Dennis
Yay. That was so nice. Yeah, the chips shared with each other. Hey, Reggie, if we were in the experiment from the episode where you pull ropes to get bananas, what rope would you pull? The first one, Reggie. Oh, you're joking. Okay, yeah, I'd pull the third rope, too. Oh, yeah, I forgot. I don't like bananas because they taste like banana flavor. Baby Dennis likes bananas. No, you don't. You can eat foods. Okay, I think it's time to wrap this up. Thanks to all you listeners out there for tuning in to Wee Wow on the weekend. Remember, if you have a question for me, call and leave me a message at 1-888-7-WOW-WOW. That's 1-888-7-WWOW. I just might answer your question on Wee Wow on the weekend. All right, Reggie, let's go take baby Dennis for a walk. Hooray. Can we go to the park? No. Can we go to the libary? It's pronounced Li. Ba. Ry. No, wait. I mean liberry. Wait, Lyberry. Why can't I say it right? Lyberry. Ah.
Mindy
Grown ups. If you like wow in the world, you can listen early and ad free right now on Wondery.
Guy Raz
Join Wondery in the Wondery app or on Wondery Kids. Plus on Apple podcasts. Prime members can can listen ad free on Amazon Music.
Mindy
And before you go, tell us about yourself by filling out a short survey@wondery.com survey. Thanks for joining us for this edition of Wewow on the weekend. Our show is written by Ruth Morrison and Jed Anderson. Original sound design and production is done by Henry Moskal and Marion Lozano, with help from Jed Anderson and Tyler Thole. Original music for wewow on the Weekend is composed and performed by Tyler Thole.
Guy Raz
Special thanks to Steph Sosa, Rebecca Caban and all of the other tinkerers at Tinkercast hq.
Mindy
There's still time to share your wee wow crafternoon challenges with us grown ups. You can upload pictures and videos of your projects to us@tinkercast.com share or call us at 1-888-7-WWOW.
Guy Raz
Our website is tinkercast.com there you can learn more about becoming an official member of the World Organization of wowzers, learn about upcoming events, shop our shop and pick up a copy of the latest edition of our number one New York Times best selling book series wow in the Wild.
Mindy
Thanks again for thinking, tinkering, experimenting and exploring with us this this week. Meet us back here on Monday for Wow in the World and remember who wows we wow. Wow in the World was made by Tinkercast and sent to you by Wondery.
In the January 26, 2025 episode of "Wow in the World" titled "WeWow on the Weekend," hosts Mindy Thomas and Guy Raz delve into the fascinating world of chimpanzees to explore the complexities of cooperation and altruism. This episode not only entertains with engaging banter and interactive segments but also educates listeners about scientific studies that shed light on the evolutionary roots of human social behaviors.
The episode kicks off with a lively Q&A segment where listeners, both kids and their grown-up companions, submit intriguing questions about everyday phenomena.
Perfume Concentration Mystery
At [03:14], Mindy Thomas asks, "So how do scents get concentrated into containers like perfumes and body sprays?"
Dennis responds humorously about the mystery of perfumes holding strong scents in tiny bottles, sharing amusing anecdotes like a pizza-scented perfume:
Dennis [03:19]: "I could smell the cheese and the sauce and everything. How'd they get a whole pizza into a tiny bottle?"
This light-hearted exchange highlights the wonders of everyday science in a relatable manner.
Riddle Time Fun
Later, at [05:18], Mindy introduces a riddle: "I am an ocean with no water. I am a forest with no trees. I am a desert with no sand. What am I?"
Dennis engages playfully, leading to the revelation:
Mindy [06:05]: "It's a map."
Such interactive elements keep the audience engaged while stimulating their critical thinking.
Dennis transitions into a special segment called "Inside Tinkercast Studios," where he revisits past episodes to provide deeper insights. In this segment, he references an earlier episode titled "Sharing Caring Chimpanzees," focusing on how humans learn to cooperate—a fundamental theme of this episode.
A significant portion of the episode features a rich dialogue between Mindy Thomas and Guy Raz, where they dissect scientific findings about chimpanzee behavior and its parallels to human cooperation.
Mindy's Proposal: Living with Chimpanzees
Mindy humorously suggests moving to Tanzania to live with chimpanzees, sparking a thoughtful discussion:
Mindy [09:09]: "The more I learn about chimpanzees, the more I just really want one for a best friend. I just feel like we have a lot in common."
This sets the stage for exploring the deeper connections between humans and our primate relatives.
Exploring Human-Chimp Similarities
Guy Raz points out the geographic and cultural challenges of such a move:
Guy Raz [09:21]: "Tanzania's pretty far away. And besides, there is no way your carrier pigeon Reggie is gonna make it that far without getting lost."
The conversation gracefully shifts to the scientific investigation of cooperation in chimps and humans.
Understanding Altruism
Mindy introduces the concept of altruism in chimpanzees:
Mindy [12:19]: "It turns out that we're even more alike than we ever thought before."
She emphasizes the importance of understanding whether chimps can act altruistically—helping others without direct benefits to themselves.
The hosts delve into two pivotal experiments that illuminate cooperative behavior in chimpanzees, drawing parallels to human societal structures.
Max Planck Institute Experiment
Mindy details an experiment by Martin Schmelz and Sebastian Gruneisen:
Mindy [14:46]: "They took two chimps from the Leipzig zoo and put them in two rooms next to each other with a window dividing them in between."
The setup involved offering choices that could benefit both chimps or just one, testing the willingness to share.
Key Findings:
The female chimpanzee, Ty, often chose to share the banana rather than keep it all, leading the male chimps to reciprocate by also choosing options that benefited both parties.
Guy Raz [17:05]: "Those boy chimps were totally thinking of their friend Ty."
Arizona State University Study on Patrol Missions
The second experiment by Kevin Langergraber explores why chimps undertake patrol missions to protect their group:
Mindy [18:00]: "So in the second experiment, Kevin Langergraber... studied why chimps go on patrol missions."
Over 20 years, the study observed that a significant portion of chimps would protect the group even without direct familial ties, suggesting a form of group augmentation—prioritizing the group's survival over individual safety.
Guy Raz [19:32]: "They were protecting other chimps, even if it meant sacrificing their own safety."
Mindy and Guy Raz connect these chimpanzee behaviors to human social structures, pondering how cooperation evolved in humans.
Foundation of Human Civilization
Mindy [11:33]: "It's why we Homo sapiens were able to spread all around the world."
Cooperation is portrayed as the bedrock of societal development, enabling complex structures and advanced inventions.
Altruism as Evolutionary Clue
The altruistic tendencies observed in chimps provide clues to understanding human altruism:
Mindy [14:18]: "Altruism is doing something nice or helpful for someone else without getting anything in return."
They discuss how such behaviors are beneficial for group survival and cohesion, essential for the thriving of both chimps and humans.
Wrapping up the episode, Mindy and Guy Raz reflect on the importance of altruism and cooperation in both chimpanzee societies and human communities.
Taking a Page from Chimpanzees
Mindy [20:21]: "When it comes to putting others first, it doesn't hurt to add ourselves. The question is, what would a chimp do?"
This rhetorical question encourages listeners to emulate altruistic behaviors observed in chimps to enhance human interactions and societal well-being.
Humorous Banter and Final Thoughts
The episode concludes with playful interactions between the hosts, reinforcing the episode's themes with humor and warmth.
This episode of "Wow in the World" masterfully intertwines scientific exploration with engaging dialogue, making complex topics accessible and entertaining for both kids and their grown-up listeners. By examining chimpanzee behavior, the hosts provide valuable insights into the fundamental nature of cooperation and altruism, highlighting their crucial role in the development of human society. Listeners are left with a deeper appreciation of the evolutionary ties that bind us to our primate cousins and the enduring importance of working together for the greater good.