Transcript
A (0:01)
Hello and welcome to Zoe Recap, where each week we find the best bits from one of our podcast episodes to help you improve your health. Today we're discussing fitness during menopause. Navigating the twists and turns of menopause can be a challenge. Hormone fluctuations bring about significant changes in your body, including how it responds to exercise. So how can you adjust your workout routine to better best support your body through this change? Exercise physiologist Dr. Stacy Sims tells us how we can optimize fitness during this unique stage of life.
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When we're looking at perimenopause, women age very differently during this time period because it depends on how the ratios of estrogen and progesterone start to shift. Because when we're in our reproductive years, we have primarily a regular cycle every 28 to 40 days. And you have times when estrogen, progesterone are low, and then you have ovulation, estrogen, progesterone come up. You don't get pregnant, you shed the lining. So you have this cyclical pattern, and your body's really used to a certain amount of progesterone and estrogen. When we get into perimenopause, we start to have more and more anovulatory cycles. So if we're not ovulating, we don't produce progesterone. We're still producing estrogen, but because we don't have progesterone, the ratios of those two hormones are shifting. Some weeks where you have more estrogen, and it would be akin to a normal menstrual cycle. But when you don't ovulate and you don't have the counter of progesterone to estrogen, that changes the way estrogen functions in the body. Estrogen acts on a woman like testosterone acts on a man. When we're talking about lean mass, and we know that lean mass is one of the first things to go. Cause there's a lot of women who say, you know what? I feel like I woke up squishy overnight. I don't know what happened. I've been doing the same things, and all of a sudden I'm squishy. And it is really. Because when we look at estrogen, estrogen is really responsible for stimulating the satellite cell, or that very basic muscle cell to grow and develop. It's also responsible for how strong two proteins come together. They're called actin and myosin, and they cause a muscle contraction. Myosin and actin bond together and shorten the fibers. And that's what causes your muscle contraction. Estrogen is responsible for how strong myosin attaches to actin. So when we start to have different levels of estrogen, that combination of actin and myosin is thrown off. So we don't have as much strength because we can't stimulate the muscle fibers to contract as strong as they used to. So this is why women feel, I'm not very strong anymore. Estrogen is really responsible for our strength and power and our muscle, and we're losing it. Well, what do we do? We need to look at lifting heavy. And people are very hesitant in this age bracket. I know, because all of us grew up with the Jane Fonda cardiovascular. Don't touch weights because you're going to bulk up. But it is so important for resistance training. It is the big rock here when we're talking about building muscle. But we can't go in and do like 10 reps of something or 15 reps of something, because that's not the kind of stimulus that's going to allow us to build muscle. What I'm trying to do is I'm trying to create a central nervous system response. So if we think about muscle contraction, it's all driven by a nerve response. So if we are looking at going to the gym or not even to the gym to start off, because we're not looking at a training block here, or not looking at a short burst of time, we are looking for the rest of our lives. So when we're talking about lifting heavy, it's relative. If you're not used to lifting and you've never done it before, then I don't want you to go to the gym tomorrow and try to deadlift 50 or 60 kilos. Right? That's just going to set you up for injury. It's very intimidating for women who've never been in the gym to do that. What I do want you to do is I want you to learn to move. I want you to do mobility. I want you to learn how to squat properly. I want you to learn how to do some single leg deadlifts or standing on a single leg. I want you to learn how to stand, step off a box. And it doesn't have to be a high box, it could be a stair and land properly. I want you to learn how to move first. And you can work with a physio who can look at your sticky points. And this is also the time where we have an upcurrent of soft tissue injury and joint pain because of the way estrogen interacts. With these parts of the body as well. So the first and foremost is people need to learn to move well. Once you know how to move well, then we can start adding load. So by adding load, it is doing an exercise. So I'll take deadlift, because that's picking the bar off, off the ground. So it's akin to picking groceries up to move. You want to be able to do three reps. So that's picking it up. One down, two down, three down, and do that five times. But by the fifth time you do that, you might only be able to do one with proper form. That's what we're after. We're looking for fatigue, we're looking for that. Two, failure with good form. Because what we're doing there is we're telling our nerves that we have to recruit a certain amount of muscle fibers quickly to be able to lift that load. For having the central nervous system come in and say, I need to be able to recruit more muscle fibers, I need to activate all these muscle fibers. They all have to coordinate. They all have to be able to contract at the same time to lift this heavy load. Then we also get the stimulus for building more muscle, because we need more muscle to lift that load. So instead of estrogen telling muscle to grow, and instead of estrogen telling myosin and actin to come together and be really strong to lift this load, we have a nerve response. So this is how we can build muscle and strength without the hormonal influence.
