Welcome to This Week in Pediatrics. This week we are covering ten notable papers spanning neonatal care and respiratory strategies, infectious disease interventions and long-term growth, and long-term neurodevelopmental and gastrointestinal outcomes in childhood. Let us dive in. We begin in the neonatal intensive care unit, where managing fragile infants requires balancing procedural risks with c…

This week's papers:

Empirical treatment with valganciclovir in infants living with HIV and hospitalised with severe pneumonia in Africa: a multicentre, open-label, factorial, randomised, controlled, superiority trial — Lancet 2026
Hearing-Targeted Congenital Cytomegalovirus Screening: An 11-Year Experience — Pediatrics 2026
Social Inequities in High-Risk Neonatal Care Delivery: Clinical Report — Pediatrics 2026
Expert consensus on bedside transcatheter closure of patent ductus arteriosus in extremely low birth weight infants — Pediatric Research 2026
Long-term neurodevelopmental outcomes after vacuum-assisted delivery: A population-based cohort study — PLoS Medicine 2026
Diagnostic Performance of Fecal Elastase and Risk Factors for Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency in Children with Pancreatitis: An INSPPIRE-2 Study — The Journal of Pediatrics 2026
In-utero HIV exposure and postnatal growth to 8 years of age: a prospective cohort study in the Western Cape, South Africa — The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health 2026
Second- and third-line treatment options for refractory monosymptomatic enuresis in children: a scoping review — European Journal of Pediatrics 2026
Impact of Respiratory Support Strategies on COVariability During Therapeutic Hypothermia in Neonates With Asphyxia: Data From the German Hypothermia Registry — Acta Paediatrica 2026
Age-specific ETCOc measured by non-dispersive infrared spectroscopy predicts neonatal phototherapy — Pediatric Research 2026