Billy Joel’s Brain Condition, Explained

Summary

Summary of "Billy Joel’s Brain Condition, Explained"

Podcast Information

• Title: Chasing Life
• Host/Author: Dr. Sanjay Gupta, CNN
• Episode: Billy Joel’s Brain Condition, Explained
• Release Date: June 3, 2025

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Introduction In this enlightening episode of Chasing Life, Dr. Sanjay Gupta delves into the medical condition known as Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus (NPH), recently diagnosed in music legend Billy Joel. Targeting an audience eager to understand complex health issues, Dr. Gupta breaks down the symptoms, causes, and treatment options for NPH, offering hope and clarity to listeners who might be experiencing similar health challenges.

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Understanding Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus (NPH) Dr. Gupta begins by explaining the basics of hydrocephalus, a condition characterized by an abnormal accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the brain's ventricles. He states:

“Hydrocephalus is basically an abnormal buildup of that fluid.”
(00:48)

He further distinguishes NPH from other forms by highlighting that, unlike typical hydrocephalus, the fluid pressure in NPH patients remains close to normal. This distinction is crucial as it influences both diagnosis and treatment.

Causes of Hydrocephalus When questioned about the causes of hydrocephalus, Dr. Gupta provides a comprehensive overview:

“Sometimes it's because the surrounding brain shrinks a bit and this fluid is sort of filling in that space. Sometimes it's because there is old head trauma, infection, tumors, perhaps a complication from surgery. But again, a lot of times we don't know.”
(02:11)

He emphasizes that while some causes are identifiable, in many cases, the exact reason for CSF buildup remains unclear.

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Symptoms and Misdiagnosis NPH typically presents a triad of symptoms:

1. Difficulty with Walking
2. Cognitive Impairments
3. Bladder Control Issues

Dr. Gupta notes:

“These are some of the symptoms that Billy Joel has.”
(02:11)

He warns that NPH is often misdiagnosed as other conditions like dementia or Parkinson's disease, leading to potentially missed opportunities for effective treatment.

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Diagnostic Procedures: The Lumbar Puncture Listener Patty from Florida asks whether a spinal tap can aid in her mother's NPH diagnosis. Dr. Gupta responds:

“The lumbar puncture is really a diagnostic test. It is not a permanent solution, but it does two things at the same time. Sort of makes the diagnosis or confirms the diagnosis of normal pressure hydrocephalus. And the patients often get better, but only for a short time.”
(07:06)

This temporary relief can indicate whether a more permanent solution, such as a shunt, might be beneficial.

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Treatment Options: Shunt Procedures Laura from Georgia inquires about the efficacy of brain shunt procedures in restoring mobility. Dr. Gupta provides clarity:

“One study showed it could be up to 90% effective. A lot of studies have shown at least 60 to 70% effective, meaning patients improve in terms of their cognition, their balance, and their bladder control.”
(08:45)

He explains the shunt procedure as a means to permanently drain excess fluid, thereby alleviating the symptoms of NPH.

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Real-Life Implications: Billy Joel's Diagnosis Dr. Gupta personalizes the discussion by mentioning Billy Joel’s diagnosis:

“You know Billy Joel. First of all, I love Billy Joel. One of the first concerts I ever attended. I'm a huge fan.”
(00:48)

This connection underscores the real-world impact of NPH and the importance of awareness and proper medical intervention.

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Listener Q&A Highlights

1. Robert in Wells Main: What causes hydrocephalus?

   • Dr. Gupta discusses CSF dynamics and various potential causes, emphasizing that often the exact cause remains unknown.
     (02:11)

2. Patty in Florida: Can a spinal tap help her 82-year-old mother diagnosed with NPH?

   • He explains the dual role of lumbar punctures in diagnosis and temporary symptom relief, indicating potential benefits from further treatment.
     (07:06)

3. Laura in Georgia: What are the chances her mother can regain mobility with a shunt procedure?

   • Dr. Gupta provides optimistic statistics on the effectiveness of shunt surgeries in improving cognitive and motor functions.
     (08:45)

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Conclusion Dr. Gupta wraps up the episode by reiterating the importance of accurate diagnosis and the potential for significant improvement in quality of life through appropriate treatments like shunt procedures. He encourages listeners to seek medical advice if they experience symptoms similar to those of NPH and to remain hopeful about the advancements in medical science that make conditions like NPH manageable.

Notable Quotes

• “Hydrocephalus is basically an abnormal buildup of that fluid.” (02:11)
• “These are some of the symptoms that Billy Joel has.” (02:11)
• “If patients improve with a lumbar puncture and drainage of that fluid, that's a pretty good indication that a more permanent drainage... might be beneficial.” (07:06)
• “One study showed it could be up to 90% effective.” (08:45)
• “Imagine going to the doctor thinking that you have dementia... you find out that you have normal pressure hydrocephalus and you get a lumbar puncture, you get a shunt as I just described, and you get better as a result.” (08:45)

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Final Thoughts This episode of Chasing Life serves as an essential guide for anyone navigating the complexities of Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus. Through clear explanations, real-life examples, and expert insights, Dr. Sanjay Gupta demystifies a condition that, while rare, holds solutions that can dramatically improve patients' lives.

Transcript

[Carl Zimmer]

Chasing Life is supported by the World as yous'll Know It, a podcast about the forces shaping the future. In this season, host and science journalist Carl Zimmer speaks to some of the most respected scientists in the field of aging research about the massive changes in human longevity and what comes next. Is our lifespan set or will a breakthrough add decades to our lives? Can older brains be rewired to function like younger ones? Which so called biohacks actually work? The world as you'll know it is available now. After zoomies at the dog park, it's time for Drive up at Target. In goes a big bag of kibble and one squeaky chicken toy for the good boy.

[Kira Dehring]

Drive up.

[Carl Zimmer]

That's ready when you are. Only in the Target app, just tap Target.

[Dr. Sanjay Gupta]

Welcome to Paging Dr. Gupta. You know, I always really look forward to this time of the week. It's a chance for me to connect with you. I get to hear what's on your mind and I get to hopefully make some sense of the health questions you've been asking. But thank you so much for sending in all your questions. It really means a lot and I really do love hearing from you. Many of you apparently have been following the news because you saw that music legend Billy Joel recently canceled part of his tour after being diagnosed with a condition called normal pressure hydrocephalus, or nph. Now, hydrocephalus is a condition people often associate with infants with babies. You might have heard it described as water on the brain. But the thing about hydrocephalus, it can also occur in adults, typically people over the age of 65. So I'll tell you, you know Billy Joel. First of all, I love Billy Joel. One of the first concerts I ever attended. I'm a huge fan. When I heard about his diagnosis, especially as a neurosurgeon, it really got my attention. And judging from all the questions you've been sending in, seems like it got your attention as well. So today we're taking a closer look at nph, Normal pressure hydrocephalus. Kira's back with us. Kira, who are we hearing from?

[Kira Dehring]

Hey, Sanjay. So today we're starting off with a question from Robert in Wells Main and he wants to know what causes hydrocephalus.

[Dr. Sanjay Gupta]

All right, Kira, thank you and Robert, thank you for that question. Couple things. First couple basics, cerebrospinal fluid. Fluid that is circulating around the cerebrum, the brain and the spine. So imagine your brain and your spinal cord and you got this fluid that is constantly bathing it. That's the cerebral Spinal fluid. And we are continuously making this cerebral spinal fluid, or csf. It bathes the brain and the spinal cord, and then it gets reabsorbed into the bloodstream. Hydrocephalus is basically an abnormal buildup of that fluid. So there's these normal fluid filled spaces in the brain called ventricles. When you get a CT scan or some sort of brain imaging, you see what normal ventricle size looks like. And then you see hydrocephalus, where those normal ventricles look plump, look swollen, look filled with fluid. The type that Billy Joel has is called normal pressure hydrocephalus. And that's in large part because the fluid has built up slowly over time. And as a result, the fluid pressure inside the head is normal or close to normal. It's not elevated. Why does it happen? Well, sometimes we just don't know. Sometimes it's because the surrounding brain shrinks a bit and this fluid is sort of filling in that space. Sometimes it's because there is old head trauma, infection, tumors, perhaps a complication from surgery. But again, a lot of times we don't know. We do know that it can cause specific symptoms. In fact, classic, what we call triad of symptoms. Three symptoms, which are difficulty with walking, difficulty with cognition, and difficulty with bladder control. And these are some of the symptoms that Billy Joel has. So he has this condition, normal pressure hydrocephalus. He has some of the associated symptoms. And I'm sure right now they're probably having conversations with their doctors about what to do, how to best treat this. Now, one thing I will tell you is that normal pressure hydrocephalus is not a common condition, but it's a mimic of other conditions. Someone comes into the office with cognition problems. A lot of times you may think, well, this is dementia. You get a brain scan and you find in fact that the patient has normal pressure hydrocephalus, potentially treatable. Sometimes patients come in with questionable Parkinson's disease, they get a brain scan, and they're found to have normal pressure hydrocephalus, potentially treatable. You can see the pattern here. So again, not common, but potentially a treatable condition that mimics other existing conditions. Now, coming up, one of you asked about something that your mom is going through a spinal tap for. Normal pressure hydrocephalus. Could it actually help? What else could possibly help? We're going to talk it through right after the break.

[Unnamed Voice Actor]

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[Dr. Sanjay Gupta]

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[Dr. Sanjay Gupta]

Okay, pagers going off again means we got another question.

[Kira Dehring]

Kira, this next one is from Patty in Florida. She wrote in asking recently, my mom, who's 82, has been diagnosed with NPH. Next week she's having a spinal tap. Can you tell me if it will make things better?

[Dr. Sanjay Gupta]

All right, Patty, the spinal tap, the lumbar puncture, as it is sometimes called. What you're talking about is part of a diagnostic workup that we do. Diagnostic mean it's intended to diagnose, not necessarily treat. But sometimes diagnostic tests can offer temporary treatment as well. Let me explain it like this. Imagine that fluid again circulating around the brain and the spinal cord. There's too much of it because it's not being reabsorbed into the bloodstream quickly enough. If you put a needle into the lower back and drain some of that fluid, sometimes patients will improve and improve quickly. Their balance improves, their bladder control improves, their cognition improves. So if that happens, if patients improve with a lumbar puncture and drainage of that fluid, that's a pretty good indication that a more permanent drainage of that fluid might be beneficial. Again, let me explain that the lumbar puncture is really a diagnostic test. It is not a permanent solution, but it does two things at the same time. Sort of makes the diagnosis or confirms the diagnosis of normal pressure hydrocephalus. And the patients often get better, but only for a short time. So if that does work, patient does get better, it's an indication that a more permanent procedure could be of benefit. Patty, I hope that gives you a clearer picture. Best wishes to your mom. Kira, what's our last question?

[Kira Dehring]

All right, last up, we actually have another question about a mom, and it's coming from Laura in Georgia who wants to know what are the chances that my mother can get some or all of her mobility back with the brain shunt procedure.

[Dr. Sanjay Gupta]

Okay, so this is perfect. This follows on what we were just talking about. Laura, if that spinal tap I was talking about works, that means a shunt can then be placed in the brain to drain the fluid off more permanently. Okay, so how does that work? It involves putting a catheter directly into one of those fluid filled spaces in the brain. You do this through a small opening on the top of the brain, and then you connect that catheter to another catheter and a valve, which then drains the fluid, typically into your abdominal cavity. So now you have this closed loop system where fluid is draining from that area on top of the brain, the ventricle, into the abdominal cavity. It takes some of that fluid away because the body is not absorbing it quickly enough. I hope that makes sense. How well does it work? Well, there's all sorts of studies here, but the good news is that it can be very effective. One study showed it could be up to 90% effective. A lot of studies have shown at least 60 to 70% effective, meaning patients improve in terms of their cognition, their balance, and their bladder control. So this is again, one of those things that's not that common but very treatable. And imagine going to the doctor thinking that you have dementia or thinking that you have Parkinson's and instead finding out that you have normal pressure hydrocephalus and you get a lumbar puncture, you get a shunt as I just described, and you get better as a result. We certainly hope that's the case for your mom, Laura, and obviously for Billy Joel as well. Thank you to everyone who sent in the questions. Again, I hope that I give you answers that are useful to you. If there's something health related you've been curious about, don't be shy. Share it, record a voice memo, email it to asksanjaynn.com or give us a call 470-396-0832 and leave a message. The old fashioned way. Thanks for listening and I'll be back next Tuesday. Chasing Life is a production of CNN Audio. Our podcast is produced by Aaron Mathewson, Jennifer Lai, Grace Walker, Lori Gallaretta, Jesse Remedios, Sofia Sanchez and Kira Dehring. Andrea Cain is our medical writer. Our senior producer is Dan Bloom. Amanda Seeley is our showrunner, Dan Dijulla is our technical director and the executive producer of CNN Audio is Steve Lichtai with support from Jamis Andrest, John Dionora, Hailey Thomas, Alex Manasseri, Robert Mathers, Lainey Steinhardt, Nicole Pessarou and Lisa Namorow. Special thanks to Ben Tinker and Nadia Kanang of CNN Health and Wendy Brundage.

[Unnamed Voice Actor]

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