Pacific Story 43-07-11 ep001 Japan's Dream of World Dominion

Summary

Podcast Summary: "Japan's Dream of World Dominion"

Podcast: Harold's Old Time Radio
Episode: Pacific Story 43-07-11 ep001 Japan's Dream of World Dominion
Release Date: February 5, 2025

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Introduction

"Japan's Dream of World Dominion" is the inaugural episode of the "Pacific Story" series presented by Harold's Old Time Radio. Hosted by Owen Latimore, a renowned authority on Pacific affairs and a former political advisor to Generalissimo Chiang Kai Shek, this episode delves into Japan's strategic ambitions in the Pacific during the early 20th century. Through a blend of dramatic storytelling and insightful commentary, the episode explores the historical context, motivations, and consequences of Japan's imperialistic pursuits.

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Dramatic Narrative

The Rise of Japanese Militarism

The episode opens with a dramatic portrayal of Japanese strategists conspiring in Mukden, Manchuria, in 1927. Characters such as Vito Corleone and Michael Corleone (likely symbolic representations rather than direct references to the famous fictional characters) engage in secretive discussions aimed at Japan's expansionist goals.

• Vito Corleone (00:00-00:34): Introduces themes of power, loyalty, and family, setting a tone of intrigue and strategic maneuvering.

• Owen Latimore (00:34): Announces "The Pacific Story," highlighting its focus on understanding the Pacific basin through drama and expert commentary.

Planning World Domination

The narrative centers on a clandestine meeting where Japanese officials, including a fictionalized General, discuss plans to dominate East Asia.

• Vito Corleone (06:44-09:55): Advocates for aggressive strategies to control China and suppress American influence, emphasizing the need for realism and preparedness.

• Japanese General (06:48-09:55): Engages in debates about the feasibility and morality of using "blood and iron" to achieve Japan's hegemony.

Implementation of the Tanaka Memorial Plan

The plot thickens as the Japanese strategists unveil the Tanaka Memorial plan, detailing steps to conquer Manchuria and Mongolia as gateways to greater domination.

• Narrator (13:09-13:56): Provides historical context, explaining the masterminds behind the plan and its rapid execution leading to the invasion of China in 1931.

• Vito Corleone (13:56-15:52): Describes the swift and calculated moves by the Japanese military to seize control over strategic locations, illustrating their ruthless efficiency.

The Escalation of Conflict

As tensions escalate, the narrative depicts the Japanese military's relentless expansion, culminating in the infamous attack on Pearl Harbor.

• Narrator (16:14-21:10): Chronicles Japan's continued aggression across Asia and the Pacific, highlighting pivotal moments like the attack on the Marco Polo Bridge and the subsequent full-scale war with China.

• Vito Corleone (19:02-22:16): Portrays the chaos and devastation wrought by Japanese forces, underscoring the stakes of the Pacific War.

American Counteroffensive

The story shifts to the American perspective, detailing the strategic bombing campaigns aimed at crippling Japanese strongholds.

• Narrator (21:41-22:16): Describes American bombers targeting key Japanese military locations, emphasizing the global scale of the conflict and the monumental efforts required to counter Japanese dominance.

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Historical Context and Analysis

Owen Latimore's Commentary (23:27-29:38)

Owen Latimore provides an in-depth analysis of Japan's motives and the broader implications of its actions in the Pacific:

• Japanese Opposition to a United China (23:27-25:00): Latimore explains that Japan sought to prevent the unification of China under Chiang Kai Shek, aiming to maintain a fragmented and manipulable China to facilitate its own dominance.

• American and Chinese Kinship (25:00-27:30): He emphasizes the bond between America and China, rooted in shared values of liberty and progress. Latimore highlights America's role in supporting Chinese resistance against Japanese aggression as a moral imperative.

• Strategic Advantages (27:30-29:38): Latimore outlines America's strengths in the Pacific, including its reputation and the universal desire for liberty among Asian populations. He underscores the importance of alliances and shared goals in overcoming Japanese imperialism.

Themes of Freedom and Alliance

Latimore draws parallels between historical and contemporary struggles for freedom, referencing President Roosevelt and Chiang Kai Shek's visions for a liberated Asia. He posits that America's commitment to freedom must extend beyond its borders, fostering alliances to ensure global liberty.

• Notable Quote (28:45): "There can be only one American answer. What we want is liberty, and we feel kinship with others who want liberty."

The Role of the United Nations

Latimore touches upon the role of the United Nations in uniting global efforts against aggression, advocating for collective security and mutual support among free nations.

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Conclusion

"Japan's Dream of World Dominion" offers a compelling mix of dramatized historical events and expert analysis, providing listeners with a nuanced understanding of Japan's imperial ambitions and the broader geopolitical dynamics of the Pacific region. Through vivid storytelling and insightful commentary, the episode underscores the significance of alliances, shared values, and strategic foresight in the face of aggressive expansionism. Owen Latimore effectively frames the Pacific War as not only a regional conflict but a pivotal struggle for global freedom and stability.

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Key Takeaways

• Japan's Strategic Ambitions: Japan's detailed and methodical plans for dominating East Asia were rooted in preventing Chinese unification and suppressing American influence.

• Importance of Alliances: The episode highlights the critical role of alliances, particularly between America and China, in countering Japan's expansionist goals.

• Moral Imperative of Liberty: Emphasizes that the fight against aggression is not only for territorial integrity but for the preservation and advancement of freedom worldwide.

• Historical Lessons: Offers valuable insights into the causes and consequences of imperialism, drawing lessons applicable to contemporary geopolitical challenges.

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Notable Quotes with Timestamps

• Vito Corleone (06:44): "And if we are to succeed, let us be realistic about the problem."

• Vito Corleone (07:57): "Our course is to take Manchuria, Mongolia, China and whatever else is necessary to ensure our self-protection."

• Owen Latimore (28:45): "What we want is liberty, and we feel kinship with others who want liberty."

• Owen Latimore (29:15): "Freedom does not stand still. Freedom advances. Unless more and more men are becoming free all the time."

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Additional Information

The episode integrates dramatic elements with historical facts, providing a rich and engaging narrative that educates and captivates listeners. For those interested in further exploring the themes discussed, the podcast offers an accompanying handbook available for purchase, providing background information and suggested readings.

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This summary is intended for informational purposes and encapsulates the key elements of the "Japan's Dream of World Dominion" episode from Harold's Old Time Radio's "Pacific Story" series.

Transcript

[Vito Corleone]

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[Michael Corleone]

Someday I will call upon you to do a service for me.

[Vito Corleone]

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[Michael Corleone]

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[Vito Corleone]

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[Owen Latimore]

The Pacific Story.

[Narrator]

This is the story of the Pacific and its people, of the peaceful sea and the lands and lives it touches, and their meaning to us and to the generation to come.

[Owen Latimore]

The National Broadcasting Company presents the first in a new series of programs dedicated to a fuller understanding of the vast Pacific basin. This new broadcast series, another feature of the Inter American University of the Air, will deal with a different aspect of the Pacific each week, with drama of the past and present and commentary by Owen Latimore, authority on the Pacific and recently political advisor to Generalissimo Chung Kai Shek. This is the Pacific story, Japan's dream of world dominion.

[Narrator]

Across the vast Pacific, the East at last meets the West. The destinies of the millions of people who live in the lands it touches are faithfully intertwined. The vast Pacific no longer separates the Occident from the Orient, but rather joined them here around the Pacific Basin, a new world is emerging, a new era of cultural and commercial and industrial development. What happens in the Pacific today will affect not only the millions of Chinese and Malaysians and Polynesians, but the millions of Americans as well. Land forms an art rather than a complete fat circle around the Pacific. At the south, the Pacific opens into the Antarctic Sea. South America is on the Pacific from Cape Horn to Panama, and Mexico is on the Pacific and the United States and Canada. At the top of the map, Alaska lunges out to the west and almost touches Siberia. From here the rim curves away to the south. Below Siberia lies Japan, and behind Japan on Asia's mainland is China. South of China lie the Philippines, and west and south are Indochina, Thailand, the Netherland, Indies, and Malaya. Farther to the west are Burma and India. At the bottom of the map, between the feet of the great arch, are Australia and New Zealand, and dotting the sea itself are thousands of islanders. With the peoples of these lands, our future in the Pacific must be resolved. Today. This vast Pacific storehouse of wealth and culture and wisdom is ablaze. 70 million regimented Japanese are engaged in a Credible attempt to enslave a billion and more people. At the very beginning, the Japanese militarists made their biggest and most thorough conquest when they conquered the Japanese people and yoked them to a system of unending recurring aggression. This double conquest at home and abroad gathered new impetus only 16 years ago in 1927, by an event in Mukden, Manchuria.

[Chen]

Who is it?

[Vito Corleone]

Fong. Who? Fong.

[Fong]

Open the door.

[Chen]

Are you alone?

[Fong]

Yes, but I must hurry.

[Chen]

Come in.

[Fong]

They are going to start at 10:00 tonight.

[Chen]

And they are all here?

[Fong]

Yes, from Tokyo and from all over Manchuria. They have been arriving here in Mukden for two days.

[Chen]

Do you have their names?

[Fong]

Not all of them. But they are all Japanese experts. Military officers, railroad men, shipping men.

[Chen]

Does any of them suspect you are Chinese?

[Fong]

No, but they are to start in less than an hour. And I cannot get back here again until it is over.

[Chen]

How long will it last?

[Fong]

A week or more. And I must have someone to take the information I get to you.

[Chen]

Chen will do that. I am expecting him here now.

[Fong]

I will be in the conference room or near it.

[Chen]

You know what it means if you are discovered.

[Fong]

I have been a houseboy there a long time.

[Chen]

I will be watching you.

[Fong]

I speak to no one.

[Chen]

Who is it?

[Fong]

I came down a black alley, but I thought someone was following me.

[Chen]

Was anyone following you, Fang?

[Fong]

No. I tried to see for sure, but it was too dark.

[Chen]

We must know they will be here before dawn. We move to one thing, Louis. Tonight.

[Fong]

Then I must leave at once. Will you be at the house, Chance? Yes. Fukuzawa is taking me. I will be in the kitchen.

[Chen]

Fukuzawa is taking you to look after his personal needs.

[Fong]

I will come in tomorrow.

[Chen]

Wang will have access to the conference room, but will not be able to reach me. You, Chen, will see him and report to me.

[Fong]

I can only get to the market and back.

[Chen]

I shall meet you there.

[Fong]

Is there anything else?

[Chen]

No, not now. I shall expect you when the conference is over. Guap the Dakufeng.

[Fong]

Yes, sir.

[Chen]

Chen, you must determine if you were followed tonight.

[Vito Corleone]

And if we are to succeed, let us be realistic about the problem.

[Japanese General]

Being realistic implies a policy of blood and iron that could be suicide.

[Vito Corleone]

Please. Please, gentlemen. Please. In any plan so great in scope as that which we envision for Japan, we will do well to remember the principle laid down by my ancestor, Lord Hota, in 1858, in his memorial to the Emperor, Lord Hota said the object should always be kept in view of laying the foundation for securing hegemony over all nations. We should declare our protection over harmless but powerful nations. Thus, the nations of the world will come to look up to our Emperor as the great ruler of all nations. Your means are that we should go to war with United States. If we are to control China, we must first crush the United States. China is wanting. United States is another.

[Japanese General]

Well, we must start preparations at once.

[Vito Corleone]

Let us not deceive ourselves. We must fight the United States sometime.

[Fong]

Here is your sake, sir.

[Vito Corleone]

Oh, yes. Yes, sir. Put it down there.

[Japanese General]

If we are to conquer China, we must first take Manchuria and Mongolia.

[Fong]

Shall I pour your sake for you, sir?

[Vito Corleone]

Yes, yes. Just ready to. It need not necessarily afoul that going into Manchuria and Mongoya where without in war with the United States.

[Japanese General]

America has too much at stake in Asia to permit us to take either Manchuria or China without war.

[Vito Corleone]

America is a wrong way from Manchuria.

[Fong]

Would you care for some more, Saki, sir?

[Vito Corleone]

No, no. That is all. That is all. America is not our only danger in Pacific. The Chinese may someday wake up. But these factors must not deter us from the plan we have come here to Mukten to work out.

[Japanese General]

No strategy is sound unless it is realistic.

[Vito Corleone]

If we merely hope to develop trade in Eastern Asia, we shall eventually be defeated by England and America.

[Narrator]

No.

[Vito Corleone]

Our course is to take Manchuria, Mongolia, China and whatever else is necessary to ensure our self protection.

[Fong]

Here is your tobacco, sir.

[Vito Corleone]

Oh, yes.

[Chen]

Yes.

[Vito Corleone]

That is all. That is all.

[Fong]

Yes, sir.

[Vito Corleone]

We must take firm attitude toward the United States to give warning to China and to rest of the world.

[Japanese General]

We are not ready to take such an attitude.

[Vito Corleone]

Then we must prepare. No nation aside from Japan is noble and industrious enough to command.

[Chen]

Hello, Chen. You have come here to market?

[Vito Corleone]

Yes. Here is the report from.

[Narrator]

From.

[Chen]

A stranger is watching you.

[Vito Corleone]

The vegetables are wilted. Let us move along to the bean cakes.

[Chen]

They are over here.

[Fong]

It is the same man I have seen each time I have come here to market.

[Chen]

Has Fang been in the conferences?

[Fong]

Yes, but they have been watching me. I am sure.

[Chen]

Do not come here again.

[Fong]

There will be another session tomorrow.

[Narrator]

I will try to reach you at 1pM.

[Vito Corleone]

Then it is no longer a matter of where we shall start, but how and when.

[Japanese General]

The United States in the Lansing ichi north of 1917 have admitted our special interests in Manchuria.

[Vito Corleone]

But how shall we start? It is simple. The way to gain actual rights in Manchuria and Mongolia is to use this region as a base outright as a base. Under the pretense of trade. Under commerce. Yes. And from there Penetrate the rest of China.

[Fong]

Here are your capsules, sir.

[Chen]

Oh, yes. Yes, sir.

[Vito Corleone]

Did you bring water?

[Fong]

Yes, I have it over here.

[Vito Corleone]

Oh, but that will take money. More than we have.

[Japanese General]

We can get foreign capital through the slogan equal Opportunity for all in Manchuria.

[Vito Corleone]

Yes. That will not only help us get foreign loans, but will dispel suspicions of our design in Manchuria.

[Fong]

Here is your water, sir.

[Vito Corleone]

As a military man, I risk the getting of the money to you. I preach it.

[Fong]

I'll take the glass, sir. Will there be anything else?

[Vito Corleone]

That is all now. That is all. A million yen must be appropriated to send 400 retired military officers to mix with the people.

[Japanese General]

These officers are trained for this mission.

[Vito Corleone]

Trained and ready. Yes. They will go disguised as teachers and Chinese citizens. Our first move must be into Manchuria. Thence into China. In our wars with Russia and the United States, we must make Manchuria and Hungaria suffer. Europe.

[Chen]

I had not expected to see you, Fong.

[Fong]

They took Chen today.

[Chen]

Chen knew it was coming.

[Fong]

Here is my report, and his too. Before they took him, he arranged for a Korean clerk to furnish us a complete text.

[Chen]

Then the conference is over.

[Fong]

It ended last night.

[Chen]

11 days of wanton plotting.

[Fong]

They all left as secretly as they came.

[Chen]

They have put their thoughts into a plan. Soon China will be bleeding, and then the rest of the world.

[Narrator]

In July 1927. This plan, cunningly conceived by the cream of Japanese military and civilian experts. Generals, admirals, railroad men, shipping men, economists, bankers, industrialists. This crystallization of the dreams of Lord Hutter, the Black Dragon Society, Premier Kuma and Vicone. This plan to dominate the world was presented by Baron Tanaka to the Emperor of Japan, Manchuria first. That was the plan. Japan buckled down to a task with zeal. And four years later, in 1931.

[Vito Corleone]

They are coming. They will be here any minute.

[Fong]

It will do no good to lock the door. Yang.

[Vito Corleone]

We cannot let them get control of this telephone building.

[Fong]

They have already taken over the telegraph offices and put the radio stations out of commission.

[Vito Corleone]

We can delay them until our army sends help.

[Fong]

There is no help.

[Vito Corleone]

They are taking over everything. I saw them marching into the powerhouse.

[Fong]

They set off a bomb at 10 o'clock last night at a place where their own troops were concentrated. On the South Manchurian Railway. Then they said that one of us Chinese did it. They had it all planned. Before the night was over, they attacked and captured the Chinese barracks and the great arsenal here at mokp.

[Vito Corleone]

You guard this door here. Yes, sir.

[Chen]

We must keep these telephone lines open as long as we can.

[Vito Corleone]

I shall never Let them pass.

[Fong]

Yang says they have taken the powerhouse.

[Chen]

Yes, they have taken. They have captured Antung Chang and Nucheng.

[Fong]

Those cities are hundreds of miles away. Is this an invasion?

[Chen]

It has been directed from Tokyo.

[Fong]

They are coming.

[Vito Corleone]

Open the door. Open the door.

[Fong]

Shall I open it, sir?

[Vito Corleone]

Open the door. Open the door.

[Chen]

Open the door. Smash it down.

[Vito Corleone]

Yes, sir. That's it. You are fools. You are under arrest. What have we done that you will soon run. And you get away from that door. No. No. You will not pass here. No. Get away from door. No. Never. Never.

[Narrator]

Plan worked out by those experts at Mukden was beginning to unfold. The Tanaka Memorial was beginning to be translated into bombs and bullets and blood. Manchuria and Mongolia first. And then in 1937, China.

[Vito Corleone]

And by a coincidence, the Japanese attack on China as a result of the incident at the Marco Polo Bridge in Paiping came 10 years to the day after the Japanese drew up the Tanaka Memorial. Powerful Japanese columns. Extra. Extra. Japanese bomb Chinese civilians. Extra. Extra. Japanese bond Chinese civilians.

[Chen]

The Chinese are reeling under the lightning Japanese blow.

[Vito Corleone]

Jap columns with full equipment are smashing into China, thriving on the key military centers and sweeping all resistance. Read all of our Japanese forces. Shells Shanghai Jack. Read all the.

[Narrator]

Alone China stood up before this furious onslaught, fought with skill and courage, lost her entire coastline and retreated from a coastal plains to the hills of the interior. And there, with less material than any major power on earth, she successfully fought off attack after attack. As the years rolled by, the Japanese plan was unfolding, unfolding faster than we knew. After the fall of France, Japan moved into Indochina.

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[Narrator]

As the war with China drew into its fifth year, the Pacific was boiling. Now the Pacific War was creeping toward America. It struck with paralyzing power Pearl Harbor. The distant war in the Pacific became our wars. It became the war of all the peoples of the Pacific Basin. Our destiny in the Pacific was at stake, as well as the destiny of the Chinese, the Malaysians and the Polynesians. Now we understood China's plight. And now, at last, we responded.

[Japanese General]

Hey, Sergeant, there's land down there.

[Narrator]

Where are we?

[Vito Corleone]

You'll figure it out for yourself. We're flying east, aren't we?

[Japanese General]

Yeah, but we're not over Africa yet.

[Vito Corleone]

Well, relax.

[Japanese General]

If the skipper wanted you to know.

[Vito Corleone]

Where we're going, he'd have told you long before this.

[Japanese General]

But a whole heavy bombardment squadron like ours is taking off and heading east. Why hold these small stations?

[Narrator]

We're going to land. Flight to 4 mo b24 liberators swept down to a landing on Puerto Rico last February. There it was met by General H.H. arnold, commander of the United States Army Air Force, who with Field Marshal Sir John Dill, were just returning from a meeting with Generalissimo Chiang Kai Shek in Chungking, following the Casablanca conference. Up to this point, Puerto Rico, the heavy bombers did not know their destination. But now they did. General Arnold gave them the order. Chung King.

[Vito Corleone]

Pilot's a navigator. Pilot to navigator. When are we going to sight and land?

[Narrator]

Navigator to pilot.

[Vito Corleone]

We should S. Africa in five minutes.

[Japanese General]

It's getting colder. S. Look at the snow down there.

[Vito Corleone]

We're crossing the highest mountains in the world.

[Narrator]

Himalayas.

[Vito Corleone]

Navigator to pilots. Navigator to pilot. Go ahead, navigator.

[Narrator]

That's it.

[Vito Corleone]

That's it. Ahead of us there at 2 o'clock, that's Chongqing.

[Narrator]

American heavy bombers in Chung King, America speaking in terms of cold steel. But bombers are not enough. Bombers need ground crews and supplies. Gasoline, spare parts, bullets, bombs by ships. These were taken across the seas, then flown across India, across the Himalayas, into China.

[Chen]

Now, those are your orders. Any questions?

[Michael Corleone]

No.

[Vito Corleone]

Let's get going. Come on.

[Chen]

Very well, ma'am. That's all. Report to your planes. We'll take off at once.

[Narrator]

Eastward, east and south, across the Chinese plains to the shore of the Pacific, to the Japanese hell coast of China. Halfway around the world, these young Americans had come halfway and more. From Colorado and Utah where they had trained, across the nation to Puerto Rico, across the Atlantic to Africa, across Africa, across India, over the Himalayas. And now on the long, long mission from Tomb King to the sea. Navigated to.

[Vito Corleone]

Pilot. Spotted our target. 1030 o'clock. 1030 o'clock.

[Narrator]

Good.

[Vito Corleone]

That's it. All right, Pilot. The bombardier. Pilot. The bombardier. Target 1030 o'clock.

[Narrator]

Your ship, bomber pilot. Good.

[Vito Corleone]

Take her in. 2.2. Steady.

[Narrator]

Steady.

[Vito Corleone]

Bombs away.

[Narrator]

American bombers in the Far East. American bombs on Japanese health strongholds. Canton in South China, the great island of Hainan and Haiphong in French Indochina. But the road back is hard. The Japanese occupy Manchuria, the coast of China, the Philippines, Indochina, Thailand, the fabulously wealthy Netherland, Indies, Malaya, Burma, and a great portion of the Pacific basin itself. Japan stands astride Asia and looms over the horizon of the entire world. Before there can be peace in the Pacific, this power must be broken. We have only begun to understand this vast, unpeaceful sea and all the great its waters, many lands and islands and more than a billion people mean to us the significance of the events of the Pacific is a matter for one who knows the Pacific. Here is Owen Latimore, director of the School of International Relations at Johns Hopkins University.

[Michael Corleone]

Mr. Latimore, you have been hearing a story of how our enemies in the Pacific forced this war on us. In later programs, continuing the story of region after region, people after people, the Pacific story will have much to tell us of our friends as well as our enemies. Fortunately for us and for the future, our friends are even more important than our enemies. For this is not only a story of how free peoples take up arms when they are attacked. We are fighting for something as well as against something. And so are our allies, the United Nations. When the Pacific War began six years ago, long before the war in Europe, the Chinese resisted Japanese invasion because they too, had something to fight for, something more than their lands and their homes and their property. More than anything else, they fought because they had been making progress in creating a freer and better China, and because they refused to let the Japanese turn the clock back. That is one of the angles to the story of the Tanaka Memorial, which you heard being retold a few minutes ago. The Tanaka plot was hatched in a memorable year, 1927. That was the year when China's Nationalist armies under Chiang Kai Shek were uniting the divided country of China. The Japanese militarists did not want a united and progressive China. They wanted a weak, divided China. They wanted China to be ruled by corrupt politicians and militarists whom the Japanese could bribe and manipulate. So they gathered in haste to plan how to prevent Chinese unification and progress by force. That is why the Chinese to this day are fighting not only to stop the invasion begun in 1937, but for the right to continue their own Progress, launched in 1927. That creates a bond between America and China. Americans have always believed in the goodness of the future, in an expanding horizon. Today and tomorrow, our expanding horizon opens up for us wide vistas across the Pacific. As we move toward that new horizon, what is our advance to be like? Are we to thrust across the Pacific as better and tougher imperialists than the Japanese? Or are we going to make our mark in Asia as liberators and as allies of others who are fighting for liberty? Can we win without allies? And can we stay free unless others become free? There can be only one American answer. What we want is liberty, and we feel kinship with others who want liberty. Luckily for us, we can find that kinship. Our first great advantage is that we have a good name across the Pacific. There is not a people in Asia which believes that America wants to conquer and possess their territory. Our second great advantage is that, thanks primarily to China, there is not a man, woman or child in Asia who does not know the idea of liberty or have the hunger for liberty. And don't forget, there are Japanese also on our side. The conquered Japanese, conquered by their own militarists, brave men and women, beaten and jailed and powerless until the Japanese military are beaten and the military legend shattered. Every step of Japan's imperialistic aggression abroad has been prepared for by a step in the suppression of the Japanese people. So today the issues are clear, as clear in our enemy's camp as they are in ours. But because we understand what the war is about, we need all the more to understand the peoples who are fighting the war. We are in this war side by side with people who in these modern days drive tractor sleds as well as dog sleds in the Arctic. In it with people who earn their living standing knee deep in the mud of rice paddies. In it with Malays and Indonesians and Polynesians who made prodigious ocean voyages in canoes before Balboa ever saw the Pacific. In it with Australians and New Zealanders who live where it is summer at Christmas time. Most of these people are different from us in many ways. And like us in some ways. What is it that counts? The difference or the likeness? In China, a whole people have won recognition as full equals among the free, self governing peoples because they proved by fighting that they could survive unconquered in the Philippines. We taught a people the ways of democracy and prepared them for the practice of democracy. President Roosevelt has said that he thinks that the Philippines are a very good model for other countries. Chiang Kai Shek of China has just put forward another suggestion. In a very important message to us Americans and to all the other United nations, he says that it is our moral duty to create freedom. Some people are not yet ready for it, but we should create the conditions under which they can have it when they are ready for it. That opens up a lot of ideas. Here we have one of the great figures of Asiatic history who restates in his own way what Lincoln meant when he said that America could not survive half slave and half free. We must not close the doors of opportunity. Freedom does not stand still. Freedom advances. Unless more and more men are becoming free all the time. Freedom becomes less real for those who are still nominally free. When Hitler denied freedom to the Jews, he limited freedom for other Germans too. When we, on the other hand, said to the Filipinos, you shall be free, we created by those words a reality for which the Filipinos would fight and are still fighting. Maybe that is the chapter of the future in the Pacific structure. Maybe out of many cultures, languages, religions, races, there is coming into being something new. Not a dead level on which all men are the same, but a wide level on which many people, diverse in their history and different in their present lives, may yet have under their feet the firm ground of freedom.

[Owen Latimore]

Thank you, Mr. Latimore. You have just heard the first program of the new series, the Pacific Story. Next week at this same time over most of these stations. The second will be broadcast. Alaska, America's New Frontier. With drama of the past and present and commentary by Owen Latimore, authority on the Pacific and recently political advisor to Generalissimo Chiang Kai Shek. You may secure an illuminating handbook of the Pacific Story which gives background information on each program in this series with suggested further reading. This Pacific Story manual will be sent to you for $0.25 coin to cover cost of printing and mailing. Address the University of California Press, Berkeley, California. I'll repeat the address. The University of California Press, Berkeley, California. The Pacific Story is written and directed by Arnold Marquis. The musical score is composed and conducted by Charles Dant. Your narrator, Pedro de Cordova. This program has been presented as a public service and another feature of the Inter American University of the Air by the National Broadcasting Company and the independent radio stations associated with the NBC network. This is the National Broadcasting Company.

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