HISTORY This Week: Bill W.'s Last Drink and the Birth of Alcoholics Anonymous
Episode Release Date: December 9, 2024
Introduction to Bill Wilson's Turning Point
In this compelling episode of HISTORY This Week, host Sally Helm delves into the pivotal moment in 1934 that not only transformed the life of Bill Wilson but also laid the foundation for Alcoholics Anonymous (AA), a program that has since aided millions in overcoming alcoholism.
Bill Wilson's Struggles with Alcoholism
The episode opens with Bill Wilson's tumultuous journey through alcoholism. On December 11, 1934, Wilson, grappling with severe addiction, finds himself penniless with only six cents for his subway fare. Determined to have one last drink, he purchases four bottles of beer with his remaining penny—a decision that would mark a critical crossroads in his life.
Bill Wilson (00:30:16): "I'm done. It's over. Today's the day."
Despite his declaration, Wilson consumes the beers, leading to a relapse that underscores the relentless grip of addiction.
Attempts at Treatment and Meeting Dr. William Silkworth
Desperate for help, Wilson checks into Towns Hospital, a facility renowned for treating alcoholism. Here, he meets Dr. William Silkworth, whose progressive view of alcoholism as an "allergy" rather than a mere failure of willpower offers a new perspective on treatment.
Bill Wilson (00:12:01): "He's having problems during those times... I mean, we're talking Prohibition here, folks."
Dr. Silkworth introduces Wilson to various treatments, including the controversial belladonna therapy, which unfortunately leads to another relapse for Wilson shortly after his discharge.
The White Light Experience
During his final stay at Towns Hospital, Wilson experiences what he describes as a "white light experience," a profound moment of clarity and spiritual awakening that he credits with his eventual sobriety.
Bill Wilson (00:17:22): "Then came the blazing thought, you are a free man."
Despite skepticism from others who attributed this experience to the effects of belladonna, Wilson remains steadfast in his belief that this mystical encounter was the key to his recovery.
Founding of Alcoholics Anonymous
Empowered by his newfound sobriety, Wilson collaborates with Dr. Bob Smith, another recovering alcoholic, to establish AA. Their approach emphasizes mutual support, with each member sharing their story to help others overcome addiction.
Bill Wilson (00:20:00): "He was really pushing, kind of a singular religious, you need to get yourself a white light experience kind of solution."
The duo's efforts culminate in the publication of the Big Book in 1939, which outlines the 12-step program that has become synonymous with AA.
Publishing the Big Book and Growth of AA
Initially priced at $3.50—a steep cost at the time—the Big Book struggled to gain traction until a favorable review in the Saturday Evening Post catapulted its sales. Within two years, AA expanded to 8,000 members and soon became an international movement.
Bill Wilson (00:29:31): "Wilson supposedly asked the printer to put it on the thickest paper possible so that it looks like something that's worth $3.50."
The book's success was instrumental in establishing AA's credibility and reach, fostering a network of support that transcended geographical boundaries.
Principles and Structure of Alcoholics Anonymous
AA operates on principles of anonymity and peer support, ensuring that members remain humble and focused on recovery rather than personal accolades. The introduction of sponsors—sober individuals guiding newcomers through the 12 steps—strengthened the program's effectiveness.
Bill Wilson (00:26:25): "They got 40 people, Silver. We got 40 people, Silver. It's been two and a half years here..."
Impact and Legacy of Alcoholics Anonymous
By the time of Bill Wilson's death in 1971, AA had grown to half a million members across 15,000 groups worldwide. Despite criticisms regarding its scientific backing and one-size-fits-all approach, studies, such as one published in the Journal of Addictive Diseases, have demonstrated AA's efficacy in maintaining sobriety.
Bill Wilson (00:32:45): "They saved millions and millions and millions of people's lives in the last 80, 85 years."
AA's influence continues to expand, adapting its foundational principles to support diverse populations struggling with alcoholism.
Conclusion: Bill Wilson's Enduring Legacy
Bill Wilson remains a revered figure within AA, often hailed as a beacon of hope for those battling addiction. His insistence on anonymity preserved the organization's integrity, allowing the program to flourish without personal ego overshadowing its mission.
Bill Wilson (00:31:58): "A man with clay feet, like all of us... thank God for Bill Wilson."
The episode underscores Wilson's remarkable journey from despair to purpose, highlighting how his personal triumph over alcoholism forged a path for others to achieve sobriety and reclaim their lives.
Notable Quotes:
- Bill Wilson (00:17:22): "Then came the blazing thought, you are a free man."
- Bill Schaberg (00:32:45): "A man with clay feet, like all of us... thank God for Bill Wilson."
Production Credits:
- Host: Sally Helm
- Special Guest: Bill Schaberg, author of Writing the Big: The Creation of AA
- Producers: David Weisbord, Ben Dickstein
- Executive Producers: Eli Lehrer, Liv Fiddler
- Production Partner: Back Pocket Studios in partnership with the History Channel
For more insightful stories and historical deep-dives, stay tuned to HISTORY This Week, available on all major podcast platforms.