← Legends of the Old West
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On a cold spring morning in 1888, Sheriff Cyrus Shores escorted a scruffy, slender man into a jail cell in Montrose, Colorado. The man was Charles Lawrence, an accused wife killer from Wyoming. Sheriff Shores found Lawrence in his county and agreed to send him back to Wyoming to stand trial. Except Charles Lawrence was actually Charlie Siringo, and he was hired by Shores to investigate three men suspected of robbing a train. Those three men were now Siringo's cellmates since becoming a detective for the Pinkerton Agency. CH Charlie Siringo was always playing a character. But before becoming an operative, Siringo had spent 15 years as a cowboy in his home state of Texas. His extensive time on the range gave him tracking skills and the ability to handle tough characters. Siringo had retired from cowboy life and moved to Chicago, but no sooner had he arrived than the Haymarket affair exploded. The violence convinced Siringo he needed to become a detective. Once hired, the Pinkertons sent Siringo to Denver. For two years, Siringo went undercover and infiltrated various gangs in order to bring lawbreakers to justice, which was why he was now undercover in a Montrose jail cell. In the spring of 1888, Siringo introduced himself as Lawrence to his new cellmates, two brothers known as Smith and their friend Ed Rhodes. Siringo regaled them with false tales of his outlaw exploits, and his cellmates believed the lies. They welcomed him as a fellow desperado. And for the next two weeks, the four men swapped stories of crimes they had committed in Kansas, Colorado and Wyoming. Siringo was such a good actor, his cellmates were willing to share some of their most intimate secrets, including the train robbery, which was the primary goal of Siringo's mission. That train robbery had occurred back in November 1887. The three robbers boarded a train outside Grand Junction, Colorado. They robbed the passengers, fled to Green River, Utah and hid for several months. Somehow, the details aren't clear. The three robbers had been captured and wound up in Sheriff Shore's custody. But Shores needed a confession, and Charlie Siringo had just secured it. Two weeks later, Sheriff Shores played the last card in the theatrical game. He slapped a pair of handcuffs on Siringo's wrists and told him it was time to head to Wyoming to face justice for killing his wife. When Siringo was out of jail, he told Sheriff Shores all that he had learned from the accused train robbers. Thanks to Siringo, the Smith brothers and Ed Rhodes were sentenced to seven years in prison. Meanwhile, Siringo boarded a train back to Denver with another successful job in the books. When he returned home, he discovered that an old nemesis was no longer a problem, and he had a new boss in the Denver office. From Black Barrel Media, this is Legends of the Old West. I'm your host, Chris Wimmer, and this season we're focusing on the famous Pinkerton detective agency and two of its most famous operatives, James McParland and Charlie Siringo. This is episode five, Charlie Siringo part two. Into the Mines. Pinkerton detective James McParland arrived in Denver while Charlie Siringo was chasing an escaped outlaw named Bill McCoy in Wyoming. By then, McParland was the agency's most famous operative, and he was sent to Denver to evaluate the newest office of the agency. What he found did not please. McParland witnessed the blatant corruption of Superintendent Charles Eames, which Siringo had been dealing with for the past two years. Eames had used the agency to line his own pockets, and for some reason, he didn't hide his illicit activity from James McParland. Or if he did, he was bad at it. McParland notified his boss, William Pinkerton, and Pinkerton fired everyone in the Denver office except Charlie Siringo. When Siringo returned from his undercover mission in the Montrose jail, he learned that his new boss was James McParland. McParland was given full control of the Denver office, and he immediately began shifting the focus of its cases. McParland had a history of going against labor unions because he believed they were a hotbed of terrorism. So that would be the new priority for the western branch of the agency, infiltrating unions. In August 1889, McParland called Siringo into his office. There, Siringo met an executive who worked for the Price and Peltier Mining Company. McParland and the mining executive explained the details of Siringo's next case. Price and Peltier Mining was located in Tuscarora, Nevada. Tuscarora had become a booming silver and gold mining town over the past two decades. The transcontinental railroad across the Nevada desert had been completed 20 years earlier, and the nearest stop to Tuscarora was 40 miles south in Elko. The railroad brought floods of people west, and during the era of prosperity, mine owners got rich and miners did not. By 1889, tensions between the two sides were ready to boil over. One Evening in April, C.W. price and George Peltier, the owners of Price and Peltier Mining, called it a night and retreated to their respective beds in Tuscarora. As each was on the verge of falling asleep, bombs exploded under their beds. Peltier was thrown out of his cabin, but landed on his mattress. He miraculously didn't suffer any major injuries. Price landed on the hard ground and did sustain chronic injuries which would trouble him for the rest of his life. James McParland instructed Charlie Siringo to find the man who tried to kill Peltier and Price. Before going to Tuscarora, Siringo headed west to San Francisco and met with George Peltier, who had left the mining camp for safer environs of the big city. Peltier gave Siringo a list of possible suspects or associates of suspects. The list of suspects had been produced by a different agency which had tried and failed to apprehend the possible bombers. With the list in hand, Charlie headed across the Sierra Nevada mountains, the desert of Nevada. When he arrived in Elko, he boarded a stagecoach for the trip up to Tuscarora. As luck would have it, he met one of the people on Peltier's list, Phil Snyder. Supposedly Snider was friends with some of the suspects. During the ride, Siringo presented himself as Leon, a Texas gun for hire, and to prove his skills with a pistol, Siringo shot and killed a coyote. As the stagecoach bounced along the rocky road, Snyder was impressed. When they reached Tuscarora, Snyder quickly introduced Siringo to his mining friends. Word of Siringo's ability soon reached a miner named Tim Wright. Wright was near the top of the list of bombing suspects. Siringo conducted a demonstration of his marksmanship for Wright, and the display seemed to win over the miner. Wright could always use a man who was was handy with a gun. Over the next few days, Siringo hung around Wright and his friends and learned more about the miners who worked for Price and Peltier. A man who was known only as Wild Bill divulged quite a bit of information. According to Wild Bill, Tim Wright was definitely one of the organizers of the assassination plot, but he also had a partner, a miner named Blackjack Griffin. Wild Bill was positive that Tim Wright and Blackjack Griffin were the bombers. Siringo figured out his next move. He needed a confession, and after spending time with Tim Wright, Siringo was convinced he could get the miner to talk. His plan ended up involving a journey of more than a thousand miles and a scheme to find riches in Oklahoma.
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People close to Tim Wright started to become suspicious of the newcomer who called himself Leon. And one of the most suspicious was the other bomber, Blackjack Griffin. As Siringo and Wright became increasingly close, Griffin cast distrustful glances at Siringo. Siringo must have known that it was only a matter of time before he was called out. He also assumed that the only way to get Wright to talk was if the two men were nowhere near the mines or the Union. So Siringo suggested that he and Wright search for gold in the Wichita Mountains of Oklahoma. Wright readily agreed. Wright's friends tried to convince him not to go, but Wright ignored them. Siringo and Wright left Nevada sometime in late 1889 or early 1890. They took a stagecoach to Denver, and Siringo hoped he could wrangle a confession out of Wright by the time they reached the city. But Wright said nothing about the bombing. All he wanted to talk about was gold. From Denver, they hopped a train to Wichita Falls, Texas. Siringo and Wright left Wichita Falls on horseback and rode 60 miles north to the Wichita Mountains in Oklahoma. Siringo suggested they ask permission to mine for gold on tribal lands. The mountains stretched across the reservations of the Comanche, Kiowa, Arapaho, Cheyenne, and others. Siringo and Wright were denied a permit, but they went ahead anyway. For more than a month, the two men searched for gold while dodging tribal police. The COVID evasion of authorities brought Siringo and Wright closer together as friends, and one night while they camped under the stars, Wright confessed to bombing Price and Peltier. Siringo didn't record the details of how he was able to get Wright to open up. But Wright gave Siringo everything. According to Wright, he and his accomplices cut the dynamite fuses the same length and lit them at the same time. The hope was that Price and Peltier would quote Sprout Angel Wings together and Wright admitted to being the one who put the dynamite under Price's bed. Now that Siringo had the confession, he needed to get Wright back to Denver as soon as possible. Luckily, their time in the Wichita mountains proved to be a bust and they found very little gold. So they packed up their things and rode to Denver. When they reached the city, Tim Wright was immediately arrested and thrown in jail. C.W. price traveled to Denver and when he stood at the bars of Wright's jail cell, Wright broke down and made a full confession. Wright agreed to turn on his co conspirators in exchange for his freedom. Unfortunately for the mining company in the Pinkertons, Wright's co conspirator, Blackjack Griffin, had fled to South Africa and was beyond the reach of Charlie Siringo. After nine months of work and a ton of travel, the Tuscarora case was closed. Unfortunately for Siringo, he returned home to tragedy instead of triumph. Around the time Charlie Siringo started the Tuscarora case, at the end of 1889, his wife Mamie fell ill. She developed pleurisy, a disease in the lungs, and went back home to Springfield, Missouri. While Siringo was away, Mamie had surgery. Sadly, the operation didn't work. In the late summer of 1890, she returned to Denver to be with her husband. Mamie's health quickly deteriorated and she died at the end of August. Siringo was left to raise a five year old daughter. Between the pressures of being a single parent and grieving, Siringo spiraled. He took to the bottle and became violent and erratic. Siringo's boss, James McParland was there for the grieving widower. McParland seemed to believe that the best thing for Siringo was to get out of Denver. In the summer of 1891, a year after Mamie's death, McParlin called Siringo into his office and told him about a disturbing situation in the Idaho Panhandle. It came as no surprise to Siringo that the case involved a conflict between miners and mine owners. But that mining case turned out to be different from the others. Gold was discovered in the Idaho Panhandle around 1883 along the Coeur d' Alene River. The discovery didn't spark a gold rush on the same level as Nevada, California or the Black Hills. But it did lure its fair share of prospectors to a region that was only lightly touched by westward migration up to that time. Soon new arrivals carved crude towns like Gem and Bear out of the pine trees. And as the early mines turned into large companies, labor unions formed. The first union formed in 1887 and caused a domino effect in the region. In 1891, separate unions decided to join together into a single organization. They didn't name their new group, they weren't that organized. But their effort was a sign of bigger things to come. A few weeks later, the mining companies decided to join forces and create their own organization and called the Mine Owners Protective association of Coeur d'. Alene. Throughout the spring of 1891, tensions between the union organization and the owners association simmered. And that was when the owners hired the Pinkerton Agency to send an undercover agent into the union. In the summer of 1891, James McParlin wanted to assign Charlie Siringo. But when McParlin told Siringo about the assignment, he Siringo refused. While Siringo had no problem chasing murderers, thieves and would be assassins, he didn't like the thought of spying on hardworking laborers. He told McParland that he actually sided with the miners in their fight against the owners. McParland relented and sent another agent to Idaho. Unfortunately, that agent was discovered and chased out of town. So McParland went back to Siringo and asked again. Siringo accepted on one condition. If he believed the miners were in the right and the owners were in the wrong, he was allowed to call off the whole thing. In September 1891, 36 year old Charlie Siringo left Denver and traveled north. After giving it some thought, he decided to make the town of Jem his base of operations. Jem had a reputation for being the home of some of the toughest men in the mines, which Siringo loved. His initial plan was simple. Survey the situation, then determine if the case was worth pursuing. For two weeks, Siringo ate, drank and talked with the miners in the area. In those two weeks, Siringo didn't like what he saw and he needed to let McParlin know. One evening, Siringo slipped out of Jem and walked four miles down the road to the town of Wallace to make sure his message stayed secret. One of Siringo's letters said, quote, I find the leaders of the Coeur d' Alene unions to be as a rule a vicious Heartless gang of anarchists. Many of them were rocked in the cradle of anarchy at Butte City, Montana. While others were escaped outlaws and toughs from other states. Siringo was convinced the union leaders were exploiting the miners and he was now fully committed to infiltrating the Coeur d' alene unions. For two weeks in September 1891, Charlie Siringo surveyed the tensions between the miners union and the mine owners. But Siringo wasn't the only one doing some investigating. Siringo arrived in the Idaho panhandle under the alias Charles Allison. And before long union leaders wanted to know more about the stranger named Allison. Around September 19th Siringo was told to visit George Pettibone, the union's treasury secretary. Siringo was understandably concerned that his true identity might have been discovered. But when he met with Pettibone he was surprised to learn that Pettibone wanted to offer him a job in the union. Siringo, the graceful liar, had made a good impression on Pettibone and other prominent union members during the past two weeks. Now Pettibone wanted Siringo to become recording secretary. Siringo accepted and when it was put to a vote the other leaders agreed. All of a sudden Charlie Siringo was in charge of keeping detailed accounts of the inner workings of the labor union. Details he could then pass along to James McParland as the man who kept the minutes of the meetings. Siringo was now one of the most important men in the union. Over the next several months Siringo continued to play the ever loyal Mr. Allison, taking notes of union meetings and sending them to the Pinkerton office in Denver. For the most part things were quiet. There was still an undercurrent of tension between the miners and the owners of. But nothing major happened as 1891 drew to a close. Then in early 1892 the Union called for a strike. The mining companies had just reduced miners wages in response to a railroad transportation dispute regarding ore. The union didn't like the sudden cut in pay and the men put down their tools. As expected, the owners called in scabs. Throughout the spring and early summer of 1892 the Union quietly planned a response to the incoming scabs. At the start of July Siringo learned that the main union and smaller unions across the region were going to coordinate some sort of act of violence. When Siringo knew more of the details he was ready to warn the Pinkertons in Denver. But then he abruptly learned that his own survival was at risk. A man named Tim o' Leary had arrived from Butte, Montana, with a single to find the rat who was leaking union secrets to the press. As it turned out, a newspaper that supported the mine owners was publishing highly sensitive information about union activities. The only explanation was there was a spy in the union. Within a few days, o' Leary suspected Charlie Siringo, AKA Charles Allison, was the spy. O' Leary had become curious about the man with the Texas accent. So o' Leary decided to lay a trap for Siringo. One evening, during a union meeting, o' Leary stood and announced that there was a traitor in their midst and the traitor should leave town. The purpose of Oleary's outburst was was to get the crowd riled up. And it worked. Siringo listened to Oleary's speech and clapped along. But deep down, he suspected that o' Leary had eyes on him. During a break, o' Leary asked if he could look at Siringo's official logbook. Siringo handed it over. Ten minutes later, o' Leary and some men approached Siringo with a why was there a page torn out? That page was important because it included details of a union plan to flood a mine full of scabs as a way to strike back against the owners. Without missing a beat, Siringo claimed that the union's president, Oliver Hughes, ordered him to remove the page. O' Leary called Siringo a liar and was ready to pounce. But Hughes said that he did in fact order Siringo to remove the page and destroy it because it was so incriminating. Siringo had removed the page as instructed, though of course he didn't destroy it. He sent it to the mine owners. The support from Oliver Hughes defused the immediate situation. But o' Leary remained convinced that Siringo was a traitor. And then, shortly after Siringo narrowly avoided one instance of discovery, he faced another. A fugitive from his recent past showed up in Idaho, of all places.
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Shortly after the close call of the union meeting, Siringo learned from a woman at his boarding house that a man had been watching the house and Siringo himself. When the woman informed Siringo of the stranger, she said the man was outside. Right now, he was across the street. And when Siringo looked outside, he couldn't believe his eyes. It was Black Jack Griffin, Tim Wright's partner from the Tuscarora dynamite case. Griffin had allegedly fled to South Africa around the time that Siringo had organized the arrest of Tim Wright. Wherever Griffin had gone to avoid capture, he was now in Idaho. And he was the one person in the area who could confirm that there was something suspicious about the man who called himself Charles Allison. Griffin didn't know Siringo's true identity, but he knew that Siringo had not used the name Allison in Nevada. Three years earlier, Siringo had called himself Leon. Griffin was suspicious of Leon then, and he was even more suspicious of Allison now. Over the next few days, Siringo kept an eye out for Blackjack Griffin. He noticed Griffin prowling around town and talking with Tim o'. Leary. Before long, miners began to turn their backs on Siringo. Those who remained friendly warned Siringo that he was a marked man. Word was that Siringo would be killed at the next union meeting. Siringo's friends advised him to leave town, but Siringo thought he might be able to salvage the mission. The next union meeting was on July 9. Siringo went to the union hall and handed in his resignation letter, both as secretary and as a member of the union. He continued to deny that he was a traitor or a detective, but he figured it was best if he quit. Siringo hoped that put an end to the suspicion, but he couldn't have been more wrong. Shortly after delivering his resignation letter, Siringo learned from a fellow miner that blood was going to be spilled very soon, and it was inspired by a strike that was currently happening in Pennsylvania. 2000 miles to the east, in Homestead, steelworkers had just gone to battle with Carnegie Steel and Pinkerton agents. In a morning of gunfire and cannon Fire. At least seven people had been killed. It was a day of total chaos and a long struggle. And the miner in Idaho told Siringo that what they were planning to do was would make Homestead look like child's play. To get things started, the union was going to murder a couple scabs at Dutch Henry's saloon. Siringo couldn't let that happen. Around 11:30pm Siringo entered Dutch Henry's and watched as a group of miners fed drinks to the intended victims. Siringo sat in the corner sipping a beer and waiting for the moment to intervene without blowing his cover. But that moment never came. A crowd of angry miners surrounded Siringo and demanded that he leave the bar. Siringo objected and told them he would leave when he was ready. But the crowd grew to around 30 angry men. Siringo pulled his pistol and said he would kill any man who tried to jump him. Siringo slowly made his way out of the saloon and back to his boarding house. The mob followed him home and surrounded the building. For a few moments, Siringo was convinced he was trapped and this was the end. Then he noticed that an open back window led to an alley. When he looked outside, he saw the alley was empty. With his Winchester in hand, Siringo jumped out of the window, crawled down the alley and escaped into the night. Siringo still wanted to make sure the two scabs were okay. He rushed to the mine to find them. When he arrived, he discovered that the two men had been severely beaten. One was barely hanging on. Knowing that he couldn't go to a doctor in Jem, Siringo ran four miles to the town of Wallace to get help. Luckily, a doctor was willing to see the injured men. Once the doctor had been summoned, Siringo needed to warn the mine owners of the impending trouble. Now none of the mine owners were in town, but Siringo learned that a secretary was in Wallace. Siringo rushed over to the secretary's house and told him that war was coming to the area. The secretary thanked Siringo and advised him to flee, but Siringo refused. He had enlisted in a war and he was going to see it through to the end. The next morning, Siringo took a train back to Jem. He ran to his boarding house, readied his Winchester and ammunition and waited to see what kind of hell would break loose. Around 6am on July 11, 1892, a large group of Union men met outside the Frisco mill to protest the scabs. During the gathering, someone fired a shot which sparked a chain reaction. Soon the entire area erupted in bloodshed. During the battle, George Pettibone, the man who brought Siringo into the union, and a crew of miners filled a train car with 750 pounds of explosives and rolled it into the Frisco mine. The train car exploded and destroyed the mine. In the melee, many of the union men wanted to bring the traitor Charles Allison to justice. Word quickly spread to Siringo that he was going to be lynched. Siringo's boarding house was being watched and he couldn't escape. But maybe he could hide. With the help of a woman named Mrs. Shipley who had warned him about the presence of Blackjack Griffin, Siringo cut a hole in the home's floorboards and slipped under the house. Within a few minutes there was a loud knock at the door. Mrs. Shipley answered and was confronted by Tim O' Leary and a mob of miners. They demanded to know where Siringo was because they planned on burning him alive. Mrs. Shipley bravely told O' Leary that she had no clue where he was at and to do his worst. Hiding under the floorboards with the mob just above him, Siringo looked around for a way out. He spotted a hole which was big enough to crawl through. The hole took him to the boardwalk outside. Siringo stayed under the boardwalk and and crawled the length of three buildings before finally emerging and fleeing into the woods. Later that day, the rioters turned their attention to the nearby gem mine and threatened to bomb it. The owners of the mine decided it was more important to save the mine and the lives of the temporary workers, so they agreed to surrender it to the union men. The scabs laid down their weapons and were told to leave the area when the dust settled around. Six men had been killed and dozens injured. But the union men had won the battle. Unfortunately for them, their victory was short lived. Word of the violence reached the Governor of Idaho and he quickly declared martial law. On July 14, Siringo watched from the hills as as federal soldiers and the state militia arrived in town. Over the next two days, troops regained order in Jem Wallace and the surrounding towns. Between 300 and 600 union members were rounded up and placed in bullpens. Most were eventually released without being formally charged. But quite a few, including George Pettibone, faced charges of criminal conspiracy. When the trials began in August, Charlie Siringo testified against the union. More than any other case thus far, Siringo had vivid and incriminating details against the defendants. In the end, 18 union leaders, including Pettibone were convicted of criminal conspiracy and contempt of court. Pettibone was sentenced to two years in prison and sent to Detroit, but he only served about a year. The U.S. supreme Court reversed the decisions against all the union leaders. Pettibone returned to Idaho and helped create a new organization, the Western Federation of Miners, which would become a prominent player in the ongoing union wars of the next 25 years. Meanwhile, Charlie Siringo returned to Denver. He had spent a little over a year in Coeur d', Alene, and the experience lack of left a bitter taste in his mouth. He genuinely liked the miners he had come to know, but he felt that good workers had been seduced by bad leaders. Luckily for Siringo, he wouldn't have to deceive honest miners anymore. His last major assignment would be to chase two of the most famous train robbers in American history. Next time on Legends of the Old West, Charlie Siringo goes undercover in search of Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid. It becomes his longest case and it takes him all over the West. But Butch and Sundance are slippery characters. To round out his career, Siringo has one final run in with George Pettibone and the Western Federation of Miners. That's next week on the season finale of Pinkerton's here on Legends of the Old West. Members of our Black Barrel program don't have to wait week to week to receive new episodes. They receive the entire season to binge all at once with no commercials, and they also receive exclusive bonus episodes. Sign up now through the link in the show Notes or On our website blackbarrow media.com memberships are just $5 per month. This episode was researched, written and produced by Joe Garra. Original music by Rob Valier. I'm Chris Wimmer. Thanks for listening.
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