Roy Choi's tips for healthy and flavorful meals

Summary

Life Kit — Roy Choi’s Tips for Healthy and Flavorful Meals

Host: Marielle Segarra (NPR)
Guest: Roy Choi, Chef and author
Date: October 16, 2025

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Episode Overview

In this episode, Marielle Segarra interviews acclaimed chef Roy Choi about how to make healthy, nourishing meals that are never bland or boring. Roy shares practical tips from his new cookbook The Choi of Cooking, discussing the importance of prep, the fundamentals of building flavor, and how to use everyday ingredients to transform home cooking. The discussion is lively, poetic, and full of immediately actionable advice for cooks of all levels.

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Key Discussion Points and Insights

1. Why Healthy Food Doesn’t Have to Be Boring

• Roy acknowledges his own journey: as a chef, he often ate processed, unhealthy food, despite making nutrient-rich dishes for others.

  • Quote:

    "I have been filling my body with preservatives and fast food and processed food my whole life...But we're sometimes abusive to ourselves and so I had to confront it and figure out how can I make the food more delicious but better for me."
    — Roy Choi [02:05]

• Principle: Healthy food can and should be flavorful and enjoyable, not just something to “get through.”

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2. The Non-Negotiable Power of Preparation

• If your fridge is stocked with vegetables but you don’t have a plan or prep, you’ll struggle to eat well. Roy’s “hack”:

  • Devote 2 hours each week to washing, cutting, and storing veggies and fruits—just like restaurant prep.
  • Prepare a few flavorful pastes, vinaigrettes, or sauces to keep in the fridge.
  • Quote:

    "Nothing happens unless you prep."
    — Roy Choi [05:45]

• With everything prepped and ready, assembling meals becomes as easy as grabbing a snack.

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3. Aromatics: The Heart of Flavor

• Aromatics like onions, garlic, ginger, and green onion (the “GGs”) release fragrance and depth when sautéed in oil.

  • This is a universal principle across cuisines (Chinese GGs, French mirepoix, New Orleans holy trinity).
  • Quote:

    "Any wok dish that you eat that's going to start with ginger garlic scallion. Boom, boom, boom, boom, boom. That creates the fragrant aroma and flavor. It permeates the oil, it seasons the pan."
    — Roy Choi [06:14]

• Tip: Peel garlic cloves in advance (not minced) and store airtight; fresher is best, but prepped is better than untouched, stale garlic.

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4. Herbs: Dried vs. Fresh

• Dried herbs work well for brines, rubs, and soups; fresh herbs shine in vinaigrettes or as finishing touches.
  • More is often more: don’t limit yourself to one type.
  • Dried seeds like dill or fennel can offer unique flavor.
  • Quote:

    "If you can use fresh herbs on top of that, more the better. This is not a case of, like, less is more. This is a case of more is more."
    — Roy Choi [08:05]

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5. Oils and Fats for Maximum Flavor

• Essential staples:
  • A high-quality olive oil—“something you could drink.”
  • Cooking olive oil or grapeseed oil.
  • Fragrant oils (e.g., sesame oil) for a unique flavor hit.
  • Sesame oil is versatile: use in marinades, vinaigrettes, stir-fries, or as a drizzle over soups.
  • Quote:

    "It's great for instant sauces...drizzle or a dipping for anything, for wontons, even bread or vegetables."
    — Roy Choi [09:33]

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6. Salt and Pepper: Respect the Basics

• Get rid of iodized salt—opt for kosher salt for more control and less salinity. Use flaky sea salt or fleur de sel as a finishing touch.

  • Quote:

    "Kick the iodized salt as far as you can away from you."
    — Roy Choi [11:11]

• For black pepper: buy whole peppercorns and grind fresh, just as professional kitchens do.

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7. Flavor Bomb Ingredients—Rapid Fire Advice

(Marielle lists ingredients from Roy's book for quick advice.)

• Cheese: Let it come to room temperature for best flavor. [12:38]
• MSG:

  "It's like a hidden umami special little friend...If you put it at the end of a sauce, if you mix it into your stir fry or fried rice...it's going to bring that hidden thing where other people say, what is that? I can't put my finger on that. Anytime someone says they can't put their finger on something, it's usually MSG."
  — Roy Choi [12:54]

• Soy Sauce: A top-5 essential ingredient worldwide. Just rice and soy sauce can be a meal. [13:41]
• Hot Sauce: Roy eats hot sauce on almost everything—even ice cream. [14:04]
• Gochujang:

  "It is our secret living ferment of life...you just use it, like for anything and everything."
  — Roy Choi [14:50]

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8. Recipe Highlights

The Feel Good Sandwich [17:43]

• Tastes as indulgent as a Philly cheesesteak or a Reuben, but packed with marinated and grilled vegetables like eggplant, zucchini, squash, tomatoes, fresh basil, and portobello mushrooms.

  • Marinate, season, and cook each element separately, layer flavors, and use pastes for deep, satisfying umami.

• Feeling Full:

  "What makes them eat like a meat sandwich or not leave you hungry is...all treated with their own care...when you're done, you've eaten like eggplant, zucchini, squash, tomatoes, basil and so you're feeling great."
  — Roy Choi [18:20]

Bom Ka Chowder (Sour Soup) [19:35]

• Inspired by Southeast Asian soups (Tom Yum, Bonka), this chowder delivers a punch of sourness unexpected in Western chowders.
• Celebrates the global love of sour flavors and invites listeners to explore beyond familiar taste boundaries.
  • Quote:

    "Where I'm leading towards is that soups being sour is not something that we're necessarily running towards in Western culture, but in Thai culture and in Southeast Asian culture, soups and sauces being sour is like something you wake up from a dream about..."
    — Roy Choi [19:45]

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9. Pro Kitchen Tip: Keep Spoons Handy

• Always have a handful of tasting spoons within reach while you cook.
  • Tasting lets you adjust and create—much like a painter having all their brushes and colors at hand.
  • Quote:

    "You have to provide yourself the ability to be your own Jackson Pollock in a way...Have a ton of spoons and spatulas and scissors and knives...so that way, when you're cooking, you're able to grab things and taste things, and it will just allow you to go deeper into cooking because the utensils and the ingredients are right at your fingertips."
    — Roy Choi [20:46]

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Notable Quotes & Memorable Moments

• On Minced Garlic in a Jar:

  "It's kind of like when you're getting dressed, if you. Got something like kind of whack on...but you could layer it...and then you might look okay and then it's kind of like that with minced garlic."
  — Roy Choi [01:17]

• On Hot Sauce on Sweets:

  "I put hot sauce on ice cream, believe it or not."
  — Roy Choi [14:20]

• On More vs. Less with Herbs:

  "This is not a case of, like, less is more. This is a case of more is more."
  — Roy Choi [08:05]

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Recap & Key Takeaways [21:46]

• Set aside weekly prep time—makes healthy eating effortless and accessible.
• Aromatics build the foundation of flavor. Experiment with combos from across the globe.
• Use the right salt and fresh ground pepper. Skip iodized.
• Flavor boosters: cheese (not the processed kind), MSG, soy sauce, hot sauce, gochujang.
• Keep utensils at hand so you can taste, adjust, and create on the fly.
• Have fun! Embrace flexibility and enjoyment in the kitchen.

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Timestamps for Important Segments

• 02:05 — Roy on his own journey to healthy, flavorful food
• 04:23 — The power and necessity of weekly meal prep
• 05:54 — Building flavor with aromatics (GGs, mirepoix, etc.)
• 07:59 — Dried vs. fresh herbs
• 08:51 — Choosing the right oils
• 11:11 — Salt and pepper: what kind and why
• 12:38 — Rapid fire: Cheese, MSG, Soy sauce, Hot sauce, Gochujang
• 17:43 — The Feel Good Sandwich
• 19:35 — Why sour soups deserve your love (Bom Ka Chowder)
• 20:46 — Why you need a mountain of spoons
• 21:46 — Recap and practical summary

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This episode blends Roy Choi’s deep passion for flavor with highly practical, approachable advice—leaving you inspired to both prep ahead and play with big, bold tastes every day.

Transcript

[A]

Support comes from our 2025 lead sponsor of Life Kit, Progressive Insurance. Progressive makes it easy to see if you could save when you bundle your home and auto policies. Try [e-mail] Progressive Casualty Insurance Company and affiliates. Potential savings will vary. Not available in all states.

[B]

You're listening to Life Kit from npr. Hey, it's Marielle. Before we start the episode, I want to thank you for listening to Life Kit and to ask you a favor. We'd love to know what you think about the podcast. Help us out, tell us what you like and how we can improve by completing a short anonymous [e-mail] lifekitsurvey. We'll also have a link in our episode description and thank you. Roy Choi has a way of talking about flavor. Ask him about an ingredient and he spits poetry. Take fresh garlic. When you slice it thin and slowly saute it in some olive oil, the flavors melt together in this awe inspiring way.

[C]

It becomes almost like a space black hole in a good way.

[B]

Or when I say what if you only have minced garlic in a jar? And he says, well, it's kind of like when you're getting dressed, if you.

[C]

Got something like kind of whack on, like not really great, but you could layer it. You know, you could like put a cardigan and then a sweater over the top and a scarf and then a big puffer on top of that and then put a beanie on and then you might look okay and then it's kind of like that with minced garlic.

[B]

Roy is the chef and co owner of Koji BBQ and Tacos Porvida in Los Angeles. He's also the co host of the Netflix cooking series the Chef show with Jon Favreau. And we've established that he is in love with flavor. So I trust him when he says that food that's good for you does not have to be bland or hard to swallow. That is a guiding principle of his new cookbook, the Choy of Cooking, which he co wrote with Tin Nguyen and Natasha Fan. Roy says for a long time he wasn't eating foods that nourished his body.

[C]

I have been filling my body with preservatives and fast food and processed food my whole life. And it's weird because I'm a chef, so I know how it is to eat well and I prep food that is filled with nutrients and good for people. But we're sometimes abusive to ourselves and so I had to confront it and figure out how can I make the food more delicious but better for me.

[B]

On this episode of Life Kit, I talked to Roy about how to make healthy meals that are also delicious. We'll unpack the fundamentals of flavor and talk about how to combine ingredients and experiment with them. That's after the break.

[D]

This message comes from Progressive Insurance Fiscally responsible financial geniuses, monetary magicians. These are things people say about drivers who switch their car insurance to Progressive and save hundreds. Visit progressive.com to see if you could save Progressive Casualty Insurance Company and affiliates. Potential savings will vary. Not available in all states or situations. This message comes from Apple Card. Each Apple product, like the iPhone, is thoughtfully developed by skilled designers. The Titanium Apple Card is no different. It's laser etched, has no numbers, and rewards you with daily cash on everything you buy, including 3%. Back at Apple. Apply for Apple Card in minutes, subject to credit approval. Apple Card is issued by Goldman Sachs Bank USA Salt Lake City Branch terms and [e-mail] this message comes from Charles Schwab with their original podcast Choiceology. Choiceology is a show about the psychology and economics behind people's decisions. Download the latest episode and [e-mail] podcast.

[A]

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[B]

Sometimes the mistake I make, like right now I have a fridge that's packed full of veggies, but I don't have a plan for them, right? I don't have the, the flavor component ready.

[C]

Well, I have a, I have a hack for exactly that dilemma. And, and it's hard to open the refrigerator and not just be able to open a package. But we have to change our habits, just like in anything. So the main habit you have to change is you have to devote a certain part of your week to prep. There is no food, healthy food, without prep. There's no restaurant without prep. You know, so if you spend two hours at the top of your week to prep all those vegetables and fruits and whatever and put them in Tupperwares or, or what, however you pack them and then keep them in your refrigerator, then those become really easily accessible, just like bags of candy. So then all your pineapples cut, all your watermelons cut, all your strawberries are cut, your carrots, your celery, your onions, your fennel. And then it becomes easy to just throw those things together. And then the other part of that is making pastes and sauces. If you can devote either that same day or another part of your day, and just make like three or four really pungent pastes or like vinaigrettes or three or four liquid sauces, and then keep those in there. And then that way you could just take your cut vegetables as easy as throwing them on a sheet pan, put them in the oven, douse them in that paste or that sauce, and then it's very easy. But it. Nothing happens unless you prep.

[B]

Yeah, I like that idea. So you talk in the book about aromatics. What are those? And what are some of your favorites to work with?

[C]

Onions, garlic, ginger, green onions. They're vegetables that are aromatic, that exude flavor and scent and release their smell and their juices and flavor when you cook them. And the three most popular in aromatic, the three tenors, I guess, are ginger, garlic, scallion. And one of my teachers used to call it ggs. So he would always say, make sure you get your GGs. It's kind of like the holy trinity in New Orleans or mirepoix in French cooking. In. In Asian and Chinese cooking. It's ginger, garlic scallion. Any wok dish that you eat that's going to start with ginger garlic scallion. Boom, boom, boom, boom, boom. That creates the fragrant aroma and flavor. It. It permeates the oil, it seasons the pan. So anything you throw into that becomes like fragrant and filled with flavor, and it goes to the next level.

[B]

Garlic is a very common one when it comes to garlic. You suggest that people can peel garlic cloves ahead of time and keep them in the fridge ready to go for your recipes. Now, do you lose flavor if you do that?

[C]

Peeling garlic can last you a few days, as long as you don't mince it that day. So you can have the clothes in an airtight container and then take the clothes out and then mince them or slice them right before you cook. And even if you do lose a little, I would rather you do that and lose a little freshness or flavor or whatever than not do it at all, you know, because if that garlic sits in your refrigerator unpeeled, you ain't ever getting to that, you know. And if your palate gets to the point where you can notice the difference, then you've actually move the needle on your whole existence. So now I can distinguish when garlic was peeled on Monday versus today.

[B]

You also talk about herbs, cilantro, Thai basil, flat leaf, parsley. Just for some examples. What's the rule of thumb for when to use dried versus fresh herbs?

[C]

Dried herbs are great for salt Blends and seasonings. I would use them in liquid brines, vinaigrettes, dry rubs. And then what's a great thing is if you are going to use dried herbs, if you can use fresh herbs on top of that, more the better. So this is not a case of, like, less is more. This is a case of more is more. And there are very fine dried herbs too, like saffron and peppercorn. Fennel.

[B]

I like dill seeds.

[C]

Dill seeds are great. Dried oregano is fantastic, especially if you get really good dried oregano. And sometimes when the dry oregano is still on the branch and then you shake that off onto your thing. Oh, so good.

[B]

Okay, let's talk about cooking oils. Which oils do you recommend the average person have in their kitchen?

[C]

Olive oil, something that you could literally drink. You should be able to take shots. Glug, glug, glug, glug, glug, glug. And then you should have a cooking olive oil or a grape seed oil. And then I think you should have another type of fragrant oil, like a sesame oil, to allow you to bring in a different flavor profile to your cooking and your food.

[B]

Do you drizzle sesame oil or do you use it for sauteing or for frying?

[C]

All of the above, for sure. It's great in marinades and vinaigrettes, is great for, like, making kimchi paste and sauces. It's great to drizzle into a soup, like, at the end. It's great for instant sauces of just sesame oil, soy sauce, touch of vinegar, and you mix that and then use that as a drizzle or a dipping for anything, for wontons, even bread or vegetables.

[B]

I got one for you. I made platanos in toasted sesame oil.

[C]

I'm picking up what you're putting down, and I see the flavor combination there, and, yeah, I applaud you.

[B]

Maybe a little sesame seeds on top at the end.

[C]

Oh, that would be great. Or you could even, like, squish them into the plantain before you fry them while it's a little bit soft and, like. So it's like, studded with sesame seeds. Almost like a dim sum donut. And then you fry them and then smash them. That would be good, too.

[B]

You've got, like, a. Yes and personality, which I like. You're like, yes, and I'm going to amp it up.

[C]

Yeah, that's me, I think.

[B]

Oh, just another layer to this. So I made French toast the other day, and then I made platanos in sesame oil and Then I had a maple syrup with it.

[C]

Wow. Extra texture, texture, flavor. Salty, sweet. That's the hidden combination that we all crave. You could open a restaurant with that item.

[B]

Interesting.

[C]

Yeah.

[B]

Speaking of salty, I'm guessing most people have salts and maybe black pepper in their kitchens. Do you have any tips though on what kinds to use and when?

[C]

I think that you should probably kick the iodized salt as far as you can away from you.

[B]

Yeet that. Into the outer space.

[C]

Into outer space. And then I think you should replace that with kosher salt. Kosher salt has a little less saline in each granule. It allows you to use more of it without it being as salty. And so by having kosher salt, it forgives you for making some mistakes. And so I would have kosher salt and then I would have a finishing salt, like a fleur de sel or like a flaky sea salt. It will just be the final touch. It sticks the landing on everything.

[B]

Okay, what about black pepper?

[C]

Black pepper. My suggestion is use whole pepper corn and grind it each time you use it. You could either grind it in a pepper mill or get like a coffee grinder and then put it in there and then grind as much as you're going to use and then you can use that over. Most restaurants only use it for the day. Like we grind it right before service and that's why the food is so fragrant in restaurants. But it's okay to use it for like two, three days.

[B]

I want to walk through a list of other flavor packed ingredients that you have in the book. And this is kind of just like free association. Say whatever comes to mind as quick advice about these things. Cheese.

[C]

Cheese. Very important to respect the temperature of the cheese because cheese is, is very important to eat when it's not cold.

[B]

Fascinating. Okay. Msg.

[C]

It's like a hidden umami special little friend that you have. It's like a serrano de berc in your ear that allows you to speak poetry and fall in love and be romantic. Even though you're a beast, it's there for you. If you put it at the end of a sauce, if you mix it in to a vinaigrette, if you put it into your stir fry or your fried rice, if you mix it into anything that you're cooking, it's going to bring that hidden thing where other people say, what is that? I can't put my finger on that. Anytime someone says they can't put their finger on something, it's usually msg.

[B]

What about soy sauce?

[C]

Soy sauce you know when they say top five rappers, dead or alive, I mean soy sauce has to be top five, right. Of ingredients in the world. You gotta have it. Just a bowl of rice and a little drizzle of soy sauce. That's a meal right there. Just like spreading peanut butter on a piece of sliced bread is a meal. It's the same thing, you know?

[B]

What about hot sauce?

[C]

I'm a hot sauce fiend. I try not to eat anything without hot sauce. I'll eat sweets with hot sauce.

[B]

So you would put it on my. On my platanos. Com. French toast.

[C]

Oh, absolutely. I put hot sauce on ice cream, believe it or not.

[B]

Vanilla ice cream.

[D]

Yeah.

[C]

If you put like chili crisp or chili crunch on ice cream or like, even if you make like a gochujang caramel, it provides the same kind of flavor combination that like tajin or like spicy Mexican candies have. It provides that same type of contrast.

[B]

This is going to be my last one, actually, from this list. Gochujang.

[C]

For a Korean kid in America, it is incredible that I've lived long enough to see gochujang being used in everyday vocabulary. Like, it is our secret living ferment of life. It's almost as like, if you can imagine, we have all spawned from the bacteria and the fermentation of gochujang itself that is the Korean people. And we would be nothing without it. And then you stick your fingers in that thing like night cream, you know, and you just use it, like for anything and everything. It's so good. It's like it can be used just as like a little dollop on your lettuce cup, but it can also be used to make a kimchi paste. It can be used to make a soup. It can be spread all over your steak and you roast or grill your steak with it, and it just transforms anything it touches.

[B]

Time for a quick break. When we're back, we'll get into some of Roy's recipes.

[D]

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[B]

We're back with More Life Kit and with Chef Roy Choi okay, let's talk about a few of the recipes. There's so many good ones in here. I just picked out a few. Tell me about the feel good sandwich. What's in it? Why does it feel so good?

[C]

It's a feel good sandwich because it eats like a feel not good sandwich. But when you're done with it, you feel great. Because it eats like a Philly cheesesteak or like an Italian Cold Cut Heroes or a Reuben. Because every layer of the vegetable, as they meld together and cook it creates that umami. As you bite into it, you're getting all the sensations and the dripping and the juices and all that. But then when you're done, you've eaten like eggplant, zucchini, squash, tomatoes, basil and so you're feeling great.

[B]

You know, sometimes I get in my head about vegetable sandwiches because I'm like, am I still going to be hungry after I eat this veggie sand?

[C]

No, because what makes them eat like a meat sandwich or not leave you hungry is that each of those ingredients, they're all treated with their own care. So the portobello mushrooms are marinated and seasoned and roasted. And then the vegetables are marinated, seasoned and grilled. And then the paste is made separately and the paste itself has maybe 6, 7, 8, 9, 12 other ingredients in it. And then all these things, the crunchy, the roasted, the marinated, the pungent, all these things are coming together because feeling full is also psychological and sensory. It's not just gut. So yeah, if you amp up the flavor and you concentrate that flavor, then you don't need as much of the food to make you feel full.

[B]

Yeah, it's about gathering them all together, having a little flavor party.

[C]

Yeah.

[B]

Okay, let's talk about one More recipe. I would love to get into sour foods through the lens of this recipe you have called the bom ka chowder.

[C]

Yeah. Sour foods are a delicacy and a part of everyday life in places all throughout the world. It's just something that maybe in America, we're still getting used to on an everyday basis, you know, so soups being sour. Where I'm leading towards is that soups being sour is not something that we're necessarily running towards in Western culture, but in Thai culture and in Southeast Asian culture, soups and sauces being sour is like something you wake up from a dream about and you get dressed, and that becomes the whole purpose of your day to go find a sour soup. So, yeah, this soup is an homage to things like Tom Yum and bonka and, you know, stuff like that. So it's like this one is like, okay, what if we made, like, a chowder, but made it sour? A sour chowder should have been called sour chowder. That's a better name.

[B]

Okay, one last thing. You recommend that people keep a handful of spoons visible and within arm's reach while they're cooking. Why is that?

[C]

You gotta taste. You gotta have movements. You know, you have to provide yourself the ability to be your own Jackson Pollock in a way. You know, like, you gotta provide that space for yourself in cooking. And sometimes we don't provide ourselves with that space to freestyle and to roam. And so we have, like, one spoon out, or we go to grab the thing that we need that's in the drawer or in the cupboard when we need it. When you cook, you should have all those things kind of out and next to you and within arm's distance. Have a ton of spoons and spatulas and scissors and knives and have all those things around you. So that way, when you're cooking, you're able to grab things and taste things, and it will just allow you to go deeper into cooking because the utensils and the ingredients are right at your fingertips.

[B]

Roy, thank you so much. You're the best.

[C]

Thank you. That was really great.

[B]

Okay, time for a recap. I know this can feel daunting, but set aside an hour or two each week to prep, wash, and cut your fruits and veggies so they're available for snacks and recipes. And make your sauces, jams, dressings, and marinades. Cause you know that when you get home from work and you're starving, that's the last thing you want to do. By the way, I was inspired by this conversation with Roy to make a dressing out of lemon, olive oil and fennel. I got the fennel as a freebie in a delivery box of veggies and at first I had no idea what it was. I've used the sauce this week on tacos in place of salsa verde and I've tossed it with tortellini, sauteed bell pepper and a spicy plant based chocolate chorizo crumble. It is so bright and so fresh and I'm so glad I made it ahead of time. Aromatics are a huge component of flavor. They can be vegetables, herbs, spices, even meats and they're heated in fat at the beginning of cooking to release their flavors. Now you can make your own combos or go with a classic like the Spanish and Latin American sofrito, which is often garlic, onions and pepper. Sometimes tomatoes too, or the French mirepoix which is onions, carrots and celery. Roy says that as a general rule, dried herbs are best for rubs, roasts and soups, while vinaigrettes and sauces benefit more from fresh herbs. By the way, he suggests in the book that you add herbs to smoothies and I have a smoothie almost every day and I can attest that herbs heighten the flavor and make the smoothie more interesting. Next time you make one, try adding some fresh ginger or fresh mint or both. Some other elements that can punch up the flavor in your salt. Not the iodized kind. Go for kosher salt or sea salt cheese, just not the kind that comes in a can or in those processed bright orange slices. Black pepper. Grind it yourself MSG soy sauce hot sauce and the Korean fermented red chili paste Gochujang. I saw a recipe online for Gochujang Bolognese sauce with pasta. Looked really good. Lastly, as you're cooking, keep lots of spoons handy, taste as you go and make adjustments. A lot of us forget to do that. Oh, and of course have fun out there. By the way, are you struggling with credit card debt? Why not sign up for our special newsletter series? We'll give you a step by step plan so you can crunch the numbers, come up with a payment schedule and pay off your debt. You can sign [e-mail] creditcarddebt this episode of Life Kit was produced by Sylvie Douglas. It was edited by Claire Marie Schneider and Meghan Keane. Our visuals editor is Beck Harlan and our digital editor is Malika Grebe. Meghan Keane is our senior Supervising editor and Beth Donovan is our Executive producer. Our production team also includes Andy Tagle and Margaret Serino Engineering support comes from Stacey Abbott. I'm Mariel Segarra. Thank you for listening.

[D]

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