← The Hunter Williams Podcast
The Hunter Williams Podcast
The SS-31 Masterclass | Dosing, Stacking, Cycling, and Why It's A Top 3 Peptide
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This episode is brought to you by Google Health. Stop chasing someone else's definition of health. What matters is what's healthy for you. Google Health offers a new kind of coach built with Gemini for effortless tracking, sleep insights and holistic coaching tailored to you. Visit googlestore.com to learn more and start a new relationship with your health. Requires Google Account, Google Health App, Internet and Google Health Premium Subscription. Features subject to change. Availability and results vary. Not intended for medical purposes or works independently of Gemini apps. Check responses for accuracy.
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Hey everybody, this is Hunter Williams. I hope you're doing amazing wherever you at in the world. Today's video is going to be a masterclass on SS31. The last one I did was on Retta true side and SS31 continues to be one of my favorite peptides of all time. And I think the more and more data that comes out on it, it's obviously FDA approved now, but the more and more data that comes out on it, it just seems to be doing better and better things. And I've been using it for several years now. I peptide and today what I'm going to attempt to do is create a master class. So by the end of this video, you know exactly what SS31 is doing, what it's used for, and how to actually practically use it, whether you're a clinician in practice or someone just researching for yourself. And again, this is all for entertainment purposes only. You should not do any of the things that I tell you in my video, but I think this one will be pretty cool. SS31 is a really cool peptide. It works a lot differently than a lot of the other peptides out there, specifically on what it's doing to ourselves, and I'm really excited to dive into that today. So I'm going to pull up my screen. I've got a plethora of slides for us to jump through today and that's what we'll cover. But thank you guys so much for tuning in. Before I say that, to make sure that you are in touch with me, the best place to do so is on the email list, so make sure you're signed up for that. As censorship is on the rise and I continue to make videos like this that may or may not be loved by the algorithms that want to take my channels down. Also too, if you want to ask me questions, message me privately, come onto live group calls with me and have access to me. The best place to do that is inside the Axion Collective. We almost have 240 members in there now. So it's going strong. We have a lot of really amazing people in there, a lot of health coaches. So not only we get the advice of me, but you get the advice of a lot of really smart people, smart doctors, smart coaches and everything in there. So join that if you want to get more access to me and all the amazing people in there. But without further ado, I'm going to share my screen and today we are going to cover the masterclass on SFS 31. All right, let's get into it. Today we're going to be covering SS31. This can be the complete user's guide to now an FDA approved, the first FDA approved mitochondrial peptide. There's a few other ones out there and we'll actually talk about those a little bit today. So why does SS31 matter? Why do I talk about it so much? Probably gets old. And you probably, if you're in the peptide world, you hear about GLPs, you hear about the healing peptides, but not that many people talk about SS31. So I think it's actually one of the most important peptides you understand in health optimization. It is not just a fat burner, it is not obviously doing anything growth hormone, it is not a tissue healer, and it's not any of those other ones that we know. The peptide class, not necessarily like a beauty peptide like ghk, it actually travels inside of our cells, finds the inner membrane of our mitochondria, which again to, for lack of a better way to say it, or the power plant of the cells, and stabilizes the molecular scaffolding that produces energy. And so when we look at SS31, we're really looking at energy dynamics and how energy flows to the body. So in September 9th, on September 19th of 2025, the FDA granted accelerated approval 2 SS31, which is called Alama Pratide is the other name for it under the brand name Forzinity. And this was the first mitochondria targeted therapeutic peptide ever approved, which I think is indicative of where this class is moving as hopefully, depending on the administration that is in power, peptides become more prevalent. We have more of an acceptance of these at a mainstream level. And today we're gonna cover how it works, who it helps, how to dose it, what to stack it with, what to track and how to how it fits in the broader arc of our mitochondrial health. So looking at, at the foundations, what is a peptide just to begin with? So obviously you guys know a peptide is a short chain of amino acids which are the Building blocks of every protein in our body. Insulin is a peptide, oxytocin is a peptide. There's a ton of different peptides. I don't need to go over that with you guys. But synthetic peptides for health optimization are made through solid phase peptide synthesis and almost always given via subcutaneous injection because stomach acid destroys most of that. So that's just rundown on peptides in general. And SS31 is actually not an endogenous peptide. So for instance, Mozzi and human are mitochondrial peptides that are endogenous. SS31 is actually not one that we naturally make, which doesn't mean it's a bad thing. It just means that this is not one that we naturally make. So SS31, that's a synthetic tetra peptide, which is a chain of four amino acids, has a molecular weight of about 640 Daltons, and it's small enough to cross cell membranes that block larger molecules. So that's what makes it really cool. I've always wondered why they call a tetrapeptide one with four amino acids. Because a tripeptide is three amino acids. Think it'd be like quadra peptide. But anyway, tangent of language. So what is SS31? So the sequence is D, arginine 26, dimethyl tyrosine, lysine and phenyl phenylal Phil phenyl L, I think that's how you pronounce it with an aide cap. It was designed in the early 2000s at Cornell University by Hazel Setso and Peter Schiller, hence the SS in SS31. And it's comes from Setso Schiller series peptide 31. So that's why it's named SS31, in case you were wondering. And so it was SS31 that was the original research name, also called MTP131. Ben Davia was the original commercial name. Alama Pratide is the international non proprietary name. And then Forzenity is the FDA approved brand name. So if you hear any of these, most of the time you're probably going to hear SS31, but if you hear any of these, we're all talking about the same thing. So let's look at the mitochondria and why SS31 is so important in the context of mitochondria. So every cell except red blood cells contain hundreds to thousands of mitochondria and they produce ATP, which is the universal energy currency. So when you hear ATP, adenosine, tris, phosphate, just think energy. Just think getting outta bed in the morning and having some get up and go. Obviously, ATP does a lot of things, but just for simplicity's sake, think about that. And we have a healthy adult. They turn over roughly their own body weight in ATP every day. So we're constantly churning through ATP. And each mitochondrion has two membranes. The inner membrane is folded into pleated ridges called christae. And that's gonna be very important when we look at what SS31 is doing. And the christae house the electron transport chain, which are complexes 1 through 4 and ATP synthase. So that's a lot of very fancy language. Why does it matter? So nearly every chronic disease of aging involves mitochondrial dysfunction. And so when we look at this process that I just explained and summed up, the lack of efficiency in that process leads to a lot of the chronic disease. And so when we look at heart failure, when we look at neurodegenerative disease, when we look at sarcopenia, which is muscle wasting and lack of bone density, when we look at type 2 diabetes, when we look at kidney disease, all of these share disorganized cristae, scattered respiratory complexes, electron leakage, reactive oxygen species production and failing ATP output. And again, when we look at these chronic diseases, mitochondrial dysfunction is usually always going to be involved in them. And so we look at SS31, it's not working on any of those specific diseases, diseases per se, but what it's doing is working upstream on the mitochondria to enhance energy that will then end up leading to a healthy body. So let's keep going. And specifically when we look at SS31, and it's going to be involved in this thing known as cardio lipin. So cardio lipin is a unique phospholipid found almost exclusively in the inner mitochondrial membrane. So it has four fatty acid tails instead of the usual two, acting as a molecular wedge that blends the membrane into crista shape, so it physically positions the respiratory complexes so they can hand electrons to each other efficiently. Now, when cardio lip and fails. So we have this thing called Barth syndrome, which is a genetic disorder. Uh, patients with bar syndrome have a gene mutation that prevents normal, normal cardio lipid remodeling. So Chris Day never form properly. And children develop severe heart failure and exercise intolerance from the time they're infants. And so basically the way this, and you can see if you're watching the video, this little diagram. Cardiolipin is oxidized crista flatten respiratory complexes, scatter cytochrome C detaches and then we have free radical production which then triggers cell death and then ends up causing a host of chronic disease. And so that's kind of the process. And this is going to be important for how SS31 play into all of this. Now what does SS31 do? So for its first decade, SS31 was called a mitochondria targeted antioxidant. This is now considered incomplete. You've probably heard of mitochondrial antioxidants, for instance urolithin A. But SS31 reduces oxidative stress as a downstream effect, not as a primary mechanism. So actually SS31 is not working as an antioxidant directly, but through this process that it's doing, it's actually preventing the buildup of oxidation. And so indirectly it's kind of an antioxidant. It's more of a preventative oxidant, meaning that it's not working as direct antioxidant. It's preventing a lot of the oxidative stress that is going to come as a result. Now let's look at what it does. So at first binds to cardiolipin, which then stabilizes the crista and the mitochondria and then it assembles super complex with which then enhance cytochrome C. So to go back to that diagram we just looked at A minute ago, SS31 is reversing a lot of issues that come and as a result of these diseases. And so it basically is a membrane restoring agent. It has antioxidant effects downstream, it improves ATP synthesis and it protects against cell death as, as an upstream agent that causes those downstream actions in the body that end up leading us to have better health. And so you can kind of see the theme here. SS31 is going so far upstream that it's enhancing everything at a cellular level, which again, this is why I love this peptide so much. And when you look at all these different mitochondrial things, they all kind of have different roles. But SS31 to me is almost like the Godfather. It's doing so many things above stream that it's having all these downstream effects on the body. Tomorrow morning is knocking. Stock your fridge now. How about a creamy mocha frappuccino drink? Or a sweet vanilla smooth caramel maybe? Or a white chocolate mocha? Whichever you choose, delicious coffee awaits. Find Starbucks Frappuccino drinks wherever you buy your groceries. Now why is SS31 unique? So what's cool about SS31 is there's no receptor required, so most peptides act on receptors so they're kind of little molecules, they go to a receptor, they send a message and then they do their effect. BPC, CJC, ipamilin, semaglutide, those all work on receptors. SS31 actually doesn't work specifically on receptors. It accumulates in an organelle and changes the physical properties of a membrane. So because of this we actually don't have desensitization. I'm gonna talk about why that matters, but then also still why we wanna cycle it. So because it doesn't bind to a receptor, SS31 is technically not desensitized. The same way that BPC157 works on the receptor, the same that same way that a GLP works on the GLP receptor. SS31 is going actually into the, the mitochondrial membrane. So its effects depend on the structural state of the mitochondria themselves. And so in young Healthy mitochondria, SS31 doesn't really have a lot to do because it's going in and it's already working really good. But in an aged or damaged one, it has a great deal to do. And you can see the picture I have here of the construction site. That is what it's doing is going to say, oh man, this building needs a remodel. We're gonna come in and do that. But if the building is already working well, probably not gonna do a whole lot. So the worse the mitochondrial state, the more dramatic the effect is. But I do want you to understand, unlike a lot of other peptides, and this is what makes it unique, is that it doesn't necessarily bind to receptor the way that those specifically are, it's going even further upstream than that. Now who is SS31 for, what does it actually do and who does it help? One, we have the mid-30s optimizer I kind of think of SS31 is doing a lot for everyone, can kind of work in almost everyone the same way that red light can kind of almost work in everyone. But let's talk about like specific populations that do well with it. So when they use SS31 for someone in their mid-30s, they're going to notice longer recovery, variable energy and less restorative sleep. And so there was a study that showed a single dose measurably improved ATP production in older adult skeletal muscle. And typically in people's mid-30s, that's when they see a lot of hormonal decline. A lot of this buildup of chronic disease for athletes can be wonder peptide for athletes. So for someone that already prioritizes Sleep, nutrition and periodization, and has good mitochondrial density but limited mitochondrial quality. SS31 addresses the quality, not quantity. So again, for someone that is under a lot of stress, particularly stress in the form of exercise, it's going to do wonders there. Post illness recovery helps with long Covid, post viral fatigue, post sepsis, post surgical recovery. The 5 to 10 milligram tier for this population was going to be the best. And I'm going to talk about the different dosing tiers here in a minute. And then the metabolic dysfunction patient. So someone with elevated fasting insulin, pre diabetes, mild dyslipidemia, family history of cardiovascular disease. It pairs well, obviously with resistance training, if you have those things. Uh, this is why I think it's so important and I'll talk about this too when we talk about the other peptide section of pairing this with a glp. A lot of people that have severe metabolic dysfunction, you're fifty, a hundred pounds overweight, there is a very high chance that your mitochondria are gonna be dysfunctional. And so when we look at a glp, it's gonna do what it does and do it pretty well, but it's not going to actually address the, the structural state of the mitochondria like SS31 will. And I think again, that's probably the biggest use case in the population is these people with metabolic dysfunction. Now, should anyone skip it? I think for someone that's like in their young 20s, they're probably not going to notice a whole lot if they're doing everything properly. Now if you have someone in their 20s that is drinking a lot and partying a lot and not living healthy, is overweight, obese, SS31 can do wonders. But if someone's in their young 20s, they might not notice a lot. And I've talked to people that have taken it and they're like, you know, I don't really notice if I get anything out of it, but it still can be beneficial in that sense. In that sense, I think they're just going to notice less, uh, if you have pregnancy, active cancer or anything that you would kind of fall on that contraindication thing, I would say probably stay away just because we don't really know yet because it hasn't been studied in those populations. And I also think too, I put in here that the more peptides that you're doing, SS31 is gonna amplify those peptides, but they're probably, it's probably gonna have diminishing returns, meaning that if you do 2 milligrams of SS31 and you're super optimized. But I don't know that you're going to get any more benefit out of 20mg of SS31. However, for someone that has a chronic disease, I think they could stand a benefit a lot by doing 10 times the dose. So from 2 milligrams to 20 milligrams. So kind of depends on the user, but that would be the one case I would say, you know, you might not notice as much. Now let's talk about the dosing ladder. So I get a lot of confusion around this, and I'm probably as responsible as anybody for confusing people about dosing. And so I want to kind of walk through this definitively in a video because I haven't done it in a while that I couldn't remember, remember. And so I like to think of this as like three tiers. And so we have tier one, which is one to two milligrams a day. You could even do as low as 500 micrograms per day. But this is the general optimization tier. So this is going to be background mitochondrial for mitochondrial support for people in their 30s and 40s that just want something to kind of work in the background to make them healthier. This is typically what I do if I'm running it just for optimization purposes, not trying to necessarily do anything. Now we can move to tier two, where we have 2 to 5 milligrams per day. And this is gonna be more for performance. So athletes pursuing recovery and increased exercise capacity, you're gonna notice more of a benefit here than you would at the 1-2mg range. In my opinion, and based on what I've done in my own research and working with people, then we have users in their 50s and 60s with subclinical decline. And then the progress HF trial, which is for heart failure, used 4 milligrams in this range. So again, I think that Tier 2 is where you feel like your health is probably slipping a little bit and you just need some backup. And I think it works really well there. And then the 5-10mg per day, this is where I would call the chronic illness and significant dysfunction range. So documented mitochondrial decline, post illness recovery, advanced metabolic disease. I would say you'd want to get into this range. Obviously, we know that the FDA approved dose is 40 milligrams daily. Now, that 40 milligrams is for people with a severe genetic disease. And, and in my opinion, although I don't think you would harm yourself in going that high. I think there are dramatically diminishing returns for someone that goes from 10 milligrams a day to 40 milligrams per day. If you don't have that genetic dysfunction now, does that mean that you can't go higher if you can afford it? No, I would say take all the SS31 you want, take as much as you can actually, because up to 40mg it seems like there is absolutely zero downsides other than just the pain of ejecting and maybe a little bit injection site reaction. And so I would say it really comes down to what you can afford. I think that 1-2mg per day is better than nothing, obviously. And I think that's just the background dose. 2 to 5 if you want an increase in performance and to actually kind of feel something. And then for people with chronic illnesses, even someone I've. I've heard of people with severe migraines taking 5-10mg per day and within 30 days or migraines are gone. And so it's just one of those things like understand there's nuance when it goes into dosing. Nothing is wrong. So if you're taking 500 micrograms, that doesn't make you wrong. If you're taking 10 milligrams, that doesn't. That doesn't make you wrong. I think it's very person dependent on what dose does what. And so for me personally, I've done up to 10 milligrams per day consecutively. I don't know that I stand to gain that much versus when I do 2 milligrams, I've done both and to me they feel about the same. But that could be reflective of my mitochondrial health, meaning that extra isn't necessarily better. However, if, let's say I've had severe metabolic dysfunction, some kidney issues, Maybe I've lost £70 on a GLP and I've got some lingering inflammation from some of this residual toxicity that's been in my body. I think SS 31 to 10 milligram, 10 milligrams a day is a miracle peptide, again because of what I've seen it do. And so again, just use context, but those would be the dosing tier. And I think too there's nothing wrong with starting low and going slow. So start at 0.5 or 1 milligrams and titrate your way up. But there's no need to jump to 10 milligrams a day and, and obviously two, this becomes cost prohibitive. It is a little bit harder to find now. And also two, it can be kind of pricey if you're doing 10 milligrams a day. Cause in a lot of cases that's one whole bottle a day which may cost someone like 80 to 200 bucks depending on where they get it from. So just be aware of that. And so there's a little chart here, General on longevity, 1 to 2 mg a day. Athletic performance 3 to 5 mg per day. Cognitive enhancement, 2 to 4 mg per day. Post illness recovery, 5 to 10 mg per day. If you're working on healing and injury, I think 2 to 4 milligrams per day with BPC and TP 500 could do for metabolic health, 2 to 5. Cardiovascular optimization, 2 to 5 and then preconditioning for mat C. We'll talk about this in a little bit. 3 to 5 milligrams per day. Cognitive effects are largely indirect. So SS31 has poor blood brain barrier penetration and improvements in cognitive endurance reflect systemic energy availability ability, not direct CNS action. And we'll talk a little bit about human and about how that can be different cycle wise. You know, I like the 8 to 12 week cycle, 4 weeks off. Again, I'll talk about this on another slide. But when we look at cycling again, the way the SS31 works, we don't necessarily have desensitization to it. But I am a fan of inserting some other mitochondrial players while we're cycling off of SS31 just to kind of get a different stimulus. So that's up for debate. We don't really know a whole lot about the sensitivity build up to SS31. It does seem to work pretty well over time and that seemed to have a lot of downregulation. But again, it's just something that we don't know. So timing wise, when to dose, daily dosing is standard. And so I like it every day or at least five days on two days off. And consistency? Consistency is very important. For me, morning is per preferred. So again, there is no right or wrong when it comes to this. I prefer the morning because for me it has an energizing effect that can interfere with my sleep. I've actually heard other really smart people say that they like taking Mot C in the morning and SS31 at night. If that's what you want to do, by all means do it. Some people sleep really good when they do that. For me, every time I've taken SS31 at night, I don't sleep well, I can't fall asleep, it tends to stimulate me and so I avoid taking at night and I like to take it in the morning. And again, consistency over perfection. Structural mitochondrial improvements accumulate over weeks. So daily consistency drives outcomes more than any single dose. Timing, decision. I know for a lot of people that's really hard. For me, I take my peptides pretty much every day, whatever I'm doing. But, but for some people that can be very hard. They only want to do a once per, per week injection and this does not seem to work the way that a GLP would in that once per week kind of time frame. So what should you expect and when week one you might see some acute effects. It might be placebo though, so just don't draw conclusions yet. Weeks three to six, there's more reliable signal that emerges. So energy recovery and sleep quality improvements become distinguishable from placebo. And then weeks 8 to 12, chronic structural improvement develops. So this is the window for objective biomarker assessment. Also too, if you do have chronic issues, don't expect those first four to five weeks to really see that much change. This is something that is going to come over time. And I've even seen people that have taken SS31 for a year and a half, two years plus, and they really didn't see the biomarker changes until a year after. But I have seen people, I, I know one guy in his 80s that took it and his PSA dropped from like a 9 to like a 1. And so again, it's gonna be one of those things, the accumulative, the cumulative effect of it is going to matter much more than you're gonna feel in like two weeks, which again, that's what everyone wants, right? So let's talk about cycling a bit. Why would, should we cycle at all? So because SS31 doesn't classically desensitize, why should we cycle it? So one, we have behavioral feedback, so it prevents the masking of the body's own feedback signals. So off cycles reveal what SS31 is actually doing. I personally experience this, so when I'm on SS31 it just seems like everything else is working better. And I like that to know that, hey, I'm taking this and everything's working better when I go off of it doesn't mean that I become vastly unhealthy. But I do miss doing SS31 now. That's why I will put another mitochondrial player in the off cycles to Kind of simulate the same effect also too when we look at safety margin it provides a buffer against unknown long term effects. So again it comes to peptide stuff. It's better be safe than sorry. But even with 168 week safety data it's prudent practice to include breaks. But again we look at the, the clinical trials of this and using it for 168 weeks straight, there were no adverse health consequences. And then also too, I like cycling because it allows an assessment of durable, durable benefit after stopping. So if Benefits persist for 48 weeks off cycle, structural improvement is real. And I do notice this, although I do feel better when I'm on SS31, it does seem to have a prolonged effect for at least another like four to eight weeks when I go off of it. And then maybe you can kind of notice that like it might be time to add it back in. So cycling wise I like eight weeks on, four weeks off or eight weeks on eight weeks off. And then you can end up doing three to four cycles per year. That way if you want to be aggressive, you can do 12 weeks on, four weeks off. And then if you want to do, I don't think there's anything wrong with doing continuous low dose, so 1-2mg daily indefinitely. Seen a lot of people do that and there's nothing, nothing that I could say that would be deleterious from doing that. And then if you wanna do a targeted acute cycle, so for surgery recovery, if you're building up for a competition acute illness, this is where I would do the higher dose for a shorter period of time. So benefits typically persist two to four weeks after stopping with gradual return toward the baseline over four to wake eight weeks. And periodic cycling maintains benefit without requiring continuous juice. And it's also probably a little bit better on your pocketbook too. Now let's talk about SS31 as a pre cycle for Mat C. So there's a lot of debate out there about using MATC first, using SS31 first. Maybe I'm one of the people that perpetuated this idea that you want to do SS31 first. And I'm going to explain why I don't think it really matters. At the end of the day if you want to do MOD C first, hey, by all means go do it. But I've talked to a lot of really smart people, a lot of smart doctors that have this philosophy and this is kind of where I derive this. So uh, SS31 think of it as the structural engineer. So it Repairs Chris Day stabilizes the physical structure of the mitochondria and forms super complexes. If we look at MOT C, that's gonna be more like an operations manager. So it drives metabolic signals like AMPK PGC1alpha and it promotes mitochondrial biogenesis. So, and when we look at that, okay, what would we rather do? Will we rather repair the structure before we send a bunch of signals, or would we rather send signals to a structure that is not doing that? Well, I think it would be the former. Meaning that I would rather drive a better structure before I send a bunch of signals to it. So when we look at that, I prefer doing SS31 first. Again, if you want to do MAT C first, hey, by all means. I have, however, seen a lot of people that do MAT C first. And one, they either get really tired, two, they have bad reactions. So they have like an immune system reaction to it, which is a whole different beast in and of itself. But we bring in the operations manager before the engineer has done structural work. And you push compromised infrastructure harder than it can handle. And ultimately that's the way I like to think about it. Do I want to push my infrastructure harder than can it handle? Do I want to rev the engine of a 1998 Toyota Camry? No, I would like to replace the engine first and then drive the engine harder. Which is why I think you should do SS31 first. But again, at this point, we don't have a study to compare it. We don't have any tangible data. We just have real world experience. And I will say, in my experience, this tends to work better for a lot of people. So let's look at reconstitution. Very simple. If you have a 10 milligram bottle, add 2 mls of water. 1 milligram would be 20 units, 2 milligrams would be 40 units, et cetera, et cetera. If you had a 20 milligram bottle, you add 2 milliliters of water. 1 milligram Would be 10 units. And so again, that's pretty easy. That's what the peptide cheat sheet is. Bore. You can just use backwater. You know, that's fine. Backwater is fine there. You don't. There's no special water or anything for this one. Again, just sanitize. Withdraw the 2ml, shoot down the side of the vial wall and then swirl. And then just make sure you label it. I like to label all my bottles with how much water I put in. So I know exactly every time. And then obviously too, I use pins and Pins make everything a lot easier. And again, injection site. I like my abs for this one. You can do your front or outer thigh, back of the upper arm. I have heard a lot of people say they tend to desensitize the last two peptides when they are rotating the injection site. So again, how, how much of that is rooted in data, I don't know but it seems to be a anecdotal thing that practically helps people. But again it's just a subcutaneous injection very easily. You can use a 29 to 31 gauge insulin syringe. And I will say four injecting every day is one of the easier ones to inject. Most of the time it doesn't sing. I don't really notice it. It mixes really well. I don't ever have like any sort of injection site reactions. I will say I tend to get the higher the dose is. So when I get closer to like the 5 or 10 milligram dose sometimes I'll get like a little itching or redness at the injection site with the lower dose. I don't tend to get that though. Storage and travel obviously I like to keep everything in the fridge. Seems to be good. I've used SS31 that's been mixed for up to like five or six months and it doesn't seem to not work. So it works good. Traveling SS31 I don't like to put in my carry on so I like to put it in the check bag. So again, just be conscious of that. Use an insulin cooler when you're doing it and then if you do bring it through, just make sure that you, if you are bringing it through as a carion, just let tsa, you know that you, that you have medication and I've heard people say that and, and they're usually fine with the tsa. So what should we track? Subjective markers. So just look at our energy on waking at the end of the workday. Recovery 24 hours after hard training. Sleep quality. You could use your aura ring for that. Cognitive endurance under focused work, training, perceived effort, mood and well being and then exercise tolerance. And then from a biomarker standpoint obviously you could just do a comprehensive panel, but I like a, a metabolic panel, lipid panel. Fasting insulin, A1C CRP is huge. I love to look at people's CRP. I've seen people bring down their CRP from like a, a 3 to 5 down to below 1 using just SS31 alone. So if you do have some lingering inflammation, I've seen SS31 work really well there. Ferritin, vitamin D and then a thyroid panel. And then for specific mitochondrial concerns you can look at urine, organic acids, blood lactate, pyruvate and then performance metrics. Obviously your HRV, resting heart rate, VO2 grip strength, those things also can help as well. Let's talk about stacking for a second. So when we look at SS31 obviously like we said, it works on the structure, it repairs and stabilizes the physical in in infrastructure. And this is why I like doing four to eight weeks by itself. Now where does MOTC come in? So MOTC sends metabolic signals through AMPK activation and PGC1 Alpha. I like to add after SS31 foundation is established, you can even do SS31 in addition to MOT C so you can layer in the MAZI on top of the SS31. I think that works really well. When I've done that myself it seems to work really well and I've seen other people do that and then we can after doing that bring in human end. So humanin is more of a cell protective agent and so it works on site of protection. And I would consider this after SS31 and MATC are established, you could even do human in before SS31. I've kind of gone back and forth on that and so again I don't think there's any wrong or right answer but that's the, the typical order. I go SS31 MATC, then Human in and then back to SS31, MATC and Humanin and then again too. If you wanted to keep going with the SS31 bringing in the MOTC, I think that can work really well too and I've seen a lot of people have good results with that. Uh, some complimentary stacks. I think SS31 and BPCTB works really well for healing 2 to 4 milligrams of SS31 while doing that, SS31 plus a GH peptide, CJC, IPA, Tessa, HGH itself works on mitochondrial quality plus quantity. And so I like to run obviously I'm running Some sort of GH peptide at all times and SS31 the GLP. I think this is one of the best things that we can add on to the glp. In addition to hormone optimization and HGH supplementation via H or a peptide, I think SS31 alongside a GLP works fantastic. It helps preserve muscle mitochondria during caloric deficit. I would love if I could wave my wand and have a study done. I would love to pair SS31 with a TERS or Retta and see how well people do in addition to it. I will caveat though and say I think SS31 because it seems to amplify everything. People respond much more to a lower dose of their glp, so which means that sometimes they can get way worse. Nausea, vomiting, constipation, diarrhea, etc. Because the SS31 is amplifying their cellular response to the GLP. So just be aware of that. If you're on 10 milligrams of Retta and then you bring an SS31, just be aware that that may happen because I've seen that happen to people. And again that's just speculation on my part. But do be aware of that. SS31C, Max Dihexa, New Pept, any of those. It works really good for energy and neurotransmitter support because they're complimentary. There's a lot of mitochondria in the brain and although it doesn't cross the blood brain barrier that effectively it is working at a cellular level to enhance all the mitochondria in the body. And then SS31, the Tesmorella already mentioned that visceral fat reduction plus mitochondrial efficiency. I do think SS31 as we are pushing through fat loss is going to help sustain the caloric deficit and everything that is down regulated in the body because you are changing the energy state. SS31 kind of seems to help push through those plateaus. So. Or those plateaus. There is no known absolute antagonisms. But just be smart. I always like to say when you're doing this, introduce one agent at a time, separate it by at least a week so you know what's going on. So you have a really good sample set of what you're doing and how everything is working. Now let's move on to some troubleshooting because I would say this is something that I do see and I kind of put together the things I see on a regular basis when I look at SS31. So here are the main ones. The main one is people say I don't feel anything. So I'm taking all this SS31, whether it's 1 or 10 milligrams, I don't feel anything. And here's why one, you may already be functioning well. And so I don't think that's necessarily a bad thing. Just know that it's doing stuff under the hood. So underlying mitochondrial function is already good. SS31 works best in dysfunction, meaning that we're gonna See more pronounced effect, the more dysfunction someone has. The dose could be too low. So if you're doing 1mg, 2mg, escalate to 3-5mg for several weeks before drawing conclusions. The sub threshold dosing produces sub threshold results in a lot of people. The duration could be too short. Again, this is one that's gonna accumulate over time. And so While I recommend 8 to 12 week cycles, I have no problem if you wanna do it for a year in a row. So give it at least three to four weeks before drawing conclusions. The structural mitochondrial changes take time to manifest as actual subjective improvements. Obviously source quality, just check your Source. I think SS31, you know, it's getting harder to find because I know it's FDA approved now, but if you know what you're doing, you don't have to worry about it. And then sometimes there's just underlying issues SS31 can't fix. So hypothyroidism, iron deficiency, low vitamin D, sleep apnea, depression, hormone deficiency, those are all things that SS31 is not going to make you make more testosterone. It may transiently bump it because of what it's doing, but it's not going to fix those hormone deficiencies. So I would always say that's important to keep in mind. Now, injection site reactions, I briefly mentioned this. So the most common adverse event in every clinical trial was just the transient injection site reactions. So some people get redness, warmth, swelling and itching for hours to days at the injection site. Again, for me, this happened at the higher doses. At the lower doses I never really got this. But just make sure that you are rotating every site that you're not injecting the same site every time. Use a fresh needle, slow injection over five seconds. And then sometimes it's better to use the peptide at room temperature. So just draw it in the syringe, leave it out for an hour or so, you won't have to worry about degradation in that sort of a window. And typically when it's room temperature, it's a little bit better and then when to discontinue. So if you have severe hypersensitivity, which I rarely see, you would probably want to stop. Especially beyond two weeks if you have any sort of new serious medical condition or pregnancy or active malignancy like I talked about, I will say that a lot of people, not a lot of people, probably 10 to 20% of people within the first one to two weeks do get headaches. And, and these usually resolve over time. But Hydration helps. And so a lot of times that's gonna be meaning that you're gonna be repleting a ton more electrolytes, magnesium, sodium, potassium. And that seems to help a lot of people. But I will say that is not uncommon to see people have headaches within those first one to two weeks. And again that's why I like saying start low and go slow. Transient energy worsening. So some people do have a Herxheimer style response, give it to seven to ten days. Usually that goes away by the two week mark. But again because of what it's doing, a lot of times when the body goes into repair mode, it wants you to slow down. So it's going to have this response which is like the Herximer style reactions. Just be aware that's a possibility. Doesn't happen in everyone. But I think the worst condition someone's in, the higher likelihood that is to happen. And then again, just know that there could be counterfeit products. So you might not be getting what you think you're getting or you might be getting mat cuz I know Mot C is cheaper to make than SS31. Frequently asked questions. Is it legal? Again, is FDA approved for bar syndrome? That doesn't mean that your doctor can't prescribe it off label. How's it different than Mi Q and other supplements? MQ is a mitochondria targeted CoQ10 that scavenges free radical radicals. After production, SS31 stabilizes the membrane so fewer free radicals are produced. And again, that's the big difference between SS31 and direct antioxidants. Coq10 is electron transport chain substrate. SS31 improves the structural environment where Coq10 operates, so they are complimentary. PP PQQ also has much weaker clinical evidence than either Coq10 or SS31. And then right now there are no oral routes. There is a company that is developing something called bevimiprotide which is SBT272 for oral use. And I have never seen anything that supports that intranasal works. I do know people sell that, but I've never seen that work. And again go back to how efficient it crosses the blood brain barrier, which is not very efficient. I don't think intranasal is worth doing. This is going to be one that you have to inject. Looking at some use cases, when we look at weight loss, it's not a weight loss agent. We will see probably modest waste reduction because of better insulin sensitivity, but it doesn't interfere with ketosis or Fat adaptation for long Covid, chronic fatigue, fibromyalgia. There's no trials around this, but uh, I have seen really good results for athletic performance. I think it works really well just for recovery and energy and athletic populations, we don't really know anything about it in pregnancy and breastfeeding. Again, metformin, I've never seen anything wrong with it, but just. There could be a theoretical concern with complex 1 electron transport chain activity, but we don't seem to see any problems with this. Trt. I think it works really well in conjunction with TRT for kids and teens. I get asked a lot about this. I don't talk about it that much publicly, that's more of a private group discussion. But it's approved for bar syndrome patrons over 30 kg, including children. Otherwise most kids don't really need it. But I will say if you do have a child that seems to be suffering from mitochondrial dysfunction, there, there could be worse things. And then again, research and pharmaceutical, they're the same thing. It's just that research is obviously made a little bit differently than pharmaceutical which is made in a compounding pharmacy. Cost wise research, you're gonna get it for like 80 to 200 bucks. Pharmaceutical, it can be over $100,000 per year. So just be aware of that from a pharmaceutical perspective. From what I could find, I don't know compounding pharmacies price list or anything like that, but just be aware of it. Future outlook. I think this is cool because we do see it being used in other applications. We have dry AMD, which is age related macular degeneration trial of 40 milligram daily for 48 weeks in age related or macular degeneration. AMD mitochondrial dysfunction is IMP and retinal pigment epithelium failure. So it's being studied right now. Primary mitochondrial myopathy phase 3 trial in nuclear DNA reposome mutations. A more genetically defined population than the bar syndrome patients. And then in healthy aging, they're looking at it in the context of the healthspan competition, the X Prize health Span competition. And so it's optimization adjacent research. So it is being looked at for those things, which I do think it will do well. Does seem to have an effect on the eyes, although some people don't notice that some people get improved vision because we're. Our eyes are very mitochondrially dense and when we improve that, obviously the eyesight tends to improve. This SBT272, which is a peptidomic or peptidomimetic analog of SS31 with two critical improvements over the parent compound, it tends to work a little bit more on the brain and is also designed to survive digestion, which is the primary limitation of SS31. So that would be interesting. I know there are a couple research sites that are selling that as an injection now. And it again, like I said, it tends to be better at crossing the blood brain barrier than SS31. I personally haven't tried it, but that's kind of where we're headed. And hopefully we get oral bioavailability. That would be really cool to see if we have something like that when we look at where the field is heading. One, can mitochondria targeted gene therapy move beyond rare genetic diseases? That seems to be what we're seeing. And I think from an application standpoint we're seeing applications of things like SS31 for heart failure, AMD neurodegeneration and sarcopenia because they all involve mitochondrial dysfunction. And then again we'll probably see this studied across a whole of host of things into the future because mitochondrial health is at the center of so much that we look at. And then again to the central nervous system penetration. That's what they are looking with SBT2.7 2 to actually do better. So there is just the reference card if you want to screenshot that it has a lot of the things that we talked about on there today. And then just to look at the foundations again, as with all peptides, SS31 is a tool. It works best when a foundation is in place. I would even say in a lot of cases it really only works when a foundation is in place. Sleep, nutrition training, stress management, relationships, all are important. SS31 sits on top of that foundation and supports the mitochondrial infrastructure. Everything else depends on. So just remember that as with all the peptides that we talk about, I think it's even more important to the conversation about 31 because if you're using it, you're not going to get the bang for your buck if you're not doing those things properly. And so just to sum up honest assessment, we know it works in BAR syndrome, we know it helps with skeletal muscle ATP production, we know it has a really good safety profile. What will be interesting to see is how well it does in heart failure. There was a trial that it didn't meet the needs necessarily become approved for heart failure. But when we look at healthy aging optimization, chronic fatigue, some of these things, I think we know that it works. It's just we don't have a lot of clinical data to back that up and then just closing out a transition moment in medicine. I think SS31 is one of those things that like not enough people know about. But when we look at it, there's gonna be so many things that could be addressed with SS31. So I think it's just the beginning of what will become a family of mitochondria targeted compounds, Motsi Humanin, this SBT272. As we move into some of these, maybe becoming orally bioavailable or modifications that make them able to be used orally, I think it's going to be something that we are just on the forefront of really understanding. And when we look at this, this is going to be one of those things like in addition to GLPs, that everyone's like, yeah, I'm on a mitochondrial peptide because it makes everything better. And that is it for the slides and that is my masterclass of SS31. So hopefully it was helpful to you guys. I know it was a little bit longer than my typical videos, but let me know what you think. I love doing these longer videos where I really get to break down the use case of these and I think to the point of this, this becomes a piece of content that can last for a really long time until we have more updated information on SS31, which maybe it sooner than later. That would be really cool, but I would love to hear your thoughts and feedback on this one. Again, just in closing, I love SS31 again, I would put it in my top five peptides, probably my top three peptides for how good it is. It is something that as far as it stands for me right now, I always plan to have at some point throughout the year a use of SS31. No matter how healthy or how sick I am. I just think it does so many amazing things and we can reap so much benefit from being on it. And really, I think after a person becomes 25, there's a use case in nearly every person walking the planet just because of what it does. And then you throw the environmental stressors and lifestyle stressors on top of it. It even works that much better. So thank you guys. In closing, I always want you to know the fact that I get to do this and create this content is a dream come true for me. So whatever shape, form or fashion it is that you support me, just know that you are appreciated and you are loved. Whether you use my coded places or on the email list, share with your friends and family, whatever it is you do to support me. Thank you so much. It goes so much further than than you probably realize in helping me bring this content to you guys. So again, looking forward to your feedback on this one and I will continue to crank out these master classes if they get good feedback and good responses from you guys out there. So thank you in closing and I will see you in the next one. Peace.