In this episode of The Ready State Podcast, breathing expert Patrick McKeown joins Kelly and Juliet Starrett for a mind-expanding conversation about something you do 20,000 times a day but probably haven’t thought deeply about: your breath. From asthma and anxiety to sleep quality, athletic performance, focus, and recovery, Patrick explains why the way you breathe may be quietly shaping nearly every aspect of your health.

The conversation dives into the surprising science of CO2 tolerance, why most people are chronically over-breathing, and how simple shifts – like nasal breathing, breath holds, and slowing your exhales – can dramatically change your nervous system and performance. Patrick also breaks down why women experience breathing and sleep differently than men, how poor breathing affects kids’ development and behavior, and why many sleep disorders may be going undiagnosed.

Most importantly, this episode is packed with practical tools you can start using immediately – whether you’re trying to sleep better, feel calmer, improve endurance, or simply function better under stress.

What You'll Learn in This Episode

Why most people are chronically over-breathing and how it impacts stress, sleep, and performance
How nasal breathing and CO2 tolerance can improve endurance, recovery, and focus
The surprising connection between breathing patterns, anxiety, panic attacks, and nervous system regulation
Why women experience sleep-disordered breathing differently than men, especially during menopause
How mouth breathing in children may affect sleep, behavior, facial development, and long-term health

Key Highlights:

(0:00) Intro: Men vs. Women in Breathing & Sleep

(0:22) Patrick McKeown: Breathing Expert & Founder of Oxygen Advantage

(2:46) Kelly's History with Asthma & Breathing

(10:39) Exercise-Induced Asthma & Hyperventilation

(15:32) The BOLT Score Explained

(17:00) The Science of CO2 & Oxygen Delivery

(23:59) Kipchoge’s Closed-Mouth Marathon

(28:01) Women’s Breathing, Hormones & Sleep

(32:21) Why Women Get Misdiagnosed in Sleep Studies

(34:46) The Hidden Sleep Disorder Affecting Women

(38:07) Breathing Practices for Brain Health

(44:31) Dysfunctional Breathing & Mental Health

(46:05) Panic Attacks, CO2 & the Paper Bag

(1:04:38) Falling Asleep Faster with Breathwork

(1:12:54) Breathing Warmups for Athletes

(1:20:51) Mouth Breathing & Facial Development

(1:33:43) Children, Sleep & ADHD

(1:44:55) Breath Holds, Altitude & Hematocrit

(1:54:09) Infinite Shelf & Glymphatic Breathing

Huge thanks to our sponsors, LMNT and Momentous.