
Hosted by Jon Brown · EN

The U.S. decides to sever ties with the UK, the ship "Amistad" was overtaken by Africans kidnapped to become slaves in America, Jean Sibelius's "Finlandia" premieres, signing the 1964 Civil Rights Act, and the birthday club includes Hermann Hesse and Thurgood Marshall - with a reading from Hesse's letter to a reader who expressed hopelessness.

The oldest surviving benchmarks for global sea level tells a grim tale, the U.S. Civil War Battle of Gettysburg begins, Canada is born, the WWI Battle of the Somme begins, and it's the birthday of George Sand - with a reading from one of her letters to one of her former lovers.

The Wilberforce-Huxley evolution debate at Oxford becomes an exchange of thinly veiled insults, U.S. President Abraham Lincoln signs the Yosemite Valley Grant Act, Albert Einstein publishes On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies, the National Organization for Women is established, and it's the birthday of Joan Murrell Owens - with a reading from Rachel Carson's "The Edge of the Sea."

Fire rips through Shakespeare's Globe Theater in London and the birthday club includes Celia Thaxter, Antoine de Saint-Exupery, and Stokely Carmichael - with a reading from Carmichael's speech to UC Berkeley.

Archduke Franz Ferdinand is assassinated, European powers sign the Treaty of Versailles, and it's Mel Brooks' birthday - with a reading from his memoir "All About Me! My Remarkable Life in Show Business."

The birthday club includes Emma Goldman, Paul Laurence Dunbar, Helen Keller, and Grace Lee Boggs - with a reading from Boggs' "The Next American Revolution: Sustainable Activism for the 21st Century."

American soldiers arrive in France to join the Allies fighting WWI, the Allies that won Victory in Europe signed the charter creating the United Nations, Shirley Jackson's short story "The Lottery" was first published, J. K. Rowling published her first Harry Potter novel in the UK, and it's the birthday of Pearl S. Buck - with a reading from Buck's "My Several Worlds: A Personal Record."

Custer makes his last stand and the birthday club includes David Douglas and George Orwell - with a reading from Orwell's "1984."

The birthday club includes Ambrose Bierce and Mary Wesley - with a reading from Wesley's "The Camomile Lawn."

The U.S. approves its first birth-control pill, Title IX is amended, Nixon incriminates himself, and it's the 10th anniversary of Brexit - with a reading from Julie Phillips' "What Contraception Meant to a Century of Women Writers."