The Autism Little Learners Podcast

#176: Before Words: Why Symbolic Sounds Matter More Than You Think

In this episode, we're talking about something that often gets overlooked in early language development: symbolic sounds and exclamatory words. The "vrooooms," "uh-ohs," "wheees," and "mooos" that many children use before traditional words are not meaningless sounds. They are real communication. This conversation explores why these early sounds matter so much, especially for autistic preschoolers, minimally speaking children, and children just beginning their communication journey. We'll talk about: ● why symbolic sounds are often easier for children to produce than traditional words ● how exclamatory words help build joint attention and connection ● why modeling without pressure matters ● how these sounds support regulation, engagement, and communication ● simple ways to naturally model symbolic sounds during play and routines Because before words doesn't mean before language. Language is already there. In This Episode, You'll Learn • What symbolic sounds and exclamatory words actually are • Why sounds like "moo," "uh-oh," and "beep beep" count as meaningful communication • How symbolic sounds are often easier for children to produce than traditional words • Why these sounds are especially powerful for non-speaking and minimally speaking autistic children • How exclamatory words support joint attention and imitation • Why communication grows through exposure, not expectation • The importance of modeling without pressure or correction • How repetition supports language learning and regulation • Simple play-based ways to model symbolic sounds throughout the day • Why joyful connection matters more than perfect responses Key Takeaways • Language begins long before traditional words emerge • Symbolic sounds and exclamatory words are valid forms of communication • Early communication often develops through emotionally meaningful sounds and shared experiences • Joint attention and connection are foundational to language learning • Modeling language without pressure creates safer opportunities for communication growth • Repetition supports learning, regulation, and confidence • Communication should never be measured only by spoken words • Joy, connection, and shared attention are powerful language-building tools Try This • Add symbolic sounds naturally into play routines like cars, animals, bubbles, or sensory bins • Use exclamatory words during real moments: "uh-oh," "wow," "whoa," and "oops!" • Pause after modeling a sound and give the child space to process • Match your facial expressions and tone to the sound you're modeling • Let the child's interests guide which sounds you use • Repeat sounds often without turning them into a drill or demand • Focus on connection and shared enjoyment instead of performance Simple Ideas Mentioned in This Episode ● The falling toy: "Oh no!" ● Car ramps with "wheee!" and "vroooom!" ● Surprise bags with animal sounds ● Books with exaggerated reactions and exclamatory words ● Peek-a-boo animal games ● Sound books with one symbolic sound per page Related Resources & Links 💚 Visual Supports Starter Set 💚 AAC What Most Educators Miss 💚 Autism Little Learners Membership 💚 Social Story Library Final Thoughts A child who says "vroooom" while pushing a car is communicating. A child who gasps during a game is communicating. A child who laughs during peek-a-boo is communicating. When we broaden our understanding of language, we stop waiting only for perfect words and start recognizing the meaningful communication already happening right in front of us. Every sound matters. Every moment of connection matters. And every joyful interaction becomes another building block for language growth.

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#175: Incorporating Deep Interests to Transform Learning Activities

2w ago00:18:11Summary ready

In this episode, we bring everything together and move into the how. After exploring what deep interests are and why forcing engagement backfires, we now look at how to actually incorporate a child's deep interests to support meaningful learning. If you've ever planned a thoughtful activity only to watch a child walk away, this conversation will help you shift how you approach teaching. Instead of trying to pull children into activities that don't feel meaningful to them, we explore how to bring learning into what they already love. This episode walks through practical ways to embed deep interests into everyday classroom and therapy activities without turning them into rewards or using them as leverage. When we make the interest part of the learning itself, engagement becomes more natural, regulation is supported, and skills begin to develop in a way that feels safe and connected In This Episode, You'll Learn • The difference between using interests as a reward vs embedding them into learning • How to take one deep interest and apply it across multiple skill areas • Ways to support matching, fine motor, language, and literacy using interests • Why meaningful materials increase engagement without increasing pressure • How to model language during play instead of relying on questions • The role of connection before introducing learning opportunities • How to start small without overhauling your entire classroom • Why structure and child-led learning can coexist • How to rethink centers and classroom setup through the lens of student interests • The importance of following a child's lead to build trust and participation Key Takeaways • Deep interests can become the learning activity, not a reward for completing it • The skill stays the same, the materials and approach shift • Engagement increases when learning feels meaningful and connected • Language develops through modeling inside play, not through pressure • One interest can support multiple developmental goals • Connection must come before instruction for learning to be effective • Small shifts in materials can create big changes in participation • Structure and predictability still matter within a child-led approach • Classrooms feel more supportive when interests are reflected in the environment • Learning becomes more sustainable when it is rooted in what a child loves When we stop separating learning from what a child enjoys, we create opportunities for skills to grow in ways that feel natural, engaging, and meaningful. Try This • Choose one child's deep interest and incorporate it in a familiar activity • Swap generic materials for items connected to what the child loves • Model language during play instead of asking questions • Join the child's activity without adding demands right away • Embed the interest into one routine, like centers or small group time • Observe how engagement changes when materials feel meaningful • Keep expectations simple and focus on connection first • Build from one small success instead of trying to change everything Often, the most impactful shift is not adding something new, but changing how we use what we already have. When learning is connected to a child's interests, engagement grows in a way that feels safe, supported, and lasting. Related Resources & Links Autism Little Learners Membership www.autismlittlelearners.com/pod Child Interest Survey 3 Strategies To Foster Engagement In Autistic Preschoolers Play Based Learning, Engagement and Deep Interests

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#174: What Echolalia Is Really Telling You: A Gestalt Language Processing Conversation with Nicole Casey, SLP (Encore)

3w ago01:26:40Summary ready

In this encore episode, we're revisiting one of the most meaningful conversations from the early days of the podcast — a wide-ranging chat with speech-language pathologist Nicole Casey about gestalt language processing, echolalia, and what it really takes to support autistic communicators. What if the words a child is repeating aren't random? Gestalt language processing (GLP) is a natural way of acquiring language where children begin with whole strings of intonationally-defined language — often lifted from songs, shows, or meaningful moments — instead of starting with single words. These "gestalts" are not literal, but they carry deep meaning. And when we miss that meaning, we miss the child. Nicole walks us through what GLP is, how it differs from analytic language development, and how to recognize it even in non-speaking or minimally speaking children. We also get into something just as important: why connection, relationship, and presuming competence are the foundation that every strategy is built on. Without those, the techniques don't land. With them, even small shifts can transform a child's communication journey. This is a longer, story-rich episode — the kind of conversation where two SLPs who love this work just couldn't stop sharing examples. You'll hear about Toyota Tacomas, Downy Unstoppables, Peter the doll, "we all fall down," and a spin class playlist that included the Delta Airlines theme song. Every story carries a lesson worth holding onto. In This Episode, You'll Learn What gestalt language processing is and how it differs from analytic language development Why GLP is not a diagnosis, just another natural way of acquiring language How to identify gestalt language processors, including those who are non-speaking What echolalia, echopraxia, and "jargon" might really be telling us Why gestalts are non-literal and how to uncover what a child actually means How to use Nicole's free Gestalt Tracker to share insights across a team Why WH-question goals are often a poor fit for early-stage GLPs How presuming competence changes what we see, hear, and teach Why AAC systems weren't designed for GLPs and what that means for us How following a child's deep interests opens the door to language and connection Key Takeaways Echolalia is meaningful communication, not background noise Gestalts carry emotional and experiential context — they are not literal Identifying a GLP starts with tuning in, not testing Children feel safer and communicate more when they feel understood The way the lead adult treats an autistic child sets the tone for the entire classroom Relationship comes first; strategies work because of connection, not in spite of it Asking questions a child already knows the answer to is a real and valid form of connection Following the child's special interest is not a distraction — it's the path Progress isn't always measurable on a SMART goal; look for magic moments Presuming competence is the most important thing we can bring to every interaction Try This Listen for repeated phrases with the same intonation and write them down Ask the parent where a gestalt might have come from — they often know Present language from the child's perspective ("let's play" instead of "do you want to play") Replace "are you okay?" with the language the child actually needs ("that was scary") Use the child's favorite songs, shows, and interests inside your activities Share gestalts and their meanings across the whole team, including paras Record sessions (with permission) so you can catch what you missed Look for "magic moments" of connection as real data, not extra data When we slow down enough to believe that echolalia is meaningful, everything changes — for the child, for the team, and for us. Links: Nicole's Instagram (The Child Led SLP): https://www.instagram.com/thechildledslp/ Website: https://childled.org/ Other Links You May Be Interested In: Autism Little Learners on Instagram Autism Little Learners on Facebook You can also join my free Visual Supports Facebook Group to "hang out" with like-minded educators and parents who want to take action and implement visuals at home or at school. Be sure to subscribe to The Autism Little Learners Podcast so you don't miss future episodes. Plus, leave a rating & review on iTunes….this will help other educators and parents find this podcast!

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#173: Why Forcing Engagement Backfires (And What to Do Instead)

4w ago00:18:40Summary ready

In this episode, we gently shift how we understand one of the most common challenges in classrooms and therapy spaces: low engagement. When a child walks away, refuses, shuts down, or pushes materials aside, it can feel confusing and frustrating, especially when you're trying to help them learn. But what if disengagement isn't defiance? This episode explores why forcing engagement through prompting, token systems, and increased demands often backfires, especially for autistic children whose nervous systems may already be overwhelmed. We walk through how traditional compliance-based approaches can unintentionally increase dysregulation and reduce trust, even when they are well-intentioned. Instead of focusing on how to get a child to participate, we reframe the question toward understanding what the child is communicating and what support they may need. You'll learn how to recognize disengagement as meaningful information, why regulation must come before learning, and how to shift toward connection-based strategies that actually support engagement over time. In This Episode, You'll Learn • Why disengagement is not defiance, but communication • What low engagement can look like across different children • Why increasing demands often leads to more resistance • How the nervous system responds to pressure (fight, flight, freeze) • What the "compliance trap" looks like in real classrooms • Why token boards and first-then systems can increase stress • The importance of presuming competence in every interaction • How ignoring communication can lead to escalation • Why regulation must come before participation • How deep interests can support meaningful engagement Key Takeaways • Disengagement is information, not a behavior problem • Pressure increases dysregulation, not participation • Fight, flight, and freeze are nervous system responses, not choices • Compliance-based strategies can unintentionally reduce trust • Communication should be honored in all forms • Regulation is a prerequisite for learning, not something to earn • Children would engage if they could, something is getting in the way • Deep interests provide a natural pathway into connection and learning • Small shifts in adult response can change the entire interaction • Connection builds engagement, not control When we stop trying to force engagement, we begin to understand it, and that's where meaningful learning starts. Try This • Pause instead of immediately prompting or redirecting • Ask what the child might be communicating in the moment • Observe signs of dysregulation before increasing demands • Lower the expectation to make the task feel doable • Replace questions with simple comments to reduce pressure • Sit beside the child and focus on connection, not performance • Follow the child's lead during play or interaction • Bring the child's deep interest into the activity instead of withholding it Often the most supportive shift is moving from control to curiosity. When we meet a child where they are, rather than pulling them toward compliance, engagement begins to grow in a way that feels safe, meaningful, and sustainable. Related Resources & Links Autism Little Learners Membership www.autismlittlelearners.com/pod Child Interest Survey 3 Strategies To Foster Engagement In Autistic Preschoolers Play Based Learning, Engagement and Deep Interests

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#172: What Are Deep Interests? (And Why the Name Matters)

Apr 2800:16:15Summary ready

In this episode, we explore a powerful shift in how we understand one of the most recognizable traits in autistic children: their deep interests. If you've ever watched a child return to the same topic, object, or activity again and again with intense focus, you may have wondered whether it's something to redirect or expand. But what if the interest isn't the problem? This episode walks through why many educators and autistic adults are moving away from the term "special interests" and toward "deep interests," and why that language shift matters. We explore how deep interests are connected to monotropism, a different style of attention where focus goes deep instead of wide, and how that impacts learning, regulation, and engagement. Instead of viewing these interests as limiting or rigid, we'll reframe them as powerful entry points for connection, communication, and meaningful learning. You'll walk away with a clearer understanding of what deep interests are, why they matter, and how to begin noticing and supporting them in real classroom and therapy settings. In This Episode, You'll Learn • Why many professionals are shifting from "special interests" to "deep interests" • What monotropism is and how it shapes attention and learning • How deep interests support regulation and nervous system stability • Why deep focus is not a deficit, but a different processing style • How interests naturally expand over time when they are respected • The connection between flow states and learning in autistic children • Why removing an interest can disrupt regulation and engagement • How to begin identifying a child's deep interest through observation • The role families play in understanding a child's interests • Why unusual interests still hold meaning and value Key Takeaways • Deep interests are not a behavior to manage, they are a pathway to connection • Monotropic attention allows children to focus deeply rather than broadly • Interests often support regulation, not just engagement • Flow states provide intrinsic motivation without external rewards • Respecting interests supports communication and trust • Interests tend to expand naturally when they are honored • Removing an interest can unintentionally remove a regulation tool • The topic of the interest is less important than the relationship to it • Language shapes perception, and perception shapes support • Joy, focus, and regulation are valid and meaningful outcomes When we shift from redirecting interests to understanding them, we create space for deeper connection, stronger regulation, and more meaningful learning. Try This • Notice what the child returns to again and again • Observe what brings visible joy, calm, or focus • Watch what they choose during unstructured time • Ask families what their child talks about or seeks out at home • Follow the interest during play instead of redirecting away from it • Use the interest as a starting point for interaction and communication • Pause before labeling an interest as "too much" or "fixated" • Replace correction with curiosity in the moment Often the most supportive shift is not changing the child's behavior, but changing how we see it. Deep interests are not something to move children away from. They are often the clearest path into connection, regulation, and learning. Related Resources & Links Autism Little Learners Membership www.autismlittlelearners.com/pod Child Interest Survey

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#171: From Exploratory to Functional Play (Without Forcing It)

Apr 2100:08:20Summary ready

In this episode, we continue the play series by talking about the gentle bridge from exploratory play into functional play. If a child loves dumping toys, spinning wheels, dropping objects, or lining things up, it can be tempting to rush toward "using the toy the right way." But functional play grows best when it feels safe, connected, and joyful. This episode explores how to support the shift from sensory-driven exploratory play into one-step and early multi-step functional play without turning it into a power struggle. Instead of forcing imitation or moving too quickly into adult-led teaching, we'll walk through how to build from what the child already loves by using regulation, connection, and one small expansion at a time. This conversation is especially helpful for educators, therapists, and caregivers supporting autistic children who are ready for the next layer of play but still need the sensory and emotional safety of familiar patterns. In This Episode, You'll Learn • What functional play looks like in practical, classroom-friendly terms • Why cause and effect is often the first bridge out of exploratory play • Why rushing the shift into functional play can create stress and resistance • The simple framework: Regulate → Connect → Expand • How to expand dumping, spinning, and "put in" play patterns • Readiness signs that tell you a child may be ready for one-step play • Why building multiple one-step actions makes pretend play easier later • How to keep functional play playful instead of turning it into drill work • Why goals should guide exposure rather than create performance pressure • How small expansions support long-term sequencing and symbolic play Key Takeaways • Functional play is the next natural layer after exploratory play • Cause-and-effect toys and routines often create the safest bridge • Regulation and connection need to come before expansion • One small variation is more effective than pushing a full new skill • Readiness cues help us know when the stretch is safe • One-step actions become the building blocks for multi-step and pretend play • Joy and emotional safety keep the brain open for learning • Development unfolds in layers and cannot be rushed When we focus on small bridges instead of big leaps, play expands in a way that feels safe and sustainable. Try This • Identify one exploratory play pattern the child already loves • Join the action before offering a new idea • Add one simple cause-and-effect variation • Model one clear one-step action like push, drop, or press • Pause and wait without adding pressure • Track which one-step actions the child enjoys repeating Sometimes the most meaningful progress comes from one tiny bridge built on something the child already trusts. Related Resources & Links Autism Little Learners Membership www.autismlittlelearners.com/pod Play and Learn Functional Play and Autism Play-Based Learning for Autistic Children Honoring Diverse Styles of Play Fine Motor and Sensory Bins Gently Expanding Autistic Play: Tips For Parents and Educators Visual Support Starter Set Visual Supports Facebook Group Functional play is not about replacing exploratory play. It is about building on the sensory and emotional safety that exploratory play already provides. When we honor the stage and expand gently, new layers of learning unfold naturally.

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#170: Exploratory Play Is Not a Problem to Fix

Apr 1400:08:37Summary ready

In this episode, we continue the play series with an important reframe for educators, therapists, and caregivers: Exploratory play is not a problem to fix. It is a stage to understand. When a child dumps toys, spins wheels, mouths objects, drops items, or repeats the same action over and over, it can be easy for adults to feel pressure to stop it. But what if the behavior isn't the problem? This episode explores why exploratory play is a foundational stage of development, especially for young autistic children, and how repetitive sensory-driven play often supports regulation, motor planning, focused attention, and early cause-and-effect learning. Instead of rushing children into more "functional" play, we'll walk through how to understand the sensory and developmental purpose behind exploratory play and how to gently shape it into the next stage without removing what already feels safe. This conversation is especially helpful for classrooms and therapy spaces where dumping, dropping, spinning, and repetitive object play can feel chaotic but are actually providing important information to the child's nervous system. In This Episode, You'll Learn • Why exploratory play is a real developmental stage, not a behavior problem • What children are learning when they dump, spin, drop, or mouth objects • Why autistic children may remain in this stage longer • The difference between safe boundaries and eliminating play entirely • Why adult anxiety around "stuck" can lead to premature redirection • How exploratory play naturally becomes functional play through cause and effect • Why repetitive play often supports nervous system regulation • Supportive classroom shifts that make exploratory play feel safer and more intentional • How to expand exploratory play without taking away the joy Key Takeaways • Exploratory play is sensory-driven learning • Repetition helps the nervous system gather information and build predictability • Dumping, spinning, dropping, and mouthing are forms of information gathering • Regulation often needs to come before more complex play can emerge • Boundaries can shape play safely without removing the sensory experience • Cause-and-effect routines create a natural bridge into functional play • Classroom environments feel calmer when exploratory play is planned for • The goal is to respect the stage, not rush past it When we stop trying to "fix" exploratory play, we make space for regulation, connection, and authentic development. Try This • Observe what sensory pattern the child is repeating • Ask what need the repetitive action might be meeting • Create safe dumping, dropping, or spinning spaces in the classroom • Add one small cause-and-effect variation like a ramp, tube, or drop zone • Use boundaries that shape safety without removing the experience • Plan sensory-rich play intentionally into the classroom day Often the most supportive shift is moving from correction to curiosity. Exploratory play is not something children need to be rushed out of. It is a sensory-rich stage that supports regulation, learning, and development. When we respect it as the foundation it is, the next stage of play unfolds much more naturally. Related Resources & Links Autism Little Learners Membership www.autismlittlelearners.com/pod Play and Learn Functional Play and Autism Sensory Play and Autism Play-Based Learning for Autistic Children Honoring Diverse Styles of Play

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#169: Expanding Play Without Taking It Over

Apr 700:09:59Summary ready

In this episode, we continue the play series with one of the most common questions educators and caregivers ask: How do I help expand play without taking over? It can be tempting to jump in quickly when a child is lining up cars, spinning wheels, dumping toys, or repeating the same action over and over. But meaningful play growth does not come from control. It comes from connection. This episode explores how to gently widen play skills while still honoring autistic play as meaningful, sensory-rich, and deeply connected to regulation. Instead of redirecting repetitive or exploratory play too quickly, Tara walks through how to observe first, join gently, and add one small playful variation that keeps the child in the driver's seat. This conversation is especially helpful for educators, therapists, and parents supporting autistic children who are moving from exploratory play into functional and early pretend play. In This Episode, You'll Learn • Why exploratory play is a real and important developmental stage • The difference between expanding play and taking over play • How to use Observe, Wait, Listen before stepping in • Why joining repetitive play builds connection and trust • How to add one small variation without disrupting regulation • Ways to move from dumping and dropping into functional cause-and-effect play • How to layer actions to support more flexible play • Why repetitive play often serves emotional safety and predictability • How pretend play grows naturally from functional play • Why exposure matters more than enforcement Key Takeaways • Exploratory play lays the foundation for communication, regulation, and cognition • Expansion works best when adults observe before stepping in • Joining first communicates safety and respect • One small playful variation is more effective than a full adult-led storyline • Cause-and-effect routines create a natural bridge into functional play • Pretend play develops more easily when earlier stages are honored • Regulation cues help us know when the stretch is too big • The goal is to widen possibilities, not control outcomes When we expand from the child's existing play pattern, we support flexibility without disrupting joy. Try This • Observe the child's current play pattern before adding anything • Join the play by imitating their action first • Add one small variation like a sound effect, pause, or simple cause-and-effect moment • Expand one action into a second step, like car down ramp → crash • Think in layers by expanding toys, actions, and then combinations • Watch regulation cues to decide whether to keep stretching or step back Sometimes one small shift is all it takes to open the door to deeper connection and more flexible play. Related Resources & Links Autism Little Learners Membership www.autismlittlelearners.com/pod Play and Learn Functional Play and Autism Sensory Play and Autism Play-Based Learning for Autistic Children Honoring Diverse Styles of Play Expanding play is not about changing how autistic children play. It is about honoring what already feels safe and joyful, then gently widening what feels possible one small step at a ti

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#168: Autistic Play is Real Play

Mar 3100:11:58Summary ready

In this episode, we begin a brand new series all about play with a foundational idea that challenges many traditional beliefs: Autistic play is real play. Not practice play. Not "pre-play." Not something that needs to be fixed before it counts. For many years, educators and caregivers were taught that certain types of play were more valuable or developmentally appropriate than others. But when we assume that only certain forms of play "count," we risk missing the meaning behind what children are already doing. This episode explores how autistic play often supports regulation, focus, and connection, and why honoring it is the starting point for building relationships and expanding play in meaningful ways. In This Episode, You'll Learn • Why traditional ideas about "correct play" can limit our understanding of autistic children • The qualities that actually define play, including intrinsic motivation and joy • How monotropic focus can support deep engagement and regulation • Why repetitive play, lining up toys, scripting, and sensory exploration can all be meaningful forms of play • How regulation and nervous system needs influence how children play • Why interrupting play too quickly can lead to dysregulation • The difference between correcting play and joining play • Simple ways adults can gently expand play without disrupting it • How visual supports can offer play ideas without creating pressure • Why people games can be powerful when children aren't interested in toys yet Key Takeaways • Play is defined by its qualities, not by how it looks • Autistic play often supports regulation, focus, and sensory organization • Repetition and deep focus are not deficits — they can represent engagement and immersion • When adults dismiss a child's play, they miss opportunities for connection • Joining a child's play builds trust and opens the door for expansion • Expansion should be offered gently rather than demanded • Visual supports can make play possibilities visible without forcing participation • People games create shared joy and connection even without toys When we shift from correcting play to understanding it, we create space for authentic connection. Try This • Observe a child's play without interrupting and look for signs of enjoyment and engagement • Join the play by copying what the child is doing rather than redirecting it • Model one small variation within the play without requiring imitation • Add simple visual invitations that show new possibilities without pressure • Try people games like peekaboo, chase, or movement routines to build connection • Focus on protecting joy rather than controlling how play should look Small moments of curiosity and joining can transform how play unfolds. Related Resources & Links Autism Little Learners Membership www.autismlittlelearners.com/pod Play and Learn Functional Play and Autism Sensory Play and Autism Play Based Learning for Autistic Children Honoring Diverse Styles of Play Autistic play is not something that needs to be corrected before it counts. It is authentic, meaningful play that often supports regulation, connection, and exploration. When adults begin with curiosity instead of correction, play becomes a space where trust, joy, and growth can flourish.

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#167: Mini-Schedules: The Visual Support You're Probably Missing

Mar 2400:10:18Summary ready

Your visual schedule helps students understand the structure of the day. But what helps them understand what's happening inside each activity? In this episode, we explore mini-schedules, a visual support that breaks down the steps within an activity so students can see what they are doing right now, how much there is to do, and when the activity will end. Even when a daily visual schedule is working well, some moments of the day can still feel unpredictable or overwhelming. Mini-schedules provide clarity within those moments, helping reduce uncertainty and supporting participation. In This Episode, You'll Learn • The difference between a daily visual schedule and a mini-schedule • Why activities that feel open-ended can increase anxiety for some students • How mini-schedules help make the beginning, middle, and end of an activity visible • Which classroom activities benefit most from mini-schedules • How to visually track progress through an activity as each step is completed • The difference between first/then boards and compliance-based reward systems • How to use first/then as a simple visual sequence rather than a behavioral tool • When to expand beyond first/then into multi-step visual sequences • The difference between mini-schedules and visual sequences for routines • How to begin introducing mini-schedules in your classroom or therapy space Key Takeaways • Visual schedules outline the day, but mini-schedules clarify what is happening within each activity • When activities feel endless or undefined, a child's nervous system may stay on edge • Mini-schedules make the structure of an activity visible and predictable • Seeing progress through an activity helps students tolerate the middle of the task • First/then boards work best when used as neutral sequencing tools rather than reward systems • Mini-schedules are flexible and change depending on the activity • Visual sequences support routines that happen the same way every time • Adding visual structure within activities can reduce anxiety and increase participation When students can see where an activity begins and ends, the experience becomes more manageable. Try This • Choose one activity that tends to feel difficult or unpredictable for students • Break the activity into 3–5 visible steps and create a simple mini-schedule • Visibly mark each step as it is completed by removing, covering, or moving the icon • Try using a mini-schedule during circle time, art, music, or small group activities • Use first/then boards as a visual sequence rather than a reward structure • Post visual sequences for routines like handwashing, arrival, or getting dressed Small layers of visual clarity can significantly reduce uncertainty during activities. Related Resources & Links Autism Little Learners Membership: www.autismlittlelearners.com/pod Visual Schedules Made Easy Course Visual Schedules: Choosing The Symbols And Length Using A Visual Schedule At Preschool: 3 Types To Promote Independence Visual Supports Coaching Week Visual Supports Starter Set Portable Visual Schedules Mini-schedules are not about controlling behavior. They are about making expectations visible and predictable. When students can see what they are doing, how much there is to do, and when the activity will end, their nervous system has the information it needs to stay regulated and engaged.

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All episodes

#176: Before Words: Why Symbolic Sounds Matter More Than You Think

#175: Incorporating Deep Interests to Transform Learning Activities

#174: What Echolalia Is Really Telling You: A Gestalt Language Processing Conversation with Nicole Casey, SLP (Encore)

#173: Why Forcing Engagement Backfires (And What to Do Instead)

#172: What Are Deep Interests? (And Why the Name Matters)

#171: From Exploratory to Functional Play (Without Forcing It)

#170: Exploratory Play Is Not a Problem to Fix

#169: Expanding Play Without Taking It Over

#168: Autistic Play is Real Play

#167: Mini-Schedules: The Visual Support You're Probably Missing