Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, a pivotal figure in 20th-century architecture, began his career in Germany, where he was deeply influenced by his early exposure to masonry and materials. Born in 1886, Mies refined his minimalist aesthetic, famously summarized by the motto "less is more," through his work in Berlin with modern design pioneers like Peter Behrens. His tenure as the director of the Bauhaus was cut short by the rise of the Nazi regime, leading to his relocation to the United States in 1937. In Chicago, Mies transformed the Illinois Institute of Technology (IIT) campus and solidified his influence through the International Style, which prioritized geometric simplicity, open "universal space," and the use of modern materials like steel and glass.

One of Mies's most celebrated achievements is the Seagram Building in New York City, completed in 1958. Deviating from the standard skyscraper designs of the era, Mies set the building back 100 feet from the street, creating a large public plaza that signaled both corporate success and urban generosity. The building’s exterior is renowned for its use of 1,500 tons of solid bronze and meticulously designed window blinds that maintain a uniform appearance. Mies's commitment to "truth to materials" is exemplified by the non-structural bronze I-beams added to the exterior, which visually represent the building's internal steel frame while complying with local fire codes.

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