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Welcome to This Week in Pediatrics. This week we're covering 10 notable papers spanning the care of extremely preterm infants, a re-evaluation of common and future therapeutics, and new approaches to assessing and preventing chronic conditions. Let's dive in. [PAUSE] We begin in the NICU, with a focus on our most vulnerable patients: the extremely preterm infant. A series of papers this week pro…This week's papers:Novel activity and participation scales for children, adolescents, and young adults with postacute infection and vaccination syndromes and/or ME/CFS. — European journal of pediatrics 2026Comparing neuroprotective drug efficacy in rodent neonatal brain injury models. — Pediatric research 2026Atopic dermatitis. — Nature reviews. Disease primers 2026Early Amino Acid Intake in ELBW Infants: School-Aged Outcomes From a Randomized Controlled Trial. — Pediatrics 2026Respiratory trajectories of infants born before 26 weeks of gestation from birth to discharge: an exploratory analysis of a randomised controlled trial. — The Lancet. Child & adolescent health 2026Plasma signals of lung tumor promotion for molecular cancer prevention. — Cell 2026Randomised, Multicentre Clinical Trial Found That Hypertonic Saline Did Not Reduce the Length of Stay of Hospitalised Patients With Acute Bronchiolitis. — Acta paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992) 2026Clinical pharmacology insights from recent cell and gene therapy approvals relevant to pediatrics. — Pediatric research 2026Caring for the smallest hearts: cardiovascular phenotypes and assessment in tiny babies. — Pediatric research 2026Clinical study: Cardiovascular outcomes after a 14-week exercise intervention in young adults born preterm. — Pediatric research 2026Listen at AudioScholar

Welcome to This Week in Pediatrics. This week we're covering 8 notable papers spanning surgical decision-making, care for our most vulnerable infants, and the future of molecular medicine. Let's dive in. [PAUSE] Our first theme covers clinical crossroads in surgery and screening, beginning with a major trial in The New England Journal of Medicine that addresses a long-standing question in pediatr…This week's papers:Human haematopoietic stem cells remember inflammatory stress. — Nature 2026Decompression with or without Duraplasty for Chiari I and Syringomyelia. — The New England journal of medicine 2026Coordinated regulation using small-molecule drugs enables controlled therapeutic genome editing and enhanced genomic precision in situ. — Science translational medicine 2026Fibroblast growth factor receptor inhibition for succinate dehydrogenase-deficient gastrointestinal stromal tumors: a phase 2 trial. — Nature medicine 2026Prevalence of Cerebral Abnormalities in Children With Congenital Heart Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. — Pediatrics 2026Geospatial Indices of Neighborhood Environment and Preadolescent Behavioral Health Screening in Primary Care. — The Journal of pediatrics 2026Extended Continuous Positive Airway Pressure in Infants Born Preterm Decreases Intermittent Hypoxemia: A Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Controlled Trial. — The Journal of pediatrics 2026Urolithin A attenuates inflammation and enhances barrier integrity in an experimental NEC-in-a-Dish model. — Pediatric research 2026Listen at AudioScholar

Welcome to This Week in Pediatrics. This week we're covering 10 notable papers spanning new insights into genetic disease mechanisms, the push for population-based screening, and critical updates in clinical communication and global health. Let's dive in. [PAUSE] We begin with a look at the fundamental building blocks of disease, with a major study on genetic cancer risk and several basic scienc…This week's papers:From PCOS to PMOS: inclusion of the adolescent voice in setting clinical and research priorities. — The Lancet. Child & adolescent health 2026Cost of health systems strengthening for small and sick newborn care in four sub-Saharan African countries implemented with NEST360: incremental cost analyses. — The Lancet. Global health 2026Scavenger receptor class F member 2 is an intracellular receptor for hepatitis B virus. — Cell 2026Screening Children for Early-Stage Type 1 Diabetes. — JAMA 2026A New Type 1 Diabetes Diagnosis Paradigm. — JAMA 2026Mitochondrial L-2-hydroxyglutarate is a physiological signalling metabolite. — Nature 2026Pathogenic germline variations and cancer risks in pediatric patients referred for genetic testing. — Nature medicine 2026Genome instability triggers intercellular DNA transfer between human cells. — Cell 2026Advancing Indigenous Health Equity in Medical School Curricula. — The New England journal of medicine 2026Childhood Vaccine Hesitancy. — The New England journal of medicine 2026Listen at AudioScholar

Welcome to This Week in Pediatrics. This week we're covering 10 notable papers spanning advances in genetics and neurodevelopment, the long-term consequences of the perinatal period, and new insights into preventing and managing infectious diseases. Let's dive in. [PAUSE] Our first theme explores the rapidly moving field of genetics and neurodevelopment, with papers highlighting a new therapeuti…This week's papers:Socioeconomic Risk Factors for Incomplete Vaccination in Swedish Two-Year-Olds-A Nationwide, Population-Based Cohort Study. — Acta paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992) 2026Automated oxygen flow titration for infants with bronchiolitis: a multicentre randomised controlled trial. — Archives of disease in childhood 2026Antibody fine specificity correlates with protection from malaria for the RTS,S vaccine in young African children: A post hoc analysis of a phase IIb randomised controlled trial. — PLoS medicine 2026First-trimester nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs exposure and risk of major congenital malformations: A retrospective register-based cohort study. — PLoS medicine 2026An X-linked long non-coding RNA, PTCHD1-AS, and the core features of autism. — Nature 2026Lineage and organ signals sequentially build organ intrinsic nervous systems. — Nature 2026The role of choline in neurodevelopment. — Pediatric research 2026Smaller coronary artery size in adults born preterm. — Pediatric research 2026Neuroepithelial Tumor with AAV Integration after Intracisternal Magna Vector Delivery. — The New England journal of medicine 2026In vivo adenine base editing ameliorates Dravet syndrome phenotypes in a mouse model. — Science translational medicine 2026Listen at AudioScholar