
Hosted by Ronald Stockton · EN

Send us Fan MailBeing my family historian, I bump into strange documents from time to time. A couple of years ago, I saw a will from 1717 that I thought might belong to an ancestor. It turned out that it did not, but the will was so fascinating that I wanted to discuss it with you. The logic and style are very different from what we know as a will today (although the goal is the same -- to allocate resources according to the wishes of the deceased, without tension). Three small pointsFirst, in a mistake, I once said an ell was 14 inches. In fact it is 45 inches. Second, I suspect you know the term anno domini, which we commonly call A. D. Third, a "share" of tobacco had different meanings. In some cases it was a negotiated amount, for example with a shareholder. The most common meaning was a full "hogshead" barrel, which was typically 1,000 pounds. It sounds as if that might be what was meant in this document. This is a relatively short podcast so it will not cost a significant portion of your life to listen. And you might find it interesting.

Send us Fan MailThis is a discussion of the historic context of this war, plus some thoughts on the strategic issues involved. Note: At one point I referred to the end of the Gulf War when I meant to say the end of World War II. Note: At this point (March 17) opposition to the war is about 53-41. Republicans are very supportive, Democrats opposed. The general pattern in public opinion, is that whenever your country goes to war, you support it, but then support falls off very quickly within a month or so. By 51-29 Americans think the war has made us less safe.

Send us Fan MailIn 1981 Rabbi Harold Kushner wrote a book on suffering. He decided to write this when he learned that his beloved son Aaron had a terrible disease that would turn him into an old man even as a child. Aaron died at eight. Kushner reflected upon why an innocent child should suffer so much. Could God have prevented this? Kushner turned to the story of Job to try to understand. If you like this podcast, I hope you will read the book. And another book, Man's Search for Meaning by Viktor Frankel. I also have a podcast on that book.

Send us Fan MailOn January 3 American forces went into Caracas and captured Venezuelan President Maduro. He was taken to the United States to stand trial. Is this a one-off adventure because of a corrupt leader, or does it suggest a broader set of actions of which this is just the first of many?

Send us Fan MailWhen I was in Turkey I visited a caravan serai. It was a place where a caravan would stop along the way. (And where travelers could find a place to spend the night). When we read that there was "no room in the inn" and Mary had to deliver in the stable, what does that mean? I suspect it was not nearly as harsh as I learned when I was a kid. Two updates might be helpfulFirst, scholars have not found evidence of a caravan serai in Bethlehem. Second, scholars believe that many stories in the Bible are metaphors, not facts. Some scholars believe that Jesus was not born in Bethlehem. That is more like one of the parables of Jesus, which everyone recognizes is a story designed to make a point

Send us Fan MailI am very cautious about predictions. All the pundits are doing those, plus most of them seem to be chasing headines. I have made an exception in this case, because I think Trump has peaked and is on his decline. Am I just doing what others are doing and over-reading headlines? Maybe. But I think I see something worth noting. You are welcome to spend 29 minutes see if you agree. Feedback welcome. Rstock@Umich.edu

Send us Fan MailBiden carried Georgia by just under 12,000 votes. They had a Republican governor and Republican Secreatary of State. Trump called them and asked them to "find" those votes. I just need one more than Biden got to carry the state. Trump threatened the Secretary of State with prosecution if he did not "find" the votes. The county prosecutor Fannie Wills charged the president with corruption. Trump fought furiously. In time, Wills was removed for conflict of interest. (She was boinking one of her associates). The person who replaced her was a well respected prosecutor. Today he dismissed the case. Why? 1. The case should never have been in a county court. It should have been in a federal court. Allowing every county prosecutor to bring criminal charges against a president would produce chaos. 2. The critical sentence from Trump about "find the votes" could have been interpreted as having criminal intent OR just urging the local official to do his job. The law specifies that if reasonable people could interpret a statement in two ways, the prosecutor is obligated to grant the accused the benefit of the doubt. 3. The case was very complex with many individuals named. It would have involved multiple trials. 4. Trump is now in office. It could not go to trial until he was out of office. That would be very difficult. What I do not yet understand is what happens to all of the peripheral individuals who already pleaded guilty to being a part of a conspiracy and have been sentenced. Wills used the RICO law to suggest that there were a host of people involved in this effort. This podcast will explain the original indictment document, including the logic of the RICO charge. This is not long and is very informative.

Send us Fan MailAfter the catastrophic defeat at Charleston, the Patriot forces were on the ropes. General Clinton, commander of the British army, was so confident of the outcome, that he left his deputy, General Cornwallis, in charge and headed north. Cornwallis planned to link up with Tory militias from North and South Carolina, to crush resistance, and to remove two more stars from the flag. (The British already controlled Georgia, at least they thought they did). The Tory militias, backed up by some regulars, had gathered at King's Mountain right on the border between North and South Carolina. They were in a formidable position, holding the high ground. The plan was to link up with Cornwallis, finish off the rebellion, and go home as heroes. What could go wrong? But four battles (Musgrave Mill, Cowpens, King's Mountain, and Guilford Courthouse) changed the tragectory of the war. We have been watching the Ken Burns masterpiece on The American Revolution. This story is told in the last episode.

Send us Fan MailChrista Bruhn was my student back in the 1980s. I remember very well the first time I met her. She told me she had lived for a semester in Gaza. I have been to Gaza twice and did not consider it a place for a young American woman to be spending a semester. But Christa was never able to get Palestine out of her soul. This is her own story of her life-long engagement with a land and a people whose survival is not guaranteed. In time she fell in love with a Palestinian student she met in the US. She moved with him to Jenin where she became fully integrated into her new Palestinian family. Christa shares amazing insights from her years in that land. I found it easy and very rewarding to interview her about her life and her book. This interview is over an hour long but you will be glad you listened.

Send us Fan MailI have been an expert witness in four deportation hearings. The job of an expert witness is to given the judge reasons to permit the individual to remain in the U. S. The cases were people from Lebanon, Syria, Iraq, and Palestine. The Palestinian case was the most interesting because it dealt with a stateless person. I also want to share with you a conversation I had with an Immigration judge. Immigration Attorney Shahad Atiya commented on this podcast: "Asylum law requires people to contort their fears into categories that sometimes make no sense to the expert observer. For those reasons, for the chemist, it was better for him to be able to select a category to be discriminated against such as religion, rather than fit himself into the catch all category (membership in a particular social group, that being chemists). That category kills many cases. Religion is black and white. What is membership in a particular social group anyway? We litigate this every day. "Although you mention these cases may be in the public record, they may be because of media attention or other ways they were discovered. Generally, asylum records and asylum cases are not discoverable and cannot be FOIA’d. You kept them anonymous though anyway. "Many of the timelines you mentioned for these cases put them under the Obama presidency. This shows that asylum law and its harsh realities know no party lines. "There is a level of privilege from the clients that you were an expert witness for having entered the U.S. legally and then applied after overstaying a visa. However, the privilege quickly fails when credibility is at the center of their case. Their credibility of their claims on the fact that they presented themselves at a port of entry, they held themselves out to be tourists or students or temporary workers or visitors. They told officers they intended to leave the U.S. but all along they had the intent to file for asylum because their claims naturally rest on things they experienced prior to their entry. Had their fear started while they were here, the case would be completely different. They would have a valid fear in the opinion of an officer and thereby now AFTER experiencing such events did their intentions change from nonimmigrant to immigrant. Islam and especially Shias put a lot of emphasis on the intentions you make prior to an act. I joke about how immigration law can be so Shia."